1,721,031 research outputs found
Rumination as a widespread emotion-based cognitive vulnerability in borderline personality disorder: A meta-analytic review
No full textObjective The current quantitative review aims at comprehensively clarifying the role of rumination in borderline personality disorder (BPD) considering its relevance for several clinical models of the disorder. Method This meta-analysis included 29 independent studies assessing different forms of rumination-general tendency to engage in ruminative thinking patterns and four types of emotion-based rumination among both nonclinical subjects reporting BPD features and patients with BPD. Furthermore, the study tested whether rumination could be considered a widespread emotion-based cognitive vulnerability in BPD. Results Meta-analytic procedures were based on 46 r coefficients that showed large pooled effect sizes for all forms of rumination. With the exception of interpersonal rumination, the remaining forms of rumination were equally involved in BPD features. Conclusions Rumination should be considered a widespread emotion-based cognitive vulnerability in BPD. Future studies should provide longitudinal and contextual-based evaluations of rumination among treatment-seeking individuals with BPD
A psychometric-genetic study of schizotypal disorder
No full textThis study aimed to clarify the structure and the etiological constituents of schizotypal disorder (SPD) by directly interviewing pairs of twins. A latent class analysis was applied to each individual's outcome for specified SPD items, such that each subject's phenotype could be redefined in terms of individual probabilities of class membership. Intraclass correlations were then calculated for each twin pair, and a standard univariate twin model applied. The best latent class analysis solution encompassed a model with four latent classes (three latent classes of SPD subjects, one of non-SPD). The intraclass correlations revealed a moderate to high heritability for two out of three SPD classes and for the modal class (a class composed of subjects that possessed a conditional probability of belonging to any of the SPD classes). Model fittings revealed considerable variation in the extent to which the different classes of SPD were influenced by additive genetic constituents or non-genetic factors. Although these data confirm the importance of genetic contributors in determining liability to SPD and the schizophrenia spectrum, they indicate that there is a relationship between psychometric multidimensionality and etiological heterogeneity in SPD. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. OI MAFFEI, Cesare/0000-0002-6491-9476 Z8 0 ZR 0 ZS 0 ZB 1
Modalità di appraisal e discriminazione delle emozioni: una ricerca transculturale nel campo della patologia schizofrenica.
No full textL'articolo di ricerca compara tra loro ss italiani e stunitensi sulla dimensione dell'appraisal dei termini emotivi indagati attraverso l'identificazione degli antecedenti situazionali, del locus of control della responsabilità e le strategie di coping. Alcune differenze transculturali sono state rilevate, riferite in particolare al locus of contro
Bullying as a style of personal relating: Personality characteristics and interpersonal aspects of self-reports of bullying behaviours among Italian adolescent high school students.
No full text"Two independent studies that were based on two independent samples of non-clinical adolescents were used to evaluate the association between bullying behaviour, personality traits, attachment style and risk behaviour (such as substance abuse). In particular, Study 1 (N=1024) was designed to test the associations between bullying and the Big Five personality traits measures. Low scores for Agreeableness and, to a lesser extent, for Conscientiousness characterized adolescents who reported the bullying behaviours. Study 2 (N=763) was designed to explore the relationships between the bullying behaviours and the adult attachment construct and to evaluate the associations between bully, victim and prosocial attitudes and relationships with peers and substance abuse. The results of Study 2 showed that self-reports of bullying behaviours were selectively correlated with dismissing attachment style, preference for relationship with deviant groups and excessive use of alcohol and use of substances.
Problemi metodologici nella diagnosi dei Disturbi della Personalità: una revisione della letteratura
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