1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Effects of Low-Dose Hypericin-PDT on Murine BMDCs and subsequent induction of regulatory T Lymphocytes
No full textPhotodynamische Therapie (PDT) ist eine Krebstherapie, die auf einem nicht-toxischen Photosensitzer (PS), sichtbarem Licht und molekularem Sauerstoff basiert. Durch Reaktion des angeregten PS mit molekularem Sauerstoff führt dies zur Entstehung von sog. ‚reactive oxygen species‘. Hierdurch werden Tumorzellen durch direkte und indirekte Effekte zerstört. Indirekt unterstützt PDT die Einleitung einer entzündlichen Immunantwort und tumorspezifischer Immunreaktionen. Diesbezüglich wurden die Entstehung eines immunologischen Gedächtnisses nach PDT und die Erfordernis dendritischer Zellen (DC) für deren therapeutische Effizienz gezeigt. Die Induktion einer tumorspezifischen Immunantwort und einer Gedächtnisimmunität erfordert, dass die Toleranz gegenüber dem Tumor gebrochen wird. Nach unserer Hypothese verschiebt PDT-Behandlung die DC-vermittelte Induktion von Treg im Mikromilieu des Tumors in Richtung der Differenzierung von Effektor-T-Zellen und fördert so die Eliminierung von Tumorzellen. In dieser Studie wurden sowohl direkte Effekte von PDT mit Hypericin als PS auf DCs als auch die Kapazität behandelter DCs, Treg und Effektor-T-Zellen zu induzieren, evaluiert. DCs zeigten gesteigerte Proliferation nach PDT-Behandlung mit bis zu 100 nM Hypericin und zytotoxische Effekte ab einer Konzentration von mehr als 200 nM. Die Induktion von Treg durch PDT-DCs war bei niedriger Konzentration tendenziell verringert. Die Th1 und Th17 spezifischen Zytokine IFN-γ und IL-17A zeigten gleichbleibende IFN-γ Niveaus und gesteigerte IL-17A Sekretion in Ko-Kulturen, die mit 300 nM Hypericin-PDT behandelte DCs enthielten. Zusammenfassend zeigt diese Studie einen vorteilhaften Effekt von niedrig dosierter Hypericin-PDT auf die Lebensfähigkeit von DCs und deren proinflammatorische Kapazität, eine verringerte Induktion von Treg und die Erhaltung der normalen Differenzierung von Effektor-T-Zellen. Diese Effekte könnten die PDT-induzierte Antitumor-Immunität teilweise erklären.Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment modality which is based on three components: a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS), visible light and molecular oxygen. Photoactivation of the PS leads to generation of reactive oxygen species. Subsequently, tumor cells are eliminated by direct and indirect effects. Indirectly, PDT facilitates the induction of an inflammatory response and tumor-specific immune reactions. In this context, generation of memory immunity and a requirement for dendritic cells (DC) for PDT efficiency has been shown. We hypothesized that PDT treatment might skew DC-mediated induction of Treg in the tumor-microenvironment towards effector T cell differentiation, thereby promoting elimination of the tumor. This study assessed direct effects of PDT using hypericin as PS on DCs on the one hand and the capacity of treated DCs to induce Treg and effector T cells on the other hand. DCs showed increased proliferation at concentrations up to 100 nM hypericin and a cytotoxic effect at concentrations higher than 200 nM in response to PDT. Induction of Treg by PDT-DCs displayed a tendency towards reduced Treg levels in response to low-dose treatment. Secretion of Th1 and Th17 signature cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17 showed consistent IFN-γ levels and increased IL-17A levels in co-cultures with 300 nM hypericin-PDT treated DCs.
In summary, this study shows a beneficial effect of low-dose hypericin-PDT on DC viability and proinflammatory capacity. Furthermore, it points to diminished induction of Treg by PDT-DCs and maintenance of normal effector T cell induction. These effects could partially explain the anti-tumor immunity triggered by PDT
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Advances in Extracellular Vesicle Research Over the Past Decade: Source and Isolation Method are Connected with Cargo and Function
Full text linkThe evolution of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has introduced nanotechnology into biomedical cell communication science while recognizing what is formerly considered cell "dust" as constituting an entirely new universe of cell signaling particles. To display the global EV research landscape, a systematic review of 20 364 original research articles selected from all 40 684 EV-related records identified in PubMed 2013-2022 is performed. Machine-learning is used to categorize the high-dimensional data and further dissected significant associations between EV source, isolation method, cargo, and function. Unexpected correlations between these four categories indicate prevalent experimental strategies based on cargo connectivity with function of interest being associated with certain EV sources or isolation strategies. Conceptually relevant association of size-based EV isolation with protein cargo and uptake function will guide strategic conclusions enhancing future EV research and product development. Based on this study, an open-source database is built to facilitate further analysis with conventional or AI tools to identify additional causative associations of interest.A total of 20 364 original extracellular vesicle (EV) research articles for the decade 2013-2022 are analyzed for the presence or absence of 36 selected parameters in the four categories EV source, isolation, cargo, and function. The results are displayed in machine-learning-based 2D landscapes and further dissected by correlation analysis to identify conceptually relevant associations and draw strategic conclusions. imag
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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