1,797,612 research outputs found
Population-based Research in South Wales: The MRC Pneumoconiosis Research Unit and the MRC Epidemiology Unit
No full text©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2002. First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2002. All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited A4 transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 March 1999, with extracts from a Witness Seminar on the MRC Pneumoconious Unit held on 9 November 1994. Introduction by Professor George Davey Smith.Annotated and edited A4 transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 March 1999, with extracts from a Witness Seminar on the MRC Pneumoconious Unit held on 9 November 1994. Introduction by Professor George Davey Smith.Annotated and edited A4 transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 March 1999, with extracts from a Witness Seminar on the MRC Pneumoconious Unit held on 9 November 1994. Introduction by Professor George Davey Smith.Annotated and edited A4 transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 March 1999, with extracts from a Witness Seminar on the MRC Pneumoconious Unit held on 9 November 1994. Introduction by Professor George Davey Smith.Annotated and edited A4 transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 March 1999, with extracts from a Witness Seminar on the MRC Pneumoconious Unit held on 9 November 1994. Introduction by Professor George Davey Smith.Annotated and edited A4 transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 March 1999, with extracts from a Witness Seminar on the MRC Pneumoconious Unit held on 9 November 1994. Introduction by Professor George Davey Smith.Population-based research in south Wales was initially to investigate occupational lung disease in miners. Archie Cochrane, the renowned epidemiologist, and his clinical and environmental studies group at the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit at Llandough Hospital, Cardiff, conducted respiratory and blood pressure surveys of workers in the Welsh valleys. In 1960 the epidemiological studies were separated from pneumoconiosis research and detailed studies began in the new Epidemiological Research Unit (South Wales) in Cardiff on glaucoma, dust diseases in flax, asbestos, steel and slate workers, with later work on iron deficiency anaemia, environmental lead, migraine, asthma, and two high-profile trials showing improved survival following a heart attack with regular use of aspirin and with consumption of a diet rich in oily fish. Statisticians and field workers made important contributions to both randomized controlled trials and observational studies at the unit over five decades. Selections from archived interviews with former members of both units appear as well as a section on the impact on data analysis from steadily increasing computational capacity. Contributors include: the late Dr David Bainton, Sir Christopher Booth, Dr Michael Burr, the late Dr Jeffrey Chapman, Professor Sir Richard Doll (Chair), Dr Peter Elwood, the late Dr Joan Faulkner, Dr Philip D’Arcy Hart, Dr Julian Tudor Hart, Mr Nick Henderson, the late Dr Sheila Howarth, Mrs Janie Hughes, Dr Philip Hugh-Jones, Mrs Marion Jones, Professor Stewart Kilpatrick, the late Dr Bill Miall, Dr Shaun Murphy, Dr Andy Ness, Professor John Pemberton, Professor George Davey Smith, Dr Selwyn St Leger, Dr Stephen Stansfeld, Professor David Strachan, Mr Peter Sweetnam, Dr Hugh Thomas, Mrs Mary Thomas, Dr David Tyrrell, Professor Owen Wade, Professor Estlin Waters, Dr Jean Weddell, Mrs Sheila Wright and Dr John Yarnell. Ness A R, Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2002) Population-based Research in South Wales: The MRC Pneumoconiosis Research Unit and the MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 13. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183
Uptake of HIV and syphilis testing of pregnant women and their male partners in a programme for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Uganda.
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: To describe uptake of HIV and syphilis testing in a prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in Uganda. METHODS: Analysis of data from routine HIV and syphilis testing at Entebbe Hospital antenatal services. RESULTS: A total of 20,738 women attended antenatal services. Exactly 62.8% of women, but only 1.8% of their male partners, accepted testing for HIV; 82.2% of women, but only 1.1% of their male partners accepted syphilis testing. Partners of women with positive HIV results were more likely to come for subsequent testing. Of 200 couples whose partners accepted HIV-testing within 30 days of one another, 19 (9.5%) were HIV-discordant, representing 65.5% of couples with at least one partner HIV-positive. HIV prevalence was 12.6% for women and 10.8% for men; syphilis prevalence was 4.0% for women and 6.2% for men. CONCLUSION: Uptake of HIV and syphilis testing was fairly good among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Entebbe Hospital, but very low among their male partners. The level of HIV-discordant couples was high. These clinics should be made more couples-friendly to identify both HIV-positive men for treatment and discordant couples for HIV prevention
The frequency and validity of self-reported diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease in the UK elderly: MRC CFAS cohort
No full textBackground: Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases can be made using established cohort studies but these estimates may have lower reliability if based purely on self-reported diagnosis.Methods: The MRC Cognitive Function & Ageing Study ( MRC CFAS) has collected longitudinal data from a population-based random sample of 13004 individuals over the age of 65 years from 5 centres within the UK. Participants were asked at baseline and after a two-year follow-up whether they had received a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Our aim was to make estimates of the incidence and prevalence of PD using self-reporting, and then investigate the validity of self-reported diagnosis using other data sources where available, namely death certification and neuropathological examination.Results: The self-reported prevalence of Parkinson's disease ( PD) amongst these individuals increases with age from 0.7% (95% CI 0.5 - 0.9) for 65 - 75, 1.4% ( 95% CI 1.0 - 1.7) for 75 - 85, and 1.6% ( 95% CI 1.0 - 2.3) for 85+ age groups respectively. The overall incidence of self reported PD in this cohort was 200/100,000 per year ( 95% CI 144 - 278). Only 40% of the deceased individuals reporting prevalent PD and 35% of those reporting incident PD had diagnoses of PD recorded on their death certificates. Neuropathological examination of individuals reporting PD also showed typical PD changes in only 40%, with the remainder showing basal ganglia pathologies causing parkinsonism rather than true PD pathology.Conclusion: Self-reporting of PD status may be used as a screening tool to identify patients for epidemiological study, but inevitably identifies a heterogeneous group of movement disorders patients. Within this group, age, male sex, a family history of PD and reduced cigarette smoking appear to act as independent risk factors for self-reported PD
MRC-LMCB Super-Resolution Course 2018
No full textPresentations given at the 2018 MRC-LMCB Super-Resolution course by Henriques lab and Andrew Vaugha
Access to, and uptake of, antiretroviral therapy in a developing country with high HIV prevalence: a population-based cohort study in rural Uganda, 2004-2008.
Full text linkOBJECTIVES: To investigate antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake after its introduction in 2004 in a longitudinal population-based cohort and its nested clinical cohort in rural Uganda. METHODS: A HIV serosurvey of all adults aged ≥ 15 years is conducted annually. Two intervals were selected for analysis. Interval 1 (November 2004-October 2006) provided 2 years of follow-up to prospectively evaluate access to HIV services. Interval 2 (November 2007-October 2008) was used to evaluate current coverage of services. Logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic factors associated with ART screening within 2 years of diagnosis. ART coverage was assessed using Weibull survival models to estimate the numbers needing ART. RESULTS: In Interval 1, 636 HIV-positive adults were resident and 295 (46.4%) knew their status. Of those, 248 (84.1%) were screened for ART within 2 years of diagnosis. After adjusting for age, those who were widowed, separated or never married were more likely to be screened than those who were married. In Interval 2, 575 HIV-positive adults were residents, 322 (56.0%) knew their status, 255 (44.3%) had been screened for ART and 189 (32.9%) had started ART. Estimated ART coverage was 66%. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, ART access and uptake is very high once people are diagnosed. Owing to intensive screening in the study clinic, nearly all participants who were eligible initiated ART. However, this is unlikely to reflect coverage in the general population, intensified efforts are needed to promote HIV testing, and ART screening and uptake are needed among those found to be HIV-positive
Line graphs comparing CT values of N genes of quality control samples from different facilities and the UVRI COVID19 National Reference Laboratory.
No full text3A)CT value of Qc samples from Test & fly compared to UVRI, B)CT values of QC samples from Bwindi Community Hospital compared to UVRI, C) CT value of QC samples from MAIA compared to UVRI, D) CT values of QC samples from Mulago NRH compared to UVRI, E)CT values of QC samples from Safari Laboratory compared to that of UVRI, F)CT values of QC samples from Gulu University Laboratory compared to that of UVRI, G)CT values of QC samples from Tenna & Pharma Laboratory compared to that of UVRI.</p
Respondent-Driven Sampling and Total Population Data from a Rural Ugandan Cohort, 2010: Special Licence Access
No full textThe study evaluated the use of Respondent Driven Sampling - a form of snowball or link-tracing sampling – to generate representative data of a rural population and compared it against existing total-population methods. The analysis was performed with a population cohort of 25 villages in rural Masaka, Uganda
mrc-ide/cepi_retrospective_analysis: Version 1 Release
No full textRelease of analysis of retrospective impact of 100 Days Mission.
Main Outputs are found in:
analysis/plots - Plots of all main results
analysis/data/out - Data outputs and summary tables
Full Changelog: https://github.com/mrc-ide/cepi_retrospective_analysis/commits/v1.0.
Analysis of MRC-funded non-academic impacts submitted to REF2021
No full textThis report provides a selection of research impacts submitted by UK higher education institutions (HEIs) to the 2021 REF assessment that had a connection to the Medical Research Council (MRC) investments.
The Research Excellence Framework (REF) is a national assessment of the research taking place approximately every six years across UK HEIs. As MRC institutes do not report impacts from their research to the REF assessment, impacts from this part of MRC’s portfolio do not feature in the report. As part of REF2021, UK HEIs submitted 6781 impact case studies intended to demonstrate the impact of their research on wider society and the economy. Automated and manual searches of the database were used to obtain 569 REF2021 impact case studies (ICS) associated with MRC funding (hereafter referred to as MRC-ICS). These records were screened to focus on 60 exemplar MRC-ICS which are summarised in this report.
The records have been grouped into 35 narratives where common themes emerge and highlighted, where possible, instances where they fit within the themes of MRC’s strategic delivery plan. They demonstrate the breadth of impacts arising from MRC-funded research, highlighting where MRC funding has made a significant contribution to realising this impact.
We reveal clear evidence that MRC-funded infrastructure and underpinning research is associated with high quality impact case studies. We show that MRC funding held by universities across the UK contributes to diverse impacts submitted to a broad range of units of assessment, and that these impacts are almost always the result of collaboration between multiple universities
Process Evaluation of Complex Interventions Guidance: UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Guidance
No full textUpdated MRC guidance for evaluation of complex interventions published in 2008 (Craig et al.2008) highlighted the value of process evaluation within trials of complex interventions in order to understand implementation, the mechanisms through which interventions produce change, and the role of context in shaping implementation and effectiveness. However, it provided limited insight into how to conduct a good quality process evaluation.<p></p>
New MRC guidance for process evaluation of complex interventions has been produced on behalf of the MRC Population Health Sciences Research Network by a group of 11 health researchers from 8 universities, in consultation with a wider stakeholder group. The author group was chaired by Dr Janis Baird, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton. The development of the guidance was led by Dr Graham Moore, DECIPHer, Cardiff University.<p></p>
The document begins with an introductory chapter which sets out the reasons why we need process evaluation, before presenting a new framework which expands on the aims for process evaluation identified within the 2008 complex interventions guidance (implementation, mechanisms of impact and context). It then presents discrete sections on process evaluation theory (Section A) and process evaluation practice (Section B), before offering a number of detailed case studies from process evaluations conducted by the authors (Section C).<p></p>
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