1,008 research outputs found
Self-other factors in a psycho-developmental model of psychosis vulnerability
No full textSchizotypy is a theoretical construct posited in the 1950s to study psychosis vulnerability in the domains of social relatedness (negative schizotypy), self-experiences (disorganized schizotypy), and meaning making processes (positive schizotypy). Since the mid-20th century, schizotypy has generated extensive research supporting its validity in representing a psychosis vulnerability construct. However, a developmental model of psychosis vulnerability based on schizotypy is yet to be formulated. The thesis presents a developmental model of psychosis vulnerability based on two lifespan theories of affect regulation: attachment and mentalization. Attachment refers to the capacity to form emotional bonds facilitating a sense of security in the world and mentalization refers to the capacity to reflect on self-experiences to make sense of the self and the world, implicating such capacities as increasing the risk of psychosis development. The thesis formulated a developmental model of schizotypy that was then tested empirically by exploring the relationships between different dimensions of psychosis vulnerability, attachment and mentalization in order to understand a specific pathway to psychotic decompensation rooted in self-other processing.
The assessment of the theoretical model involved a systematic review and four interlinked studies. The associations between mentalizing difficulties in understanding affective self-experiences and schizophrenia and psychosis vulnerability were systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed in Chapter 2. The primary research consisted of two cross-sectional studies (Chapters 4 and 6), a 2-wave cohort study (Chapter 5), and an experience sampling study (Chapter 7), all using self-report assessments.
Participants were recruited from the general population and sample characteristics suggested that the examined phenomena related to psychosis vulnerability were well represented across the samples. In Chapter 4, a cross-sectional model was estimated via structural equation modeling to evaluate the extent to which theoretically defined associations between the dimensions of psychosis vulnerability, attachment, mentalization, and negative affect fitted the observed data from a sample of n = 1263. Chapter 4 was the baseline study, from which the rest of the study samples were derived. In Chapter 5, the theoretical model was cross-validated
contemporaneously and temporally via network modeling methods based on n = 312 participants who took part in the 6-month follow-up assessment. Chapter 6 presents an exploratory cross-sectional study (n = 416) based on the gaps identified in the systematic review of Chapter 2, estimating the differential associations between the dimensions of psychosis vulnerability, mentalizing capacity, and negative affect using a cross-sectional network model. Finally, Chapter 7 utilized an experience sampling design (n =43) to model the concurrent and cross-lagged associations between psychotic experiences, mentalization, and anxiety based on a structured self-report assessment with 56 measurement occasions in total.
The findings of the studies collectively showed that mentalizing capacity is robustly associated with psychosis vulnerability and is implicated in maintaining psychotic experiences. Cross-sectionally, mentalizing difficulties – defined as mental state uncertainty – exerted the influences of childhood trauma, negative schizotypy, and depression on self-experiences denoted by disorganized schizotypy and attachment disorganization (Chapter 4). In a subsequent study, temporal modeling indicated that disorganized schizotypy predicted uncertainty about mental states, which in turn predicted positive schizotypy (e.g., magical ideation and perceptual aberrations) and negative schizotypy across a 6-month period. Contrary to the theoretical model, psychosis vulnerability conferred risk for higher indices in attachment insecurity and disorganization (Chapter 5). A cross-sectional network model suggested that difficulty in identifying affective self-experiences was the most central variable connecting negative affect to psychosis vulnerability (Chapter 6). Furthermore, difficulties in identifying and expressing affective self-experiences were implicated in the persistence of psychotic experiences (Chapter 7).
In summary, the thesis presents a theoretical model for conceptualizing psychosis vulnerability from a developmental perspective and provides empirical support for the theoretical model based on findings from meta-analytic, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and momentary assessment studies. The evidence presented suggests that mentalization links psychosis vulnerability to psychotic experiences via negative affective reactivity to stress, while difficulties in reflective forms of mentalizing and disorganization in the attachment system may be maintained by schizotypal disorganization. Among the psychosis vulnerability dimensions, disorganized schizotypy has been a neglected domain in theory, research, and practice. The thesis identifies schizotypal disorganization as a central dimension of psychosis vulnerability in conferring risk for the development of psychotic experiences. Interventions that facilitate mentalizing capacity may mitigate the risk of psychosis by enhancing the coherence and organization of narrative self-experience and fostering resilience against distress
Exploring associations between maternal smartphone use and mother-infant synchrony from a dynamic systems perspective
Full text linkDyadic behavioural synchrony is one of a number of complex bidirectional processes that take place within interactions between a mother and her infant. In the first year of life, when an infant is still prelinguistic, processes such as dyadic synchrony are used to enable the dyad to communicate with each other through shared behaviour and affect, including mutual gaze and touch, facial affect, and vocal intonations. Dyadic synchrony has been observed to emerge in infants as young as 3 months old, typically developing further between 3–9 months old. Dyadic synchrony is a bidirectional process, requiring reciprocal communication from both partners. As such, breakdowns in synchrony, from either infant or mother, can have implications for the development of a positive relationship.
Such breakdowns have been suggested to occur when mothers habitually use their smartphones in the presence of their child. Studies have found that mothers with children aged 0–5 years old who frequently use their phones, may demonstrate less maternal sensitivity and are less likely to respond to their child’s bids for attention than mothers who use their phones less often. This phenomenon of unresponsiveness to proximal relationships has been termed ‘technoference’ a concept describing interruptions to everyday interactions due to the use of digital technology. Crucially, while some recent quantitative research has shown that caregiver smartphone use may have an impact on both infants’ cognitive and social-emotional development, very little evidence is currently available regarding the impacts of parental smartphone use on infants under 12 months old.
This thesis explores the impacts of maternal smartphone use on mother-infant dyadic synchrony when the infant is aged between 3–9 months old. Specifically, the objectives of this thesis are to i) synthesise known risk and protective factors that may influence dyadic synchrony in this age range; ii) evaluate the potential additional risk posed by maternal smartphone use on mother-infant interaction processes; and iii) explore the impact maternal smartphone use has on dyadic synchrony within the mother-infant dyad. To fulfil the thesis objectives, three studies were undertaken.
The first study was a systematic review synthesising risk and protective factors for dyadic synchrony in mother-infant dyads where the infant was aged between 3–9 months old. In total, 28 studies were included in the review. Systematic evaluation highlighted four main areas of influence on dyadic synchrony: i) infant demographics; ii) physiological factors; iii) maternal mental health; and iv) miscellaneous factors such as the immigrant experience, maternal playful singing, and the mother’s perception of being parented herself. Results suggest that social determinants of health, underpinned by biological factors, are likely to influence the development of dyadic behavioural synchrony in mothers and their infants aged 3–9 months old.
The second study explored associations between risk and protective factors for dyadic synchrony in mothers and their infants aged 3–9 months old, as well as the addition of maternal smartphone use as a potential additional risk factor. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, recruiting 450 mothers from across the UK. As dyadic synchrony is a complex behavioural process and difficult to capture through static self-report measures, an outcome variable of mother-infant responsiveness was used to proxy behavioural synchrony within the dyad. Data from this cross-sectional survey was used in two forms of analysis, as outlined below.
Analysis 1 employed hierarchical multiple linear regression to explore the interactions between predictor and outcome variables. The results of this analysis suggested that the likelihood of the mother using her smartphone in the presence of her infant was negatively associated with mother-infant responsiveness. This association, however, was observed only in specific parenting domains, specifically during daily hygiene practices such as getting the baby ready for the day, bathtime, or nappy changes. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study, no directionality can be assumed, however a relationship between lower mother-infant responsiveness and likelihood of using a smartphone during sensitive parenting practices suggests that maternal support, including education focusing on navigating infant care and smartphone use is needed in the perinatal stage.
Analysis 2 used a person-centered cluster analysis to explore the psychological risk profiles of mother-infant dyads to further understand their support needs. The results of this analysis identified three clusters of mothers with unique psychological profiles.
Cluster 1 comprised mothers who self-reported high infant social emotional development concerns, high likelihood of maternal smartphone use, and low mother-infant responsiveness. Cluster 2 comprised mothers who self-reported high maternal depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, low social support, high likelihood of maternal smartphone use, and low mother-infant responsiveness. Importantly, no significant differences were found in the self-reports of mothers in Cluster 1 and 2 in their levels of perceived mother-infant responsiveness, nor in their likelihood of using their device in the presence of their infant. Cluster 3 represented almost 50% of the sample and displayed a low risk profile, with mothers self-reporting high levels of mother-infant responsiveness, low likelihood of smartphone use, high maternal wellbeing and social support, low depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and low levels of perceived infant social emotional difficulties. Cluster 1 and 2 both reported significantly higher smartphone use and significantly lower mother-infant responsiveness than the low-risk Cluster 3. As the risk profiles of Clusters 1 and 2 were uniquely different, this suggests that both perceived infant social emotional developmental issues (as seen in Cluster 1) as well as poor maternal mental health (as seen in Cluster 2), are associated with a higher likelihood of smartphone use, as well as lower mother-infant responsiveness. These results, taken as a whole, suggest that mother-infant dyads whose risk profiles contain either maternal or infant mental health difficulties are at heightened risk for problematic smartphone use and support should be tailored to individual dyads’ mental health needs.
The final study of this thesis utilised a modified experimental paradigm called the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP) to explore how maternal smartphone use may impact mother-infant dyadic synchrony in infants aged between 3–6 months old. Experimental conditions during the modified still face (SF) phases comprised of the mother using the smartphone for both i) audio call and ii) text conversation, while not interacting with her infant. Both mother and infant’s affective behaviours were coded in the initial free play (FP) phase as well as reunion (RU) phases following the period of smartphone use. A dynamic systems approach to measurement was employed to capture both mother and infant’s behaviour, as well as the behaviour of the dyad as a single system. Two outcome variables were reported comprising i) flexibility and ii) synchronous negative affect. The results of this study suggest that flexibility within
the dyad was significantly higher in RU phases compared to the FP phase, indicating that the mother and infant recognised the interruption caused by the smartphone use as a stressful event and therefore needed to employ a wider range of behavioural strategies to co-regulate their proceeding interaction. In terms of synchronous negative affect, a significant difference was observed between all three conditions, with both RU phases reporting higher synchronous negative affect than the FP phase, and further RU after texting reporting higher synchronous negative affect than RU after audio call. These results suggest that both mother and infant were significantly more likely to employ negative behavioural affective strategies simultaneously after an interruption of smartphone use, with even more instances of synchronous negative affect after the mother used the phone to text compared to taking an audio phone call. Such synchronous negative affect may be the result of the mother using co-regulation strategies to join the baby in their distress, validating their response to the stressful event. It may also signify that after texting, co-regulation becomes more difficult, with mothers potentially finding it harder to join the baby and becoming emotionally overstimulated themselves by the increase in negative affect within the dyad.
Across the thesis’ studies, social determinants of health, coupled with biological factors, were identified as risk factors for both development of dyadic synchrony as well as for heightened problematic smartphone use. Further, the modality of maternal smartphone use may have implications for the development of interactions within the dyad. The key findings in this study point to the need for increased education support, at a population level, and during the perinatal period to enhance mothers’ understanding of smartphone use as a potential risk to the developing relationship with their infant. Future research should be directed towards more naturalistic empirical studies, capturing how and why mothers use their phones in their daily life. Further, longitudinal studies should be employed to understand the long-term influences that maternal smartphone use may have on the development of relational processes between mother and infant. In addition to widened quantitative studies, qualitative research working in partnership with mothers should be carried out to understand the education and support needs of mothers with young infants in this age range
MacBeth Playbill
Full text linkProvidence College Department of Theatre, Dance and Film
Angell Blackfriars Theatre
MacBeth
Written by William Shakespeare
April 19-23, 1996
Directed by John Garrity
Scenery and Costumes designed by David Costa Cabral
Lighting designed by Christopher Brown
Fight Choreography by Normand Beauregard
Dance Choreography by Wendy Oliver
Original music composed and performed by Mary Casale
Cast: First Witch – Stacey Lynn Cloutman, Second Witch – Abigail Christian, Third Witch – Stephanie Kraus, Rebel Army – Thomas Gregory Broderick, Kevin Casey, Amanda Blake Davis, Christopher Motta, Karen O’Connor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Heath A. Tiberio, Banquo, A Lord – Dan Lesho, MacBeth, Thane of Glamis – Stephen Cabral, Malcolm, Elder Son of Duncan – Brian Patrick Gorman, Duncan, King of Scotland – John J. McNiff, Donalbain, Son of Duncan – Christopher Saulnier, Lennox, A Lord – Stephen Radochia, Ross, A Lord – Russell Berrigan, Angus, A Scottish Noble – Roberta MacIvor, MacDuff, Thane of Fire – Chris Perrotti, Fleance, Son of Banquo – Michael Sablone, Menteith, A Lord – Heath A. Tiberio, Caithness, A Lord – Thomas Gregory Broderick, A Scottish Noble – Kerrie Lynn Diana, Holy Woman – Jeanine Cappello, Lady Macbeth – Megan Gibbons, Messenger – Amanda Blake Davis, Porter – Kevin Casey, Seyton – Stephen Schonhoff, Gentlewoman – Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Servant to Lady Macbeth – Elizabeth Brady, 1st Murderer – Brian E. Canell, 2nd Murderer – Christopher Motta, 1st Apparition – Karen O’Connor, 2nd Apparition – Elizabeth Brady, 3rd Apparition – Amanda Blake Davis, Eight Kings – Jessica Billings, Thomas Gregory Broderick, Brian E. Canell, Brian Patrick Gorman, Roberta MacIvor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Christopher Saulnier, Heath A. Tiberio, Lady MacDuff – Beth Ford, Young MacDuff – Ethan Epstein, Soldiers – Christopher Motta and Kevin Casey, Doctor – Jessica Billings, Siward, An English Lord – Christopher Motta, Messenger – Karen O’Connorhttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/macbeth_pubs/1000/thumbnail.jp
MacBeth Playbill
No full textProvidence College Department of Theatre, Dance and Film
Angell Blackfriars Theatre
MacBeth
Written by William Shakespeare
April 19-23, 1996
Directed by John Garrity
Scenery and Costumes designed by David Costa Cabral
Lighting designed by Christopher Brown
Fight Choreography by Normand Beauregard
Dance Choreography by Wendy Oliver
Original music composed and performed by Mary Casale
Cast: First Witch – Stacey Lynn Cloutman, Second Witch – Abigail Christian, Third Witch – Stephanie Kraus, Rebel Army – Thomas Gregory Broderick, Kevin Casey, Amanda Blake Davis, Christopher Motta, Karen O’Connor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Heath A. Tiberio, Banquo, A Lord – Dan Lesho, MacBeth, Thane of Glamis – Stephen Cabral, Malcolm, Elder Son of Duncan – Brian Patrick Gorman, Duncan, King of Scotland – John J. McNiff, Donalbain, Son of Duncan – Christopher Saulnier, Lennox, A Lord – Stephen Radochia, Ross, A Lord – Russell Berrigan, Angus, A Scottish Noble – Roberta MacIvor, MacDuff, Thane of Fire – Chris Perrotti, Fleance, Son of Banquo – Michael Sablone, Menteith, A Lord – Heath A. Tiberio, Caithness, A Lord – Thomas Gregory Broderick, A Scottish Noble – Kerrie Lynn Diana, Holy Woman – Jeanine Cappello, Lady Macbeth – Megan Gibbons, Messenger – Amanda Blake Davis, Porter – Kevin Casey, Seyton – Stephen Schonhoff, Gentlewoman – Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Servant to Lady Macbeth – Elizabeth Brady, 1st Murderer – Brian E. Canell, 2nd Murderer – Christopher Motta, 1st Apparition – Karen O’Connor, 2nd Apparition – Elizabeth Brady, 3rd Apparition – Amanda Blake Davis, Eight Kings – Jessica Billings, Thomas Gregory Broderick, Brian E. Canell, Brian Patrick Gorman, Roberta MacIvor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Christopher Saulnier, Heath A. Tiberio, Lady MacDuff – Beth Ford, Young MacDuff – Ethan Epstein, Soldiers – Christopher Motta and Kevin Casey, Doctor – Jessica Billings, Siward, An English Lord – Christopher Motta, Messenger – Karen O’Connorhttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/macbeth_pubs/1000/thumbnail.jp
MacBeth Production Photos
No full textProvidence College Department of Theatre, Dance and Film
Angell Blackfriars Theatre
MacBeth
Written by William Shakespeare
April 19-23, 1996
Directed by John Garrity
Scenery and Costumes designed by David Costa Cabral
Lighting designed by Christopher Brown
Fight Choreography by Normand Beauregard
Dance Choreography by Wendy Oliver
Original music composed and performed by Mary Casale
Cast:First Witch – Stacey Lynn Cloutman, Second Witch – Abigail Christian, Third Witch – Stephanie Kraus, Rebel Army – Thomas Gregory Broderick, Kevin Casey, Amanda Blake Davis, Christopher Motta, Karen O’Connor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Heath A. Tiberio, Banquo, A Lord – Dan Lesho, MacBeth, Thane of Glamis – Stephen Cabral, Malcolm, Elder Son of Duncan – Brian Patrick Gorman, Duncan, King of Scotland – John J. McNiff, Donalbain, Son of Duncan – Christopher Saulnier, Lennox, A Lord – Stephen Radochia, Ross, A Lord – Russell Berrigan, Angus, A Scottish Noble – Roberta MacIvor, MacDuff, Thane of Fire – Chris Perrotti, Fleance, Son of Banquo – Michael Sablone, Menteith, A Lord – Heath A. Tiberio, Caithness, A Lord – Thomas Gregory Broderick, A Scottish Noble – Kerrie Lynn Diana, Holy Woman – Jeanine Cappello, Lady Macbeth – Megan Gibbons, Messenger – Amanda Blake Davis, Porter – Kevin Casey, Seyton – Stephen Schonhoff, Gentlewoman – Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Servant to Lady Macbeth – Elizabeth Brady, 1st Murderer – Brian E. Canell, 2nd Murderer – Christopher Motta, 1st Apparition – Karen O’Connor, 2nd Apparition – Elizabeth Brady, 3rd Apparition – Amanda Blake Davis, Eight Kings – Jessica Billings, Thomas Gregory Broderick, Brian E. Canell, Brian Patrick Gorman, Roberta MacIvor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Christopher Saulnier, Heath A. Tiberio, Lady MacDuff – Beth Ford, Young MacDuff – Ethan Epstein, Soldiers – Christopher Motta and Kevin Casey, Doctor – Jessica Billings, Siward, An English Lord – Christopher Motta, Messenger – Karen O’Connorhttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/macbeth_photos/1000/thumbnail.jp
MacBeth Production Photo
No full textProvidence College Department of Theatre, Dance and Film
Angell Blackfriars Theatre
MacBeth
Written by William Shakespeare
April 19-23, 1996
Directed by John Garrity
Scenery and Costumes designed by David Costa Cabral
Lighting designed by Christopher Brown
Fight Choreography by Normand Beauregard
Dance Choreography by Wendy Oliver
Original music composed and performed by Mary Casale
Cast: First Witch – Stacey Lynn Cloutman, Second Witch – Abigail Christian, Third Witch – Stephanie Kraus, Rebel Army – Thomas Gregory Broderick, Kevin Casey, Amanda Blake Davis, Christopher Motta, Karen O’Connor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Heath A. Tiberio, Banquo, A Lord – Dan Lesho, MacBeth, Thane of Glamis – Stephen Cabral, Malcolm, Elder Son of Duncan – Brian Patrick Gorman, Duncan, King of Scotland – John J. McNiff, Donalbain, Son of Duncan – Christopher Saulnier, Lennox, A Lord – Stephen Radochia, Ross, A Lord – Russell Berrigan, Angus, A Scottish Noble – Roberta MacIvor, MacDuff, Thane of Fire – Chris Perrotti, Fleance, Son of Banquo – Michael Sablone, Menteith, A Lord – Heath A. Tiberio, Caithness, A Lord – Thomas Gregory Broderick, A Scottish Noble – Kerrie Lynn Diana, Holy Woman – Jeanine Cappello, Lady Macbeth – Megan Gibbons, Messenger – Amanda Blake Davis, Porter – Kevin Casey, Seyton – Stephen Schonhoff, Gentlewoman – Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Servant to Lady Macbeth – Elizabeth Brady, 1st Murderer – Brian E. Canell, 2nd Murderer – Christopher Motta, 1st Apparition – Karen O’Connor, 2nd Apparition – Elizabeth Brady, 3rd Apparition – Amanda Blake Davis, Eight Kings – Jessica Billings, Thomas Gregory Broderick, Brian E. Canell, Brian Patrick Gorman, Roberta MacIvor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Christopher Saulnier, Heath A. Tiberio, Lady MacDuff – Beth Ford, Young MacDuff – Ethan Epstein, Soldiers – Christopher Motta and Kevin Casey, Doctor – Jessica Billings, Siward, An English Lord – Christopher Motta, Messenger – Karen O’Connorhttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/macbeth_photos/1068/thumbnail.jp
MacBeth Production Photo
No full textProvidence College Department of Theatre, Dance and Film
Angell Blackfriars Theatre
MacBeth
Written by William Shakespeare
April 19-23, 1996
Directed by John Garrity
Scenery and Costumes designed by David Costa Cabral
Lighting designed by Christopher Brown
Fight Choreography by Normand Beauregard
Dance Choreography by Wendy Oliver
Original music composed and performed by Mary Casale
Cast: First Witch – Stacey Lynn Cloutman, Second Witch – Abigail Christian, Third Witch – Stephanie Kraus, Rebel Army – Thomas Gregory Broderick, Kevin Casey, Amanda Blake Davis, Christopher Motta, Karen O’Connor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Heath A. Tiberio, Banquo, A Lord – Dan Lesho, MacBeth, Thane of Glamis – Stephen Cabral, Malcolm, Elder Son of Duncan – Brian Patrick Gorman, Duncan, King of Scotland – John J. McNiff, Donalbain, Son of Duncan – Christopher Saulnier, Lennox, A Lord – Stephen Radochia, Ross, A Lord – Russell Berrigan, Angus, A Scottish Noble – Roberta MacIvor, MacDuff, Thane of Fire – Chris Perrotti, Fleance, Son of Banquo – Michael Sablone, Menteith, A Lord – Heath A. Tiberio, Caithness, A Lord – Thomas Gregory Broderick, A Scottish Noble – Kerrie Lynn Diana, Holy Woman – Jeanine Cappello, Lady Macbeth – Megan Gibbons, Messenger – Amanda Blake Davis, Porter – Kevin Casey, Seyton – Stephen Schonhoff, Gentlewoman – Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Servant to Lady Macbeth – Elizabeth Brady, 1st Murderer – Brian E. Canell, 2nd Murderer – Christopher Motta, 1st Apparition – Karen O’Connor, 2nd Apparition – Elizabeth Brady, 3rd Apparition – Amanda Blake Davis, Eight Kings – Jessica Billings, Thomas Gregory Broderick, Brian E. Canell, Brian Patrick Gorman, Roberta MacIvor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Christopher Saulnier, Heath A. Tiberio, Lady MacDuff – Beth Ford, Young MacDuff – Ethan Epstein, Soldiers – Christopher Motta and Kevin Casey, Doctor – Jessica Billings, Siward, An English Lord – Christopher Motta, Messenger – Karen O’Connorhttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/macbeth_photos/1068/thumbnail.jp
MacBeth Production Video
No full textProvidence College Department of Theatre, Dance and Film
Angell Blackfriars Theatre
MacBeth
Written by William Shakespeare
April 19-23, 1996
Directed by John Garrity
Scenery and Costumes designed by David Costa Cabral
Lighting designed by Christopher Brown
Fight Choreography by Normand Beauregard
Dance Choreography by Wendy Oliver
Original music composed and performed by Mary Casale
Cast: First Witch – Stacey Lynn Cloutman, Second Witch – Abigail Christian, Third Witch – Stephanie Kraus, Rebel Army – Thomas Gregory Broderick, Kevin Casey, Amanda Blake Davis, Christopher Motta, Karen O’Connor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Heath A. Tiberio, Banquo, A Lord – Dan Lesho, MacBeth, Thane of Glamis – Stephen Cabral, Malcolm, Elder Son of Duncan – Brian Patrick Gorman, Duncan, King of Scotland – John J. McNiff, Donalbain, Son of Duncan – Christopher Saulnier, Lennox, A Lord – Stephen Radochia, Ross, A Lord – Russell Berrigan, Angus, A Scottish Noble – Roberta MacIvor, MacDuff, Thane of Fire – Chris Perrotti, Fleance, Son of Banquo – Michael Sablone, Menteith, A Lord – Heath A. Tiberio, Caithness, A Lord – Thomas Gregory Broderick, A Scottish Noble – Kerrie Lynn Diana, Holy Woman – Jeanine Cappello, Lady Macbeth – Megan Gibbons, Messenger – Amanda Blake Davis, Porter – Kevin Casey, Seyton – Stephen Schonhoff, Gentlewoman – Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Servant to Lady Macbeth – Elizabeth Brady, 1st Murderer – Brian E. Canell, 2nd Murderer – Christopher Motta, 1st Apparition – Karen O’Connor, 2nd Apparition – Elizabeth Brady, 3rd Apparition – Amanda Blake Davis, Eight Kings – Jessica Billings, Thomas Gregory Broderick, Brian E. Canell, Brian Patrick Gorman, Roberta MacIvor, Jennifer A. O’Donnell, Christopher Saulnier, Heath A. Tiberio, Lady MacDuff – Beth Ford, Young MacDuff – Ethan Epstein, Soldiers – Christopher Motta and Kevin Casey, Doctor – Jessica Billings, Siward, An English Lord – Christopher Motta, Messenger – Karen O’Connor
Videographer: Ed Wardygahttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/macbeth_video/1000/thumbnail.jp
Correlates of the depression and hopelessness relationship in older adults: a systematic review and empirical investigation in a rural community sample
Full text linkBackground: Links between later life depression (LLD) and adverse health outcomes are
well-documented, with mental ill-health in rural older adults highlighted as a priority area for
health care policy. In working age adults, models of depression show that specific
psychological factors (e.g. hopelessness, neuroticism, extraversion and insecure attachment)
interact with life stress to increase risk of depression. In older adults, however, the direct
relationship between depression and hopelessness is inconsistently replicated. In addition,
there is little evidence regarding how psychological factors interact with vulnerability to
depression in older adults; and whether these factors act in the same manner as they do in
working age adults.
Objectives: A systematic review was carried out in order to determine the strength of the
depression-hopelessness relationship, and the influence of personality traits (neuroticism/
extraversion) and insecure attachment (anxious/ avoidant) on this relationship. Next, an
exploratory study was carried out to determine whether there was a direct relationship
between depression and hopelessness in rural older adults living in the community and,
secondly, whether this relationship was indirectly influenced by specific psychological
factors (e.g. neuroticism, extraversion, and attachment styles).
Methods: The systematic review was carried out using several databases (Psychinfo, Science
Direct, EBCOS, Cohrane Library, PROSPERO, WEBCAT and Google Scholar). Studies
relating to the variables of interest, meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, were reviewed
and evaluated for methodological biases. The pilot study asked older adults (N = 58) living in
a remote and rural region to complete and return a packet of self-report questionnaires (Big
Factor Inventory-10, Experiences in Close Relationships, Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Scale, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale).
Results: The systematic review identified twenty-one studies; four examining the depression-hopelessness
relationship and seventeen investigating the effects of neuroticism, extraversion
and insecure attachment styles on wellbeing, depression and/ or hopelessness. Findings from
the pilot showed a direct relationship between depression and hopelessness in rural
community dwelling older adults, with only neuroticism indirectly influencing this
relationship.
Conclusions: The systematic review suggests that it is not possible, as yet, to draw robust
conclusions from the existing evidence base regarding the influence of psychological
variables on depression and hopelessness in older adults. The findings were particularly
sensitive to methodological limitations (e.g. variability between sampling methods and small
effect sizes). Despite this, studies suggest some evidence for attachment and personality
influencing on the depression-hopelessness relationship. Likewise, findings from the pilot
study are limited by the small sample size and cross-sectional nature of the data. Preliminary
findings, however, suggest that neuroticism, and not beliefs about insecure attachment,
strengthens the relationship between depression and hopelessness in non-clinical, rural older
adults. These findings are consistent with research on working age adults and could,
potentially, represent an emerging relationship in non-clinical older adults. Further research,
however, is required as to whether the same patterns are observed in clinical populations
Complex trauma and the influence of emotional regulation and interpersonal problems: a review of Complex-PTSD and an empirical study in a prison setting
Full text linkBackground
The effects of prolonged, interpersonal trauma have long been recognised. Such traumatic
events can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but are also
associated with a range of other psychological difficulties. The forthcoming ICD-11 has
proposed the inclusion of a new diagnostic category to cover such trauma reactions, named
complex-PTSD (CPTSD). CPTSD is conceptualised as including the core elements of PTSD
with additional difficulties with affect regulation, self-concept, interpersonal relationships.
This thesis presents a systematic review of the research into the proposed CPTSD diagnosis.
In addition, this thesis investigates the association between difficulties with emotional
regulation, interpersonal problems and PTSD symptoms in a group of male prisoners, and a
male community sample.
Aims
This project aims to investigate whether the proposed CPTSD diagnosis accurately describes
the difficulties seen following complex trauma, and examines whether it is best to view
CPTSD is different from exiting disorders, including PTSD and borderline personality
disorder (BPD). In addition, it aims to investigate the association between difficulties with
emotional regulation, interpersonal problems and PTSD among men in prison.
Methods
We systematically assessed and synthesised the available research regarding the proposed
ICD-11 CPTSD diagnosis. In the second paper, data regarding PTSD, emotional regulation,
and interpersonal problems were collected from HMP Glenochil, a male-only prison in
Scotland (n=51), and matched to an existing community data set (n=46).
Results
The results of the systematic review provide partial support for the factorial validity of
CPTSD. In addition, they indicate that CPTSD can be conceptualised as distinct from both
PTSD and BPD, and that CPTSD is more closely related to prolonged interpersonal trauma
than PTSD. However, there is overlap between PTSD and CPTSD in terms of both
symptomology and aetiology. The results also indicate high levels of PTSD among male
prisoners. In addition, PTSD was found to be strongly associated difficulties with emotional
regulation, but not interpersonal problems, in the forensic sample. In the community sample
emotional regulation was a less strong predictor of PTSD symptoms, and both emotional
regulation, and interpersonal problems were associated with the severity of PTSD. Conclusions
This thesis supports the inclusion of CPTSD as a distinct diagnostic entity. Inclusion of
CPTSD may allow survivors a better understanding of the aetiology of their difficulties, and
may initiate research into effective ways of working with individuals who have experienced
complex-trauma. I addition, they demonstrate the need for trauma-informed prison services,
which prioritise the development of emotional regulation strategies in recovery and
rehabilitation
- …
