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Data and code for Liang et al. Assessing the illegal hunting of native wildlife within China
No full textThis repository contains codes and data for Liang et al. Assessing the illegal hunting of native wildlife within China. This includes two analyses. First, the prefecture-level analysis for assessing the relationships between the ecological and socio-economic variables and the intensity of illegal hunting of four terrestrial vertebrate groups (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) in China. Second, the trait-based analyses with phylogenetic logistic regression models for predicting the probability that a species is known to be illegally hunted using the species' traits for four groups
In Conversation with Daniel Liang
No full textIntroduction to Programming author Daniel Liang discusses how Revel Programming brings coding to life with interactives and the successful results he\u27s experienced in his own classroom
Physodera andrewesi Ma, Shi & Liang, 2017, sp. n.
No full textandrewesi -group The andrewesi -group contains three species: P. andrewesi (Jedlička), P. bacchusi Darlington, and P. unicolor sp. n. This species group has a rather wide and discontinuous distribution range in southeast Asia, including south Chinese continent, Taiwan Island, the Philippines, and New Guinea. (Fig. 66) The diagnostic characters of this species group are: Body form weakly convex; pronotum unicolor; elytra unicolor or with two spots near apex; tergum VII uniformly black, or with vague light pattern. Terminal labial palpomeres securiform in both sexes (Fig. 61); male sternum VII with two pairs of setae; elytral third interval with four or more setigerous pores. Aedeagus gently slender, with apical lamella short and wide, about coniform, strongly oblique to right side; internal sac with main flagellum reaching apical orifice; trumpet-form expansion small, length 0.25–0.3 times of the main flagellum; secondary flagellum short and weakly sclerotized; apical bursa present or not. (Figs. 41, 42) We consider these three species are close for the following similarities: (1) body form weakly convex; (2) elytral third and fifth interval with three or more setigerous pores; (3) tergum VII without distinct pattern; (4) aedeagal apical lamella short, about coniform. The andrewesi -group is very similar with eschscholtzii -group in color coordination, and male secondary sexual characters. But, the andrewesi -group is different from the latter species group in body form (weakly convex in andrewesi -group, strongly convex in eschscholtzii -group) and aedeagus shape (much slenderer in eschscholtzii - group).Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on page 306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/39909
Capillogryllus Xie, Zheng & Liang 2003
No full textCapillogryllus Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003 Capillogryllus Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003: 95 Type species. Capillogryllus dolabripalpis Xie & Zheng, 2003 Chinese name: füǟ Diagnosis. Body size small for Gryllinae, colour black or reddish-black. Males wingless, females wingless or with minute wing buds. Abdominal terga densely pilose. Tympanum absent. The epiphallus of male genitalia shaped like the letter H. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Tibet).Published as part of Wu, Qian & Ma, Li-Bin, 2023, Redescription of two species of Capillogryllus Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003, with a new species from China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae), pp. 135-140 in Zootaxa 5336 (1) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5336.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/826865
Capillogryllus Xie, Zheng & Liang 2003
No full text<i>Capillogryllus</i> Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003 <p> <i>Capillogryllus</i> Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003: 95; Wu & Ma, 2023: 136</p> <p> <b>Type species.</b> <i>Capillogryllus dolabripalpis</i> Xie & Zheng, 2003</p>Published as part of <i>Wu, Qian, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Li-Bin, 2023, A morphological study of the ovipositor of the genus Capillogryllus Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003 with a new species of the genus from China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae Gryllinae), pp. 391-397 in Zootaxa 5383 (3)</i> on page 392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5383.3.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10361357">http://zenodo.org/record/10361357</a>
Physodera unicolor Ma, Shi & Liang, 2017, sp. n.
No full textPhysodera unicolor sp. n. Fig. 22, 42, 56. Material examined. Holotype (IZAS), a male, " China, Zhejiang Prov. / Lin'an, Qingliangfeng / Station / N30.11106°, E118.90077° "; " 920m, 2004. VI.18 N / Liang Hongbin & Teiji Sota / Institute of Zoology, / Chinese Acad. Sciences"; " Holotype / Physodera unicolor / sp. n. / Des. Ma & Shi, 2016 " [red label]. (Figs. 10, 22) Paratypes. China: 1 male (IZAS), " Gansu Prov., Kangxian county, Qinghe forestry farm, 1450–1650m, 1998. VII.15, Yao Jian lgt". 2 females (IZAS), " Hubei Prov., Xingshan, Longmen, 1350m, 1993. VII.14, Sun Baowen lgt.". 1 male, 1 female (IZAS), " Zhejiang Prov., Lin'an, Qingliangfeng Station, N30.11106° E118.90077°, 920m, 2004. VI.18 N, Liang Hongbin & Teiji Sota lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Zhejiang Prov., Lin'an, Tianmushan, N30°19′ E119°27′, 300–400m, 2006. VIII.19, light trap, Shi Hongliang lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 1999.VII.". 2 male (SNUM), " Zhejiang Prov., West Tianmu, 300m, 2008. IV.26, Yinziwei lgt.". 1 male, 2 females (SNUM), " Zhejiang Prov., Lin'an, West Tianmu, 2008.VI., Huang Hao lgt.". 1 female (SNUM), " Zhejiang Prov., West Tianmu, 300–400m, 2008.VIII, Yin ziwei lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Mokanshan, 1935. V.9 ". 1 male, 3 females (IZAS), " Zikawei, 1924. III.17 ". 1 female (IZAS), "ZO-SE, 1 939.IV.". 2 males (IZAS), " Anhui Prov., Yaoluoping, 2006.VIII, Ding Liang lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Anhui Prov., Yaoluoping, 2 006.VIII, Ding Liang. lgt.". 2 males (HBUM), " Anhui Prov., Yaoluoping Reserve, 2007. VII.17–21, Ba Yibin, Lang Juntong, Wang Fengyan lgt.". 1 female (SNUM), " Anhui Prov., Yuexi County, Yaoluoping Reserve, N30°59′05″ E116°04′41″, 1050m, 2013.6.16, Dai & Peng lgt.". 1 specimen (IZAS), “ Anhui Prov., Huanshan, Tangkou town, Fuxi villiage, 30°04′44″ 118°08′56″, 2013. VII.11, Xu Hao and Qiu Jianyue lgt.”. 1 male (IZAS), " Jianxi Prov., Yanshan Town, Wuyishan Reserve, Yejiachang, 2006. VIII.2, light trap, Shi Hongliang lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Fujian Prov., Shanghang, Gonghe, 1987. VII.19, Lin Min lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Fujian Prov., Tongmuzhai, 1 975. IX.29, Qi Shicheng lgt.". 1 specimen (HBUM), “ Guangdong Prov., Nanling, 2010. VIII.10, Liu Haoyu lgt.”. 2 males (IZAS), " Guangxi Prov., Longsheng county, Huaping res., Cunjiang, 2006. VIII.8, Lin Meiying lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Guangxi Prov., Maoershan, Jiuniutang, 1100m, 1985. VII.10, light trap, Liao Subai lgt.". 1 specimen (IZAS), " Guangxi Prov., Maoershan, Gaozhai village, 2007. VII.13, light trap, Yang Ganyan lgt.". 1 specimen (IZAS), “ Guizhou Prov., Guiyang, southern campus of Guizhou university, 2010.V–VI, Liu Ye lgt, light trap ”. 1 specimen (IZAS), “ Guizhou Prov., Fanjingshan, 1775m, 2009. VII.9, Lin Wenhsin lgt.”. 1 specimen (IZAS), “ Guizhou Prov., Fanjingshan Huguosi, 2008. VII.16, Liu Ye lgt.”. 3 males, 2 female (IZAS), “ Guizhou university, N26.25130, E106.40164, 2010.V–VI, Liu Ye lgt.”. 1 male (CCCC), " Taiwan, Taipei, Wulan Town, Fushan Village, 2009. VI.1 N". 1 male (CCCC), " Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Jianshi Town, Ninglao village, 1997. VI.1, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 male (CCCC), " Taiwan, Taitung county, Peinan town, Chialin Road, 1996. VII.20, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 specimen (CCCC), “ Taiwan, Taoyuan county, Fuhsing town, 1994. V.28, Chen Changching lgt.”. 1 specimen (CCCC), “ Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Wutse town, Talulintao, 1440m, 1994. VI.5, Chen Changching lgt.”. Diagnosis. Body Length: 8.7–10.5mm; body form weakly convex. Head and pronotum dark brown to black, elytra dark green, with distinct metallic hue, dorsal side without distinct pattern. Tergum and sternum VII dark, without or with very faint brownish-yellowish pattern (Fig. 48). Pronotal hind angles blunt; lateral margins with one or two primary setae near middle, long accessory setae along margins before middle (Fig. 51). Elytral third and fifth interval with about ten very small setigerous pores, pores on the fifth restricted in the basal half; the seventh interval sometimes with 1–4 small pores before middle; sometimes elytra with accessory setae. P. unicolor sp. n. can be readily distinguished from all the other members of Physodera by dorsal side without pattern and body form only weakly convex. From dorsal color and setigerous pores on elytral intervals, P. unicolor sp. n. may be confused with P. cyanipennis. The new species can be easily distinguished from the latter by: body form only weakly convex; pronotum hind angles blunt; elytral intervals finely punctate; aedeagus less slender. P. unicolor sp. n. is closest to P. andrewesi from the Philippines. Besides their different color, they are also different in: Pronotum hind angles blunt in P. unicolor (Fig. 51) (versus sharp in P. andrewesi (Fig. 50)); elytral interval finely punctate in P. unicolor (versus impunctate in P. andrewesi); elytral third with more than eight small setigerous pores in P. unicolor (versus with four or five in P. andrewesi); pronotal lateral margins with one or two primary setae near middle in P. unicolor (Fig. 51) (versus without primary seta in P. andrewesi (Fig. 50)). Description. Body length 8.7–10.6 mm. Dorsal side without distinct pattern; head and pronotum dark brown to blackish, pronotum lateral expansions yellowish brown; mouth parts and antennae brown, terminal palpomeres yellow; elytra dark green with metallic reflections, epipleura brownish; legs brown with metallic hue; ventral side dark brown. Head. Tempora short, about half as long as eyes, gradually narrowed behind eyes; frons glabrous, vertex punctate and rugose; terminal maxillary palpomere fusiform in both sexes; terminal labial palpomere securiform in both sexes (Fig. 61). Pronotum widest near middle, ratio PW/PL 1.65–1.76; base very shortly lobed; lateral expansions wide. Front angles wide and round; lateral margins evenly curved near middle, strongly sinuate before hind angles; hind angles about rectangular, blunt, not projected. Lateral margins with one or two primary setae near middle; accessory setae long and dense, present along margins before middle, and near hind angles (Fig. 51). Disc slightly convex; usually glabrous (sometimes sparsely to moderately pubescent); median line shallow, not reaching apex or base; heavy punctures present on lateral expansions, basal and anterior regions. Elytra gradually widened apically; lateral margins concaved near anterior third; apex truncated; basal border incomplete, reaching the third interval. Striae not furrowed, composed of puncture rows; punctures gradually decreased near apex. Intervals flat, finely punctate; the third interval with eight to twelve small setigerous pores; the fifth with four to thirteen setigerous pores, usually restricted before middle, sometimes arranged in double rows; the first and seventh interval sometimes also with some small setigerous pores; the seventh and eighth intervals tumid apically; marginal series composed of 18–20 setigerous pores. Ventral side. Prosternum sparely pubescent; mesosternum and metaepisternum smooth; metasternum and abdomen sparely pubescent; males with sternum VII emarginate apically, with two pairs of setae. Males with adhesive hairs well developed on the first three tarsomeres of pro- and mesotarsus. Male genitalia (Fig. 42). Median lobe of aedeagus gently slender, apex strongly bent to right side in ventral view, right margin weakly sinuate before apex; apical lamella larger than the previous species, its length about equal to the basal width, about triangular, rounded apically. Internal sac with main flagellum fine and curved, gradually narrowed and ended before apical orifice; secondary flagellum weakly sclerotized, length about 0.5 times as the main flagellum; trumpet-form expansion small, length about 0.3 times as the main flagellum; apical bursa present. Female genitalia. Apical segment of ovipositor (Fig. 56) about 2.6 times long as its basal width, widest at base, gradually narrowed to the apical third, and then abruptly narrowed, apex sharp; outer margin about straight, inner margin curved; apical half with long setae; membranous extension fine and long, filiform, basal half slightly sclerotized. Etymology. The specific epithet " unicolor " implies this new species has no pattern. Distribution. Widely distributed in south China: Gansu, Hubei, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Taiwan. (Fig. 66) Variation. Specimens from Taiwan examined by us usually have accessory setae on pronotal disc, elytral apex and odd intervals (versus glabrous in specimens from other localities). Since there is no other difference on external or genital characters, we merely consider it as a geographical variation.Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on pages 308-309, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/39909
Physodera eburata Ma, Shi & Liang, 2017, sp. n.
No full text<i>eburata</i> -group <p> The <i>eburata</i> -group contains three very similar species: <i>P. eburata</i> Heller, <i>P. bifenestrata</i> Heller, and <i>P. sciakyi</i> <b>sp. n.</b></p> <p>These three insular species of the eburata-group distribute in the Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi. (Fig. 65)</p> <p>The diagnostic characters of this species group are: Pronotum unicolor; elytra black with purplish hue, disc with a pair of ivory callosities; tergum VII and sternum VII dark, without light pattern; antennameres 5–11 distinctly widened and flattened (Fig. 59). Terminal labial palpomeres truncate in both sexes, not strongly securiform (Fig. 60); males with two pairs of setae on sternum VII. Aedeagus stout and straight, apical lamella short and wide; internal sac with main flagellum thick, reaching apical orifice; trumpet-form expansion large, length 0.4–0.45 times of the main flagellum; secondary flagellum short and thick, weakly sclerotized; apical bursa present.</p> <p> These three species are doubtless close for the similarities mentioned above. The following characters are unique in the genus: elytra with a pair of ivory callosities; antennameres distinctly widened since the fifth. The <i>eburata</i> -group could be also close to <i>dejeani</i> -group for their aedeagus stouter than other species groups and both have ivory callosities. But differences on some secondary sexual characters (male labial palpomere, and seta on sternum VII) show otherwise.</p>Published as part of <i>Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2)</i> on page 304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/399097">http://zenodo.org/record/399097</a>
Physodera sciakyi Ma, Shi & Liang, 2017, sp. n.
No full textPhysodera sciakyi sp. n. Figs. 19, 40, 62. Type series. Holotype (CRS), a male, " Sulawesi S/ Puncak Palopo / I.2010 ". " Holotype / Physodera sciakyi / sp. n. / Des. Ma & Shi, 2016"[red label]. (Figs. 7, 19) Paratype, 1 male (CRS), " Indonesia / S. Sulawesi / Palopo env./ Puncak V.1999 / loc. Collector lgt.". " Paratype / Physodera sciakyi / sp. n. / Des. Ma & Shi, 2016"[red label].. Diagnosis. Dorsal side black with metallic purple hue; pronotum unicolor; elytra with a pair of ivory callosities on disc, callosity about 0.2 times as elytron in length, placed in the middle of elytron, round in shape, without notch or only weakly serrated posteriorly. Tergum and sternum VII without distinct pattern. Antennameres 5–11 distinctly widened and flattened. Elytral third interval with five or six setigerous pores, the fifth with three or four pores near base; apical margin truncated. P. sciakyi sp. n. is most similar with P. eburata in general appearance. Besides distribution ranges, they are also different in the following characters: Elytral callosities different in shape; round without distinct notch in P. sciakyi sp. n. (versus round with a distinct notch posteriorly in P. eburata); the elytral third interval with five or six setigerous pores and the fifth with three or four pores near base (Fig. 62) (versus the third interval with two pores and the fifth with only one near base); Pronotum almost glabrous in P. sciakyi sp. n., except for sporadic punctures along the basal half of median line, lateral expansion completely impunctate (versus pronotum distinctly punctate, heavy and dense punctures distributed on lateral expansion, median line, sub-anterior area, and basal fovea and in P. eburata); Accessory setae more abundant on the pronotal front and hind angles in P. sciakyi sp. n. (versus less in P. eburata). Based on these, we believe the specimens from Sulawesi represent a new species different from P. eburata, although we didn't compare their male genitalia. For another related species, P. bifenestrata from Borneo, we have male materials to compare with the new species. The aedeagus of them are different in: the median lobe stronger bent to the right side apically, right margin about curved before apex in P. sciakyi sp. n. (versus the median lobe barely bent to the right side apically, right margin weakly angulated before apex in P. eburata); a small transverse sclerotized piece present on the left margin of apical orifice in P. sciakyi sp. n. (versus such piece hardly defined in P. eburata); the main flagellum gradually curved in the middle in P. sciakyi sp. n. (versus the main flagellum almost straight along its full length in P. eburata). Description. Body length 10.9–11.5 mm. Dorsal surface dark blue with strong metallic reflections; mouthparts dark purplish, terminal palpomeres yellowish apically; antennae black, apex of terminal segment brown; pronotum evenly metallic; elytra dark with strong blue-purplish metallic hue, lateral margins brownish; elytral disc with a pair of ivory callosities, round, slightly transversal, not notched or weakly serrated posteriorly, occupying the middle fifth of elytra in length, and interval 4–8 in width; legs metallic purple; ventral side dark brown; tergum and sternum VII without pattern, lateral sides a little light. Head. Tempora short, about half as long as eyes, abruptly narrowed behind eyes; frons smooth, without puncture. Males with terminal labial palpomeres wider than maxillary ones, apex truncated, but not typically securiform. Antennamere 4 about triangular, slightly widened since middle, antennameres 5–11 strongly widened and flattened, gradually widened and shortened to apex, the fifth with width/length 1.0, the tenth with width/length 1.5. Pronotum widest at about anterior third, ratio PW/PL 1.61–1.68, base shortly lobed. Front angles wide and round; lateral margins fully rounded in the middle, strongly sinuate before hind angles; hind angles distinct, not projected, about rectangular. Accessory setae rich on front angles, less on hind angles, absent on the middle of lateral margins. Disc slightly convex; median line short, not reaching apex or base; pronotum almost glabrous, except for sporadic punctures in the basal half of median line; lateral expansions wide, rugose but impunctate. Elytra wide, gradually widened apically; lateral margins concaved near anterior third; apex truncated; basal border incomplete, reaching the third interval. Striae not furrowed, composed of fine puncture rows; strial rows absent before apex and in the callosities. Intervals flat, finely and sparsely punctate; the third interval with five or six setigerous pores, about equally arranged, the last one adjacent to the second stria, others placed on the middle of interval; the fifth interval with three or four pores restricted in the basal fifth; the seventh and eighth intervals weakly tumid apically. (Fig. 62) Ventral side. Prosternum setose on anterior region and intercoxal process; mesosternum and metaepisternum about smooth; metasternum densely setose except the middle, abdomen densely setose; males with sternum VII emarginate, with two pairs of setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 40). Median lobe of aedeagus fairly stout and straight, apex distinctly bent to right side in ventral view, right margin fully curved before apex; apical lamella very small, its length about 0.8 times as basal width, about triangular, rounded apically. Internal sac with main flagellum thick and curved, apex almost reaching apical orifice; secondary flagellum short and thick, weakly sclerotized, length about 0.4 times as the main flagellum; trumpet-form expansion large, length about 0.45 times as the main flagellum; apical bursa present; an additional transverse sclerotized piece present on the left margin of apical orifice. Female genitalia unknown. Distribution. Only known from Sulawesi (Palopo). (Fig. 65) Etymology: The name of this new species is dedicated to our friend, Dr. Riccardo Sciaky from Milano, a specialist on Carabidae, who kindly lent this rare species for our study.Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on pages 305-306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/39909
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