179,389 research outputs found
Randomized controlled trial of the pentax aws(r), glidescope(r), and macintosh laryngoscopes in predicted difficult intubation
No full textBackground. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for the Pentax AWS (R) and the Glidescope (R) to reduce the difficulty of tracheal intubation in patients at increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation, in a randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Methods. Seventy-five consenting patients presenting for surgery requiring tracheal intubation, and who were deemed to possess characteristics indicating an increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation, were randomly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh, AWS (R), or Glidescope (R) laryngoscope (n=25 patients per group). All patients were intubated by one of three anaesthetists experienced in the use of each laryngoscope.
Results. Both the Glidescope (R) and the AWS (R) significantly reduced the intubation difficulty score compared with the Macintosh. The rate of successful tracheal intubation was lower with the Macintosh (84%) compared with the Glidescope (R) (96%) or the AWS (R) (100%). There were no differences in the duration of tracheal intubation attempts between the devices. Both the Glidescope (R) and the AWS (R) significantly reduced the need for additional manoeuvres and improved the Cormack and Lehane view obtained at laryngoscopy, compared with the Macintosh. Tracheal intubation with the AWS (R) but not the Glidescope (R) reduced the degree of haemodynamic stimulation compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope.
Conclusions. The AWS (R) and the Glidescope (R) laryngoscopes reduced the difficulty of tracheal intubation to a similar extent compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, in patients at increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation
Randomized controlled trial of the pentax aws(r), glidescope(r), and macintosh laryngoscopes in predicted difficult intubation
No full textBackground. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for the Pentax AWS (R) and the Glidescope (R) to reduce the difficulty of tracheal intubation in patients at increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation, in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Methods. Seventy-five consenting patients presenting for surgery requiring tracheal intubation, and who were deemed to possess characteristics indicating an increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation, were randomly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh, AWS (R), or Glidescope (R) laryngoscope (n=25 patients per group). All patients were intubated by one of three anaesthetists experienced in the use of each laryngoscope. Results. Both the Glidescope (R) and the AWS (R) significantly reduced the intubation difficulty score compared with the Macintosh. The rate of successful tracheal intubation was lower with the Macintosh (84%) compared with the Glidescope (R) (96%) or the AWS (R) (100%). There were no differences in the duration of tracheal intubation attempts between the devices. Both the Glidescope (R) and the AWS (R) significantly reduced the need for additional manoeuvres and improved the Cormack and Lehane view obtained at laryngoscopy, compared with the Macintosh. Tracheal intubation with the AWS (R) but not the Glidescope (R) reduced the degree of haemodynamic stimulation compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. Conclusions. The AWS (R) and the Glidescope (R) laryngoscopes reduced the difficulty of tracheal intubation to a similar extent compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, in patients at increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation.peer-reviewe
Comparison of macintosh, truview evo2(r), glidescope(r), and airwayscope(r) laryngoscope use in patients with cervical spine immobilization
No full textBackground. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pentax AWS (R), Glidescope (R), and the Truview EVO2 (R), in comparison with the Macintosh laryngoscope, when performing tracheal intubation in patients with neck immobilization using manual in-line axial cervical spine stabilization. One hundred and twenty consenting patients presenting for surgery requiring tracheal intubation were randomly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh (n=30), Glidescope (R) (n=30), Truview EVO2 (R) (n=30), or AWS (R) (n=30) laryngoscope. All patients were intubated by one of the three anaesthetists experienced in the use of each laryngoscope. The Glidescope (R), AWS (R), and Truview EVO2 (R) each reduced the intubation difficulty score (IDS), improved the Cormack and Lehane glottic view, and reduced the need for optimization manoeuvres, compared with the Macintosh. The mean IDS was significantly lower with the Glidescope (R) and AWS (R) compared with the Truview EVO2 (R) device, and the IDS was lowest with the AWS (R). The duration of tracheal intubation attempts was significantly shorter with the Macintosh compared with the other devices. There were no differences in success rates between the devices tested. The AWS (R) produced the least haemodynamic stimulation. The Glidescope (R) and AWS (R) laryngoscopes required more time but reduced intubation difficulty and improved glottic view over the Macintosh laryngoscope more than the Truview EVO2 (R) laryngoscope when used in patients undergoing cervical spine immobilization.peer-reviewe
Comparison of macintosh, truview evo2(r), glidescope(r), and airwayscope(r) laryngoscope use in patients with cervical spine immobilization
No full textBackground. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pentax AWS (R), Glidescope (R), and the Truview EVO2 (R), in comparison with the Macintosh laryngoscope, when performing tracheal intubation in patients with neck immobilization using manual in-line axial cervical spine stabilization.
One hundred and twenty consenting patients presenting for surgery requiring tracheal intubation were randomly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh (n=30), Glidescope (R) (n=30), Truview EVO2 (R) (n=30), or AWS (R) (n=30) laryngoscope. All patients were intubated by one of the three anaesthetists experienced in the use of each laryngoscope.
The Glidescope (R), AWS (R), and Truview EVO2 (R) each reduced the intubation difficulty score (IDS), improved the Cormack and Lehane glottic view, and reduced the need for optimization manoeuvres, compared with the Macintosh. The mean IDS was significantly lower with the Glidescope (R) and AWS (R) compared with the Truview EVO2 (R) device, and the IDS was lowest with the AWS (R). The duration of tracheal intubation attempts was significantly shorter with the Macintosh compared with the other devices. There were no differences in success rates between the devices tested. The AWS (R) produced the least haemodynamic stimulation.
The Glidescope (R) and AWS (R) laryngoscopes required more time but reduced intubation difficulty and improved glottic view over the Macintosh laryngoscope more than the Truview EVO2 (R) laryngoscope when used in patients undergoing cervical spine immobilization
Comparison of the glidescope(r), the pentax aws(r), and the truview evo2(r) with the macintosh laryngoscope in experienced anaesthetists: a manikin study
No full textBackground. The Pentax Airwayscope (R), the Glidescope (R), and the Truview EVO2 (R) constitute three novel laryngoscopes that facilitate visualization of the vocal cords without alignment of the oral, pharyngeal, and tracheal axes. We compared these devices with the Macintosh laryngoscope in a simulated easy and difficult laryngoscopy.
Methods. Thirty-five experienced anaesthetists were allowed up to three attempts to intubate in each of four laryngoscopy scenarios in a Laerdal (R) SimMan (R) manikin. The time required to perform tracheal intubation, the success rate, number of intubation attempts and of optimization manoeuvres, and the severity of dental compression were recorded.
Results. In the simulated easy laryngoscopy scenarios, there was no difference between the study devices and the Macintosh in success of tracheal intubation. In more difficult tracheal intubation scenarios, the Glidescope (R) and Pentax AWS (R), and to a lesser extent the Truview EVO2 (R) laryngoscope demonstrated advantages over the Macintosh laryngoscope including a better view of the glottis, greater success of tracheal intubation, and ease of device use. The Pentax AWS (R) was more successful in achieving tracheal intubation, required less time to successfully perform tracheal intubation, caused less dental trauma, and was considered by the anaesthetists to be easier to use.
Conclusions. The Pentax AWS (R) laryngoscope demonstrated more advantages over the Macintosh laryngoscope than either the Truview EVO2 (R) or the Glidescope (R) laryngoscope, when used by experienced anaesthetists in difficult tracheal intubation scenarios
Comparison of the glidescope(r), the pentax aws(r), and the truview evo2(r) with the macintosh laryngoscope in experienced anaesthetists: a manikin study
No full textBackground. The Pentax Airwayscope (R), the Glidescope (R), and the Truview EVO2 (R) constitute three novel laryngoscopes that facilitate visualization of the vocal cords without alignment of the oral, pharyngeal, and tracheal axes. We compared these devices with the Macintosh laryngoscope in a simulated easy and difficult laryngoscopy. Methods. Thirty-five experienced anaesthetists were allowed up to three attempts to intubate in each of four laryngoscopy scenarios in a Laerdal (R) SimMan (R) manikin. The time required to perform tracheal intubation, the success rate, number of intubation attempts and of optimization manoeuvres, and the severity of dental compression were recorded. Results. In the simulated easy laryngoscopy scenarios, there was no difference between the study devices and the Macintosh in success of tracheal intubation. In more difficult tracheal intubation scenarios, the Glidescope (R) and Pentax AWS (R), and to a lesser extent the Truview EVO2 (R) laryngoscope demonstrated advantages over the Macintosh laryngoscope including a better view of the glottis, greater success of tracheal intubation, and ease of device use. The Pentax AWS (R) was more successful in achieving tracheal intubation, required less time to successfully perform tracheal intubation, caused less dental trauma, and was considered by the anaesthetists to be easier to use. Conclusions. The Pentax AWS (R) laryngoscope demonstrated more advantages over the Macintosh laryngoscope than either the Truview EVO2 (R) or the Glidescope (R) laryngoscope, when used by experienced anaesthetists in difficult tracheal intubation scenarios.peer-reviewe
Gene pyramids and the balancing act of keeping pests at bay
No full textPyramiding R genes is a common strategy used by breeders to enhance resistance and increase durability of resistance in crops. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate R gene interactions are not known. Kamphuis et al. (2019) analyzed Medicago truncatula plants carrying two genes that confer resistance to bluegreen aphids. They identified a potential phytohormone crosstalk triggered by the combined R gene action in response to aphid feeding that enhances resistance and minimizes R gene-associated fitness costs to the plant.This article is published as MacIntosh, Gustavo C. "Gene pyramids and the balancing act of keeping pests at bay." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 18 (2019): 4591-4593. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz216. © The Author(s) 2019.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Teaching tracheal intubation: Airtraq is superior to Macintosh laryngoscope
No full textBackground: Tracheal intubation with Macintosh laryngoscope is taught to medical students as it is a lifesaving procedure. However, it is a difficult technique to learn and the consequences of intubation failure are potentially serious. The Airtraq optical laryngoscope is a relatively novel intubation device, which allows visualization of the glottic plane without alignment of the oral, pharyngeal, and tracheal axes, possessing advantages over Macintosh for novice personnel. We introduced a teaching mode featured with a progressive evaluation scheme for preparation and performance of tracheal intubation with medical students in this prospective randomized crossover trial who had no prior airway management experience to find the superior one. Methods: Twenty-six medical students of the 8-year programme in the 6th year participated in this trial, when they did their one-week rotation in the department of anaesthesiology. Each of the students intubated 6 patients, who were scheduled for surgeries under general anaesthesia, each laryngoscope for 3 patients respectively. One hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients scheduled for surgical procedures requiring tracheal intubation were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to undergo tracheal intubation using Macintosh (n = 75) or Airtraq (n = 74) laryngoscope. The progressive evaluation scheme was applied to each intubation attempt. Results: Intubation success rate was significantly higher in Airtraq group than Macintosh group (87.8% vs. 66.7%, P < 0.05). Duration of glottis exposure was significantly shorter in Airtraq group compared to Macintosh group (50 +/- 19 s vs. 81 +/- 27 s, P < 0.001). A grade I Cormack and Lehane glottic view was obtained in 94.6% of patients in the Airtraq group versus 32% of patients in the Macintosh group (P < 0.001). Duration of intubation in Airtraq group was significantly shorter (68 +/- 21 s vs. 96 +/- 22 s, P < 0.05) compared to Macintosh group. Conclusions: Airtraq laryngoscope is easier to master for novice personnel with a higher intubation success rate and shorter intubation duration compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000339516200001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Education & Educational ResearchEducation, Scientific DisciplinesSCI(E)[email protected]
Comparison of seven videolaryngoscopes with the Macintosh laryngoscope in manikins by experienced and novice personnel
No full textVideolaryngoscopy is often reserved for anticipated' difficult airways, but thereby can result in a higher overall rate of complications. We observed 65 anaesthetists, 67 residents in anaesthesia, 56 paramedics and 65 medical students, intubating the trachea of a standardised manikin model with a normal airway using seven devices: Macintosh classic laryngoscope, Airtraq((R)), Storz C-MAC((R)), Coopdech VLP-100((R)), Storz C-MAC D-Blade((R)), GlideScope Cobalt((R)), McGrath Series5((R)) and Pentax AWS((R))) in random order. Time to and proportion of successful intubation, complications and user satisfaction were compared. All groups were fastest using devices with a Macintosh-type blade. All groups needed significantly more attempts using the Airtraq and Pentax AWS (all p <0.05). Devices with a Macintosh-type blade (classic laryngoscope and C-MAC) scored highest in user satisfaction. Our results underline the importance of variability in device performance across individuals and staff groups, which have important implications for which devices hospital providers should rationally purchase
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Implementing the expert system on the Macintosh
No full textIn this research paper, a ported development support tool, the MacExpert, for implementing an expert system on Macintosh will be introduced. This application is designed to allow its user to develop an expert system in a simple and user-friendly environment, the Macintosh personal computers, yet with adequate power
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