338 research outputs found
地域の諸形成と人口分布 : 人口分布構造解明のための諸概念の探究
No full textThe purpose of this study is to search for the various concepts to clarify the structure of population distribution. Although Zelinsky constructed the framework of explanation for the causes of inequality in population distribution, the reference to the concrete spatial formation were weak. So, the author wants to develop the spatial aspects further. From the retrospect of the various viewpoints and theories on the formations of region, the author draw the many key concepts as follows: Poksishefsky's cognition on the formations of settlement, cause of the dispersed settlement, the village size and its range of farming, the function and location of cities, the degree of urbanization, city size distribution, central place theory, theory of urban systems, the various location theories, theory of core and periphery, the effects of transportation system
Efficacy of Toric Intraocular Lens and Prevention of Axis Misalignment by Optic Capture in Pediatric Cataract Surgery
No full text主査：土井勝美 教授 学内授与番号：医第1352号
Kuniko Tachibana, Naoyuki Maeda, Kosuke Abe, Shunji Kusaka, Efficacy of Toric Intraocular Lens and Prevention of Axis Misalignment by Optic Capture in Pediatric Cataract Surgery, Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, November 2021, Volume 47, Issue 11, p.1417-1422 doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000643 掲載application/pd
Efficacy of Toric Intraocular Lens and Prevention of Axis Misalignment by Optic Capture in Pediatric Cataract Surgery
No full text近畿大学Kindai University博士（医学）主査：土井勝美 教授 学内授与番号：医第1352号
Kuniko Tachibana, Naoyuki Maeda, Kosuke Abe, Shunji Kusaka, Efficacy of Toric Intraocular Lens and Prevention of Axis Misalignment by Optic Capture in Pediatric Cataract Surgery, Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, November 2021, Volume 47, Issue 11, p.1417-1422 doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000643 掲載application/pdfdoctoral thesi
都市化に対する農村の人口維持機能 : 特に農業面を中心として
No full textDuring the period of rapid economic growth (1960's) in Japan, the rural population decreased considerably. Nowadays, the rural to urban migration is said to be down, but before reaching this situation, what incentives existed to keep population in rural area? This study aims to clarify the reason why the rural population still exists, and in particular emphasis is laid on the activity of farmers who form the fundamental pupulation in rural areas.
The rural pupulation, though its number is very small in comparison to that of cities, is considered to be maintained through such functions as follows.
1. the existance of natural resources
2. the enlargement of the living space of city dwellers (or the emergence of 'urban field')
3. the consistency of agriculture
4. the increase of the phenomenon of counteraction (that is, dispersion) against the agglomeration
5. the development of exchange system economically among regions owing to the advancement of transportation
In these functions, the author wishes to draw attention to agriculture further, because, among all industries, the expansion of agriculture is most widely practiced on the surface of the earth, and it is still very important industry in rural areas.
The positive agriculture which is really thought to maintain the rural farm population is seen not only in the suburban area of city but also in places remote from it. But the rate of positive farmers to the total is raised according to the distance from the city or in the distant region from the core region of Japan. This reason is to be considered that in these areas the opportunity of employment outside the agriculture becomes very few, so the people who want to remain in these places must live through concentrating on the agriculture or other few industries. Although the degree of positiveness of farming is considerable in such remote places, the number of positive farm population depends on the extent of the intensity and area of land in agriculture. Therefore, we cannot say that remote places have a more positive farm population than that of suburban districts. After all, the rural farm population will continue to exist widely on the land through the commercialization of their agriculture
The Process of Outflow of Rural Population in Japan, viewed with reference to Zelinsky's Mobility Transition Theory
No full textFrom the Meiji era, rural to urban migration has played the dominant role in the all migration flows in Japan.
Noting this fact, the author aims to review the process of the outflow of rural population from the feudal age of the Edo period to the present. In doing this, he wishes particularly to clarify the characteristics of the process by referring to Zelinsky's Mobility Transition Theory. This theory is known as the one developed in correspondence with demographic transition theory among demographers and population geographers.
Here, the theory of mobility transition is explained in brief, especially with regard to the part of migration of rural population in various movements. Zelinsky divides the process of mobility into five phases. The first phase is the age called "The Premodern Traditional Society" in which residential migration is little seen and the demographic character has high fertility and high mortality. The second is "The Early Transitional Society" in which massive movement occurs from the countryside according to its high population growth and this high growth is due to the declining mortality and the rise in fertility. The third is "The Late Transitional Society" in which the movement from countryside is slacking due to the slowdown of population growth with the decline of fertility. The fourth is "The Advanced Society" in which there is little natural increase and the movement from countryside to city continues but is further reduced in absolute and relative terms The last is "A Future Superadvanced Society" in which nearly all residential migration may be of the inter-urban and intra-urban variety.
The most important characteristics in the process of the outflow of rural population can be summarized as follows:
1. Both the volume of the outflow of rural population and the direction of migration to city were very constant in Japan for a long time from the second phase to the first half age of the third one in the demographic and mobility transition. This is quite different from Zelinsky's model which says that the volume of rural to urban migration changes in the course of the mountain-shaped curve (Fig. 1). The reason why this volume was constant during this period is, in short, due to the lack of appeal to labourers of employment in urban industries before World War II. These industries could only employ labourers from the countryside in numbers almost equal to the volume of natural in crease in rural population.
2. In Japan, such curve is drawn at the period of rapid economic growth (1955 to 60's) situated between the second half age of the third phase and the earlier age of the fourth. The pull power of industries in this period was so strong that a great reduction in the number of farm houses and farmers occured. This phenomenon was never seen before World War II.
Thus, by adding other facts to the above, it may be said that in the case of Japan the chainging process of the outflow of rural population should be viewed more from the standpoint of socioeconomic factor than the demographic one. In this respect, the results of this research seem different from the conclusions expressed in Zelinsky's theory
On the Character of Population Change with the Distance from Central City : A Case in the Area of Hiroshima Bay
No full textThe regional changes of many phenomena in the urbanized society generally occur in accordance with the distance from the central city of each region. This is, so called, the urban circular structure within a city region. This study intends to reexamine this urban ciruclar structure under the example of the area surrounding Hiroshima Bay through many indices especially concerning population structure. The staistics of these were used mainly from the National Population Cansus on 1985 and eight administrative districts which were considered within the influence of Hiroshima City were selected as the units of regional change (four districts weswards from Hiroshima City, i.e., successively Itsukaichi-cho, Hatsukaichi-shi Ono-cho, Otake-shi and to the direction of east Fuchu-cho, Kaita-cho, Saka-cho, Kure-shi).
The following results were gained through this study.
1. The changes of indices related to the population such as the number of population, the composition ratio of population by age group, the population increase, the migrants, the commuters and school attendants to and from the Hiroshima City and others fundamentally accroded with the distance from this city. That is, the numbers and ratios decreased or increased with the enlargement of the distance. But these simple relationships were partially disturbed by the regional characterstics.
2. The regional changes of indices relating to the employment such as the rate of the daytime population to the residents, the rate of the workers (not working outside of the region) to the residents, the component ratio of the population by industrial group were very contract between the regions westwars and the ones eastwards from the Hiroshima City. These occur mainly by the cause of the character of suburb. Namely, the westward suburb is developing as the area of residence, whereas eastward one strengthen the character of working place.
3. The reaction to the distance was quite diffrent between the commuters and the school attendants. In the case of commuting and attending school to the Hiroshima city, the component ratio of the commuters went down with the increase of the distance from this city, while the ratio of school attendants went up.
4. Although the degree of the dependence of the commuting and attending school from the surrounding area to and from the Hiroshima City was going high, the rate of the migrants to and from this city declined. From this fact, it may be said that the cyclical movement of the population not altering the place of residence advances
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