102 research outputs found
Alexandru Bănică and Ionel Muntele – Resilience and Territory, 248 pp., Terra Nostra, Iaşi, 2015, ISBN 978-606-623-056-8
No full textThe article is a review of the book “Resilience and territory. Conceptual operating and methodological perspectives”, by Alexandru Bănică and Ionel Muntele, placed within the framework of placing resilience at the core of research
From Internal to International Migration in Romania – Continuity and Spatial Differentiation
Get PDFMUNTELE, Ionel, HOREA-ȘERBAN, Raluca-Ioana. From Internal to International Migration in Romania – Continuity and Spatial Differentiation. In: Eastern European Journal of Regional Studies. December 2021, vol. 7, issue 2, pp. 5-26. ISSN 2537-6179, E-ISSN 1857-436X.The study proposes a set of analyses on the evolution of the migration balance of Romania’s population over a wide time interval, fully covering the period dominated by the communist regime (1948-1989) and the last three decades marked by the transition to a market economy. The aim is to differentiate the typology of the time and space distribution of the mentioned indicator and to test a set of explanatory factors, for each of the two distinct periods. The typological and factor analyses applied led to results that largely confirm the hypothesis of a continuity between the massive internal migration during the communist regime and the more complex migration in recent decades. At the same time, the profound changes in the incidence of certain explanatory factors certify a complete restructuring of the migration system in Romania after 1990. The massive migration from rural to urban areas, brought about by positional or socio-economic factors, was gradually replaced after the fall of the communist regime by a strong labour emigration, an effect of deindustrialization. The stimulation of the periurbanization process, by changing the way of life, introduced new variables in the functioning of the migration system, in keeping with the specific evolutions of the contemporary era. JEL: O15; R23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.7-2.0
Accessibilite et repulsion de l’espace rural au nord-est de la Roumanie
Get PDFAccessibilty and repulsiveness in the rural space of the North-East of Romania: This study is a continuation of some former preoccupations (Muntele, 2000; Muntele, Istrate, 2000, Groza, Muntele, 2004, Muntele, 2004) which had as aim to identify and make some adaptations for the explanatory models concerning the north-eastern Romanian territory’s accessibility. It was necessary to correlate the results with the space repulsiveness indicators (demographic attractiveness, population general density etc.) in order to get thoroughly into some antagonistic process like: depopulation/axial or suburban concentration; urbanization/rural abandonment etc. The analyses made on the large temporal sequences strongly suggest the dependency relation between the accessibility and the repulsiveness of the rural spaces. The observed exceptions have some historical, political, cultural and socio-economical explanations. În this way can be more accurately be explained the marginalisation secular process of some geographical areas in this side of the country, according to the classical core-periphery model
Le vieillissement de la population rurale en Roumanie depuis 1930
No full textThe ageing of Romania's rural population since 1930. — The ageing of rural population in Romania is becoming increasingly serious as regions which are endangered by this phenomenon have to face the additional problem of the reprivatisation of agricultural land. This has been analysed at departmental level based on the 1930, 1966, 1977 and 1992 censuses respectively, although the problem requires further studies. The modes of evolution of this ageing phenomenon have been classified into different types. Two factors, demographic change and rural exodus, account for this development whose geographical configuration has changed over half a century. There was originally little variation between regions, with the differences appearing between both sides — North and South — of the Carpathian Mountains while today the main differences are between East and West, the East being the region less affected.L'accentuation du vieillissement de la population des campagnes met celles-ci en situation de fragilité d'autant plus grave qu'elles sont confrontées au défi de la reprivatisation des terres agricoles. Le phénomène, encore insuffisamment étudié, est analysé au niveau départemental à travers les 4 recensements de 1930, 1966, 1977 et 1992. Une typologie des trajectoires d'évolution du vieillissement a été établie. Ce vieillissement de la population rurale, qui est sous la double dépendance du phénomène de transition démographique et de l'exode rural vers les villes, a changé de configuration géographique en un demi-siècle. D'une différenciation régionale modérée à caractère latitudinal et clairement appuyé sur la ligne des Carpates, on est passé à une différenciation accentuée de tracé longitudinal, où le moindre vieillissement est l'affaire de la partie orientale du pays.Imbâtrânirea populajiei rurale în Romania dupa 1930. — Acentuarea îmbâtrânirii populajiei satelor româneşti pune spajiile rurale într-o situate de fragilitate eu atât mai evidentâ eu cât acestea sunt confruntate în prezent eu rezolvarea sfidâtoarei problème a reprivatizârii terenurilor agricole. Fenomenul, încâ insuficient studiat, este analizat la nivel judeean eu ajutorul statisticillor recensâmintelor din 1930, 1966, 1977 si 1992, stabilinduse şi o tipologie a traiectoriilor evoluţiei procesului de îmbâtrânire. îmbâtrânirea populaţiei rurale, aflatâ sub dubla dependent a tranzijiei demografice §i a exodului rural câtre ora§e, a cunoscut o modificare evidentâ a desenului manifestârilor sale spatiale în ultima jumâtate de secol. De la o diferenjiere regionalâ moderatâ eu caracter latitudinal, în mod clar marcatâ de linia Carpa^ilor, s-a trecut la o diferenjiere accentuatâ, longitudinalâ, care evidenjiazâ o intensificare a fenomenului de la est câtre vest.Muntele IonelMuntele Ionel. Le vieillissement de la population rurale en Roumanie depuis 1930. In: L'Espace géographique, tome 23, n°4, 1994. pp. 312-317
Book review of: Atlasul Electoral al României (1990-2009)
Get PDFBook review of: Atlasul Electoral al României (1990-2009), Editura Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Iaşi, ISBN 9 789737 036292, 754 p cu planşe color şi comentarii, coordinator: Corneliu Iațu, authors : Ionel Boamfă, Ciprian Alupului, Sebastian Năstuţă, Silviu Petru Grecu, Romeo Asiminei, Raluca Ioana Horea-Şerban, Voicu Bodocan, Aurelian Giugăl, Cătălin Timofciuc
La dépression de Hangu – dynamique territoriale
No full textPar Ionel Muntele, professeur, département de géographie, université Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iași, chercheur, académie roumaine, filiale de Iași ; Adrian Grozavu , professeur, département de géographie, université Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iași ; Sandu Alexandra, doctorante, école doctorale de chimie, sciences de la vie et de la terre, université Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iași Résumé L’étude proposée veut déchiffrer les transformations supportées au long des deux derniers siècles par la petite dépression ..
SPATIAL PATTERNS AND DRIVERS IN THE EVOLUTION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ROMANIA (MARCH 2020-JUNE 2021)
Get PDFThe manifestation of the Covid-19 pandemic raised great interest due to the speed with which it spread globally and by outlining specific diffusion patterns. Romania faced off early on the rise in the number of infections, initially, as in other European countries, extremely localized but later expanded nationwide. The analysis of the available information regarding the evolution of the number of infections and deaths caused, over a sufficiently extended period (March 2020-June 2021) allowed the identification of several spatial patterns. Their regional coherence indicates a series of correlations with socio-economic factors, validated by PCA (principal component analysis). The importance of economic development, in connection with the degree of urbanization, employment and labour mobility or population density thus explains the incidence of the number of cases at a level higher than the national average. In the case of death caused by Covid-19, the quality of the health infrastructure played an important role, the counties with a higher level of endowment being less affected. At the same time, the share of the elderly population, in association with the less populated rural area, was not positively correlated with the number of cases or deaths. Lower population interaction, weaker exposure to international mobility has created the premises for a specific pattern of evolution in these areas
THE EVOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURE BY AGE GROUPS AND THE AGEING OF THE POPULATION IN ROMANIA BETWEEN 1992-2021
Get PDFThe ageing of the population has become a problem of maximum interest,
in the context of the completion of the demographic transition, especially in
European states. Romania, like all of Eastern Europe, is facing the acceleration of
this process, against the background of a strong demographic decline after 1990,
generated by the drastic decrease in fertility and the massive migration of labor force
abroad. The present study proposes a diachronic analysis of the evolution of the age
group structure and, implicitly, of the ageing process, based on the four censuses
carried out after 1990. The main objective is to detect territorial disparities, on
various levels, with the hypothesis of the differentiated action of of factors that can
stimulate or inhibit demographic aging. The double analysis (descriptive,
respectively factorial) highlighted a series of regional models of evolution that
express various ways of adapting to the socio-economic and political transition. The
faster expansion of the process studied in cities is an observation that can be the
basis of specific studies. On the other hand, the relative rejuvenation of the
population in the metropolitan areas expresses a population transfer generated by the
change in lifestyle, the relocation of economic activities and the increase in mobility.
At the same time, the isolation, the predominance of agricultural activities and the
decline in the exploitation of some resources constitute the motive of an ageing
without precedent, illustrating certain trends of depopulation of vast areas
Le vieillissement de la population – indice de la repulsion des espaces ruraux. Le cas de la Roumanie
Get PDFThe Ageing of the Population – Indice of the rural Repulsiveness. Romanian exemple. This study follows some previous research (Muntele, 1994; 1996 etc.) about the population restructuring process, based on the age criteria, during the last decades. Population ageing has been used as an indicator for the rural spaces repulsiveness. Regional analysis based on the last census (there are 13749 places officially registered) lead to the conclusion about the strong relation between the ageing process and the repulsiveness of some rural spaces even if there are also some regional particularities and distortions. The future demographic developmental axes are coming into view, being separated by the areas labeled by the depopulation imminence. The presented typology proves the contraction process of the population system, as a consequence of the demographic decline
Urban transitions and resilience of Eastern European Union cities
No full textUrban resilience is related to the capacity of cities to recover from disruptions, to maintain their functions and thrive after a sudden shock or a long-term stress, from economic crisis, from natural and technological disasters or climate change. The present study refers to former communist countries in Eastern Europe which are now integrated in the European Union (including Greece, by reasons of spatial coherence), namely the cities and agglomerations that have more than 500,000 inhabitants. The analysis focuses on the post-communist transitions of these cities reflected in certain socio-demographic, morphological and functional urban transformations, highlighted by indicators obtained by integrating data from different evaluations already carried out at the EU level. The results of multi-criterial statistical analysis reveal the identity of the analysed urban areas and the diffusion processes in resilience approaches from Western EU to Eastern countries and cities by adaptation practices implemented at different rhythms and to different degrees
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