1,721,027 research outputs found
High-risk prostate cancer: The role of surgical management
No full textHigh-risk prostate cancer (HR Pca) is a highly heterogeneous disease from a biological and clinical standpoint, and it carries a significant chance of morbidity and mortality. Despite the impact of PSA screening, a significant number of men continue to present with high risk disease and need adequate management: clinical evidence shows that a considerable fraction on men with HR PCa can be actually cured with either uni- or multi-modality approaches. Surgical treatment, once considered unfeasible in this setting, is acquiring more and more diffusion in modern clinical practice. Herein we discuss the main treatment strategies for high-risk prostate cancer, providing an expert opinion on the role of surgical management and its outcomes in the most recent literature
Early salvage radiation therapy post-prostatectomy: Key considerations
Full text linkPost-prostatectomy radiotherapy (RT) is commonly employed to maximize oncologic outcomes in patients with pathologic adverse features (adjuvant RT]) or to treat men with prostate-specific antigen or local recurrence after initial observation (salvage RT [SRT]). Randomized controlled trials have been unable to compare adjuvant RT versus SRT; however, there is growing retrospective evidence that observation and early SRT (eSRT) may be a suitable. The issue of patient selection is crucial; several clinical tools and some newer biomarker-based tools might help in this process. Moreover, the optimal prostate-specific antigen threshold for eSRT, the RT dose, the irradiation field and the use of hormonal therapy are still open questions. In this article, we review the current literature on eSRT and provide some insights on what's happening for the future
Arterial Fistula With Severe Hematuria After Ileal Conduit Diversion
No full textIliac-urinary fistula is a rare cause of severe hematuria after urinary diversion. Indwelling stents and advanced atherosclerosis may be risk factors. Angiography with embolization is usually resolutive
Prostate cancer: more effective use of underutilized postoperative radiation therapy
No full textIntroduction: Adverse pathological features at radical prostatectomy such as extracapsular extension, seminal-vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins and/or lymph node invasion define a particular subgroup of patients that might benefit from additional treatment after surgery, in particular radiation therapy.Areas covered: Post-prostatectomy radiation is intended as adjuvant, early-salvage or salvage depending on the timing and PSA levels at the treatment. After providing the most used definitions, the high-level evidence supporting adjuvant radiation is reviewed together with the limitations affecting its utilization. In recent years early-salvage radiation was hypothesized to be a non-inferior alternative based on good-quality retrospective data. Recently, preliminary results of ongoing trials provide additional evidence. In light of the need to identify patients that will truly benefit from adjuvant radiation, clinically based and molecular tools available for this purpose are reviewed.Expert opinion: In order to tailor treatment for the patient after radical prostatectomy, there is a need for a tool that could both improve the oncological outcomes and be cost-effective. To date, genomic testing provides the most promising results that will be reasonably improved in the coming years
Syphilis or cancer? A urological challenge
No full textA 31-year-old male came to our clinic for suspicious testicular masses. Frozen-section examination of an excisional biopsy revealed inflammatory tissue, so we did not perform orchifuniclectomy. Definitive hystopatology revealed mio-fibroblastic nodules, which were considered consistent with testicular localization of luetic lesions. The patient was tested for syphilis and was found to be positive. HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) tests were negative. He underwent antibiotic treatment and is doing well
Duplication of inferior vena cava with obstructed right ureter: An extremely rare anomaly
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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in Pediatric Urology: Urethral and Urinary Bladder Reconstruction
Full text linkIn the case of pediatric urology there are several congenital conditions, such as hypospadias and neurogenic bladder, which affect, respectively, the urethra and the urinary bladder. In fact, the gold standard consists of a urethroplasty procedure in the case of urethral malformations and enterocystoplasty in the case of urinary bladder disorders. However, both surgical procedures are associated with severe complications, such as fistulas, urethral strictures, and dehiscence of the repair or recurrence of chordee in the case of urethroplasty, and metabolic disturbances, stone formation, urine leakage, and chronic infections in the case of enterocystoplasty. With the aim of overcoming the issue related to the lack of sufficient and appropriate autologous tissue, increasing attention has been focused on tissue engineering. In this review, both the urethral and the urinary bladder reconstruction strategies were summarized, focusing on pediatric applications and evaluating all the biomaterials tested in both animal models and patients. Particular attention was paid to the capability for tissue regeneration in dependence on the eventual presence of seeded cell and growth factor combinations in several types of scaffolds. Moreover, the main critical features needed for urinary tissue engineering have been highlighted and specifically focused on for pediatric application
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