1,721,143 research outputs found
FIG. 23 in Caudal Cranium Of Thylacosmilus Atrox (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), A South American Predaceous Sabertooth
No full textFIG. 23. Thylacosmilus atrox, paratype, FMNH P14344. Pneumatization of the left middle ear based on 3-D reconstructions from micro-CT data in A, lateral, B, medial, and C, rostral views. Osseous labyrinth in pink and petrosal shown as semitransparent. Minor evaginations of the ventral paratympanic space not separately identified. Abbreviations: cps, caudal paratympanic space; ct, tympanic cavity; eam, external acoustic meatus; lps, lateral paratympanic space (= epitympanic sinus); vps, ventral paratympanic space.Published as part of Forasiepi, Analía M., Macphee, Ross D.E. & Pino, Santiago Hernández del, 2019, Caudal Cranium Of Thylacosmilus Atrox (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), A South American Predaceous Sabertooth, pp. 1-65 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2019 (433) on page 37, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.433.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541565
FIG. 6 in Mortality in a predator-free insular environment: the dwarf deer of Crete
No full textFIG. 6. Mortality profiles (dx) for Candiacervus ropalophorus from Gerani 4 (top left, actual numbers for all ages; bottom left, juveniles only) and Candiacervus sp. II from Liko (top right, all ages). Bottom right, reconstruction of Can. ropalophorus by Alexis Vlachos.Published as part of van der Geer, Alexandra A. E., Lyras, George A., MacPhee, Ross D. E., Lomolino, Mark & Drinia, Hara, 2014, American Museum Novitates 2014 (3807) on page 1, DOI: 10.1206/3807.1, http://zenodo.org/record/536750
FIG. 4 in Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications
No full textFIG. 4. Skull of Huayqueriana cf. H. cristata IANIGLA-PV 29 in A, right lateral, B, dorsal, and C, ventral views, with measurements (see table 2).Published as part of <i>Forasiepi, Analía M., MacPhee, Ross D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Schmidt, Gabriela I., Amson, Eli & Grohé, Camille, 2016, Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications, pp. 1-77 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (404)</i> on page 14, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-404.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5379729">http://zenodo.org/record/5379729</a>
FIG. 4 in Mortality in a predator-free insular environment: the dwarf deer of Crete
No full textFIG. 4. Mortality profiles (dx) for Candiacervus ropalophorus from Gerani 4 (left) and Candiacervus sp. II from Liko (right), based on age estimations inferred from wear stages of all molars (top histograms) or of m1, m2, or m3 considered singly (other histograms). Although some differences can be observed between the profiles, patterns are essentially the same.Published as part of van der Geer, Alexandra A. E., Lyras, George A., MacPhee, Ross D. E., Lomolino, Mark & Drinia, Hara, 2014, American Museum Novitates 2014 (3807) on page 1, DOI: 10.1206/3807.1, http://zenodo.org/record/536750
Did some extinct South American native ungulates arise from an afrothere ancestor?: A critical appraisal of Avilla and Mothé’s (2021) Sudamericungulata – Panameridiungulata hypothesis
No full textThe debate regarding the evolutionary relationships of the extinct South American native ungulates (SANUs) to the major placental clades Afrotheria and Boreoeutheria is exciting and has profound implications for our understanding of their early diversification and paleobiogeography. Although this controversy has not yet proven resolvable using morphological evidence, paleoproteomic and ancient DNA analyses support that at least some SANUs (i.e., Litopterna and Notoungulata) are members of Boreoeutheria, closely related to Perissodactyla (the Panperissodactyla hypothesis). Here we present a critical assessment of a recently published morphology-based study that claims that: (1) some SANUs (i.e., Notoungulata, Astrapotheria, Pyrotheria, and Xenungulata) represent a monophyletic supraordinal group, the Sudamericungulata, closely related to the Afrotherian hyracoids; and (2) the remaining SANUs (i.e., Litopterna and Didolodontidae, placed in a separate taxon, Panameridiungulata) are boreoeutherian in origin. Because this proposal (hereafter, the Sudamericungulata - Panameridiungulata or S-P hypothesis) is based on an incongruously reduced sample of boreoeutherians (including only a single perissodactyl) and inadequate character sampling restricted to dental and mandibular traits, it cannot be regarded as a satisfactory test of SANU relationships. Moreover, the S-P hypothesis fails to recover monophyletic Boreoeutheria and/or Afrotheria, making it incompatible with all well-established hypotheses of placental diversification. We find that the introduction of molecular constraints forcing the monophyly of Boreoeutheria and Afrotheria produces new trees, all recovering Sudamericungulata and Panameridiungulata nested within Boreoeutheria. These results are consistent with our analyses using a corrected version of the S-P matrix. Although we acknowledge that boreoeutherian affinities have still not been conclusively demonstrated for all nominal SANUs, it is beyond argument that any further credible testing must be based on much more exhaustive surveys than are currently available.Fil: Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Macphee, Ross D. E.. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unido
FIG. 15. Prothylacynus patagonicus MACN-A 5931 in Caudal Cranium Of Thylacosmilus Atrox (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), A South American Predaceous Sabertooth
No full textFIG. 15. Prothylacynus patagonicus MACN-A 5931 from Corriguen-Kaik, Santa Cruz, Argentina; Santa Cruz Formation; Santacrucian, Early Miocene. Ventral view of A, the caudal cranium, with B, key. Abbreviations: AL, alisphenoid; bjs, basijugular sulcus; BO, basioccipital; BS, basisphenoid; cc, carotid canal; cod, occipital condyle; codf, condyloid foramen; cs, carotid sulcus; eam, external acoustic meatus; ewsq, squamosal epitympanic wing; EX, exoccipital; fmg, foramen magnum; fo, foramen ovale; fs, facial sulcus; hf, hypoglossal foramen; ips, inferior petrosal sinus; jf, jugular foramen; pcp, paracondylar process; PE, petrosal; pf, piriform fenestra; pgf, postglenoid foramen; ptp, posttympanic process; SQ, squamosal; tc, transverse canal. In this taxon, the more rostral foramen, opening into the basijugular sulcus, is tiny, and it presumably did not carry the hypoglossal nerve. For this reason, we identify it as a strictly venous foramen. Asterisk (*) indicates putative suture between alisphenoid and squamosal. Arrow indicates the direction to or the position of features hidden by other structures.Published as part of Forasiepi, Analía M., Macphee, Ross D.E. & Pino, Santiago Hernández del, 2019, Caudal Cranium Of Thylacosmilus Atrox (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), A South American Predaceous Sabertooth, pp. 1-65 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2019 (433) on page 26, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.433.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541565
FIG. 18 in Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications
No full textFIG. 18. Occipital view, skull of Huayqueriana cf. H. cristata IANIGLA-PV 29. Abbreviations: cr, crest; fm, foramen magnum; gr, occipital groove; ncr, nuchal crest; oc, occipital condyle; opr, occipital protuberance; pap, paracondylar process of exoccipital; pgp, postglenoid process; ptc, posttemporal canal. Asterisk (*) identifies canal for vascular structures (see text).Published as part of <i>Forasiepi, Analía M., MacPhee, Ross D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Schmidt, Gabriela I., Amson, Eli & Grohé, Camille, 2016, Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications, pp. 1-77 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (404)</i> on page 37, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-404.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5379729">http://zenodo.org/record/5379729</a>
FIG. 12. A–F in Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications
No full textFIG. 12. A–F, Virtual coronal sections of skull of Huayqueriana cf. H. cristata IANIGLA-PV 29. Abbreviations: cc, central canal; M, molar; mnv, meatus nasi ventralis; Mx, maxilla; ns, nasal septum; P, premolar; plf, palatine fissure; Pmx, premaxilla; V, vomer; VNO?, possible sulcus for vomeronasal organ. Asterisk (*) identifies sulcus for vascular structures (see text).Published as part of <i>Forasiepi, Analía M., MacPhee, Ross D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Schmidt, Gabriela I., Amson, Eli & Grohé, Camille, 2016, Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications, pp. 1-77 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (404)</i> on page 24, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-404.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5379729">http://zenodo.org/record/5379729</a>
FIG. 1 in Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications
No full textFIG. 1. Geographical and stratigraphic context: A, location of Río Seco de la Última Aguada, north-central Mendoza, Argentina; B, integrated stratigraphic column, Río Seco de la Última Aguada, Huayquerías del Este. Huayqueriana cf. H. cristata IANIGLA-PV 29 was recovered from lower levels of Huayquerías Formation (Late Miocene; Huayquerian) exposed along river gorge.Published as part of <i>Forasiepi, Analía M., MacPhee, Ross D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Schmidt, Gabriela I., Amson, Eli & Grohé, Camille, 2016, Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications, pp. 1-77 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (404)</i> on page 6, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-404.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5379729">http://zenodo.org/record/5379729</a>
FIG. 29 in Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications
No full textFIG. 29. Box plot depicting ratio of temporalis canal width to skull length in fore- and hindgut fermenters (pooled as such). Foregut and hindgut fermenters are not significantly different, whether data were analyzed all together as here or pooled by family (see fig. 30 and appendix 3).Published as part of <i>Forasiepi, Analía M., MacPhee, Ross D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Schmidt, Gabriela I., Amson, Eli & Grohé, Camille, 2016, Exceptional Skull Of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) From The Late Miocene Of Argentina: Anatomy, Systematics, And Paleobiological Implications, pp. 1-77 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (404)</i> on page 59, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-404.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5379729">http://zenodo.org/record/5379729</a>
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