12,759 research outputs found
Traffic Fatalities and Injuries: The Effect of Changes in Infrastructure and Other Trends
No full textAn analysis of how various road infrastructure improvements affect traffic-related fatalities and injuries is conducted while controlling for other factors known to affect overall safety. The road infrastructure elements analysed include total lane miles, the fraction of lane miles in different road categories (interstates, arterial, and collector roads), the average number of lanes for each road category, and lane widths for arterials and collector roads. Other variables that are controlled for in the study include total population, population age cohorts, per capita income, per capita alcohol consumption, seat-belt legislation (and seat-belt usage), and a proxy variable that represents underlying changes in medical technology. The data used is a cross-sectional time series database of U.S. states and is analysed using a fixed effects negative binomial regression that accounts for heterogeneity in the data. Data from all 50 states over 14 years is used. Results strongly refute the hypothesis that infrastructure improvements have been effective at reducing total fatalities and injuries. While controlling for other effects it is found that demographic changes in age cohorts, increased seat-belt use, reduced alcohol consumption and increases in medical technology have accounted for a large share of overall reductions in fatalities.Peer reviewe
Review of: Gualtiero Lorini and Robert B. Louden (eds.), Knowledge, Morals and Practice in Kant’s Anthropology, Palgrave-Macmillan 2018
No full textReview of: Gualtiero Lorini and Robert B. Louden (eds.), Knowledge, Morals and Practice in Kant’s Anthropology, Palgrave-Macmillan 201
Bikesharing in Philadelphia: do lower-income areas generate trips?
No full textMany bikeshare programs seek to equitably serve residents from different income strata. Experience from other cities in the US and elsewhere in the developed world suggest that bikeshare systems are used mostly by more affluent populations. In order to encourage more bikeshare usage among low-income populations, the City of Philadelphia sited docking stations in low-income neighborhoods, allowed cash payments, and provided discounts to those receiving food-stamps. We examined one-year of data for Philadelphia’s Indego bikeshare system between April 2017 and March 2018. Travel patterns were examined and suggested that bikeshare trips taken from docking stations in lower-income areas are for work commute trips. Multivariate regression models confirmed that lower-income areas generate fewer trips while controlling for other factors such as transit access and whether the station is proximate to a bicycle lane. Our results suggest that despite Indego’s efforts, more work is needed to generate bikeshare trips in lower income neighborhoods.Peer reviewe
From Theory to Practice in Road Safety Policy: Understanding Risk versus Mobility
No full textThis paper reviews theoretical issues surrounding transport safety modeling and the implications for road safety policy. The behavioral mechanisms that affect transport safety are typically not considered in safety modeling. These issues are discussed in the context of trade-offs between risk-taking, as perceived by travelers, and other mobility objectives and the attributes associated with them. This is an extension of other theoretical frameworks, such as risk compensation, and attempts to integrate some of the previous frameworks developed over the years. Various examples of behavioral adaptation to specific policies are discussed and linked to the framework. These issues are then discussed in the context of improvements to empirical work in this area and the linkage of theoretical frameworks to crash modeling, in particular the estimation and use of Crash Modification Factors. Conclusions suggest that there are many deficiencies in practice, from estimation of models to choice of effective policies. Progress is being made on the former, while the publication of practical guidance seems to have substantial lags in knowledge.Peer reviewe
Robert B. Irwin
No full text"Robert Treat Beach is the author of an article in the Montclair Times of October 25, 1932, a fine two-column article entitled 'Robert B. Irwin Has Waged Life-Long Fight to Aid Blind.'
Attitudes towards privately-owned and shared autonomous vehicles
No full textResearch on attitudes towards autonomous vehicles (AVs) shows variation across gender, age, and socio-economic factors. While previous research has emphasized specific features and qualities of AVs, little is known about how attitudinal factors shape AV acceptance across a range of AV “modes” from privately-owned AVs to AV taxis shared with strangers. With an online panel of 834 US-based participants, we examine attitudes towards AVs and sharing. An exploratory factor analysis establishes four attitudinal dimensions: technology acceptance, risk-taking, traffic regulation, and driving enjoyment. We estimate multinomial logistic regression models to examine the impact of these four factors on attitudes toward AVs, willingness to purchase AVs, willingness to use AVs as a taxi service, and willingness to share AV taxis with strangers. We find a complex relationship between psychological factors and AV attitudes. “Early adopters” of technology and those who support stricter traffic regulations are more likely to have a positive attitude about AVs, whereas those who avoid risky behavior were more likely to have a negative attitude instead of a neutral attitude. Similar patterns were found across models of purchasing, using, and sharing AVs. The results imply that people who support traffic regulations may perceive AVs as a safer transport mode than human-driven cars, while those who avoid risk-taking behavior may perceive AVs to be more dangerous. However, we find that a large fraction of the population is not yet ready to use an AV with no driver, and overall reluctance to share a ride in an AV taxi.Peer reviewe
Employment accessibility and rising seas
No full textRecent projections suggest worst-case scenarios of more than six ft (1.8 m) of global mean sea-level rise by end of century, progressively making coastal flood events more frequent and more severe. The impact on transportation systems along coastal regions is likely to be substantial. An analysis of impacts for Atlantic and Cape May counties in southern New Jersey is conducted. The impact on accessibility to employment is analyzed using a dataset of sea-level increases merged with road network (TIGER) data and Census data on population and employment. Using measures of accessibility, it is shown how access will be reduced at the block-group level. An additional analysis of low and high income quartiles suggest that lower-income block groups will have greater reductions in accessibility. The implication is that increasing sea levels will have large impacts on people and the economy, and large populations will have access to employment disrupted well before their own properties or places of employment may begin to flood (assuming no adaptation).Peer reviewe
Gualtiero Lorini y Robert B. Louden (eds.) : Knowledge, Morals an Practice in Kant´s Anthropology, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018
No full textEl trabajo reseña el libro editado en 2018 por Gualtiero Lorini y Robert Louden titulado "Knowledge, Morals and Practice in Kant´s Anthropology" (Palgrave/Macmillan) que compila artículos que exploran la antropología de Immanuel Kant, atienden a sus fuentes, a su vínculo con la filosofía trascendental y a sus aspectos sistemáticos
Analysis of distance and time perceptions for walking trips: New Jersey statewide pedestrian survey
No full textIn 2017, the Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center (VTC) undertook a study to understand the factors that influence a person’s decision to walk, bicycle, drive, or take public transportation for a given trip. The study was particularly interested in understanding how often residents are driving for seemingly walkable trips and what factors can be attributed to this decision. The study relies primarily on data gathered through intercept surveys conducted throughout the summer of 2017. Survey data was supplemented with environmental data collected from each location. The report aims to provide an understanding of influences on mode choice and seeks to identify opportunities to promote more walking for shorter trips.
The last pedestrian behavior study conducted by VTC was undertaken in 2009. While the survey methodology has evolved, several survey questions were repeated in order to identify changes in walking behavior over the last eight years.
The report is broken down into three sections. First, a summary of findings across all survey locations provides a general overview of the attitudes and behaviors witnessed across the state. The second section analyzes the data collected for each location and includes maps of the locations utilized on each survey. Lastly, conclusions are drawn from the data to inform policies related to changing transportation habits and encouraging walking for short trips in communities around the state
Spatial associations of dockless shared e-scooter usage
No full textIn this study, we explore the usage of e-scooter sharing services in Austin, Texas over about a six-month period. The study is based on trip records of all the shared e-scooter operators in Austin and includes trip start and end locations. We use both analysis of trip patterns and spatial regression techniques to examine how the built environment, land use, and demographics affect e-scooter trip generation. Our findings show that people use e-scooters almost exclusively in central Austin. Commuting does not seem to be the main trip purpose, and usage of e-scooters is associated with areas with high employment rates, and in areas with bicycle infrastructure. People use e-scooter sharing regardless of the affluence of the neighborhood, although less affluent areas with high usage rates have large student populations, suggesting that students use this mode of travel. Implications for planners suggest that better bicycle infrastructure will facilitate e-scooter usage, college towns are a ready market for e-scooter sharing services, and e-scooters may be a substitute for some short non-work trips, reducing car usage, and benefiting the environment.Peer reviewe
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