1,721,172 research outputs found
Timing and Frequency Synchronization for the Uplink of an OFDMA System
No full textThis paper deals with timing and frequency recovery for the uplink of an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) system. The frequency estimator is derived from ad hoc reasoning, whereas the timing estimator is based on the maximum-likelihood criterion. Both schemes rely on the repetition of a fixed pilot symbol. Their main feature is that they provide feedforward estimates and allow synchronization in only two OFDM blocks. In contrast to other existing methods, they do not require that the subcarriers of a given user occupy adjacent positions in the signal bandwidth. This makes it possible to interleave subcarriers of different users so as to optimally exploit the frequency diversity of the channel. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations are used to assess the performance of the proposed synchronizers. It is found that the degradations due to residual frequency and timing errors are negligible at signal-to-noise ratios of practical interest
Doppler-rate Estimation for Burst Digital Transmission
No full textWe propose a new algorithm for Doppler rate estimation in burst-mode phase shift keying (PSK) transmissions. This issue may arise in mobile radio links when the received signal experiences significant time-varying Doppler distortion, as in low-earth-orbit satellite systems. The algorithm is based on the transmission of a training sequence and has a feedforward structure that is easy to implement in digital form. Its estimation accuracy is close to the Cramer-Rao bound even at SNR values as low as 0 dB. Comparisons with earlier methods are discussed
Integer frequency offset recovery in OFDM transmissions over selective channels
No full textCarrier frequency offset (CFO) in OFDM systems is normally estimated in two steps. The fractional part of the CFO is recovered first and the remaining ambiguity is subsequently resolved by detecting the integer frequency offset (IFO). Conventional IFO recovery algorithms for OFDM signals are sensitive to multipath distortions as they are derived without explicitly taking into account the frequency selectivity of the transmission channel. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme in which the channel response and IFO are jointly estimated using a maximum likelihood (ML) approach. In doing so we exploit one or more pilot blocks placed at the beginning of the frame and carrying known symbols. Since the complexity of the resulting ML algorithm may be relatively large, we also suggest suboptimal solutions unifying various earlier proposals. Computer simulations are used to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed schemes over existing alternatives. It is shown that excellent performance can be achieved with affordable complexity even in the presence of highly dispersive channels
A Robust Maximum Likelihood Scheme for PSS Detection and Integer Frequency Offset Recovery in LTE Systems
Full text linkBefore establishing a communication link in a cellular network, the user terminal must activate a synchronization procedure called initial cell search in order to acquire specific information about the serving base station. To accomplish this task, the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) are periodically transmitted in the downlink of a long term evolution (LTE) network. Since SSS detection can be performed only after successful identification of the primary signal, in this work, we present a novel algorithm for joint PSS detection, sector index identification, and integer frequency offset (IFO) recovery in an LTE system. The proposed scheme relies on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation criterion and exploits a suitable reduced-rank representation of the channel frequency response, which proves robust against multipath distortions and residual timing errors. We show that a number of PSS detection methods that were originally introduced through heuristic reasoning can be derived from our ML framework by simply selecting an appropriate model for the channel gains over the PSS subcarriers. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed scheme can be effectively applied in the presence of severe multipath propagation, where existing alternatives provide unsatisfactory performance
Joint Frequency and Timing Recovery for MSK-Type Modulation
No full textWe investigate a novel nondata-aided method for jointly estimating timing and carrier frequency offset in MSK-type modulation. The algorithm has a feedforward structure and lends itself to a simple digital implementation. Its estimation accuracy depends on a design parameter that may be varied to trade performance for computational complexity. Setting the parameter to unity yields a synchronization scheme already known in the literature. Computer simulations are used to assess the synchronizer performance on AWGN Rayleigh fading channels with MSK and Gaussian MSK modulation
Fine carrier and sampling frequency synchronization in OFDM systems
No full textThis paper investigates the joint pilot-assisted estimation of the residual carrier frequency offset (RCFO) and sampling frequency offset (SFO) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. As it is known, the exact maximum-likelihood (ML) solution to this problem involves a bidimensional grid-search that cannot be pursued in practice. After introducing an enlarged set of auxiliary unknown parameters, however, the RCFO and SFO recovery tasks can be decoupled and the bidimensional search is thus replaced with a simpler mono-dimensional search. This results into an estimation algorithm of reasonable complexity which is suitable for practical implementation. To further reduce the processing load, we also present an alternative scheme yielding frequency estimates in closed-form. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed methods outperform existing estimators available in the literature in terms of both estimation accuracy and error-rate performance
Decomposition of M-ary CPM Signals into PAM Waveforms
No full textIt is widely known that minimum shift keying (MSK) may be seen as a PAM signaling scheme and that the same is true, albeit approximately, with MSK-like modulations. It is also known (perhaps not so widely) that any binary continuous phase-modulated (CPM) signal may be exactly decomposed into the sum of a few PAM waveforms. In this paper we show that this property extends to multilevel CPM signaling. Features of a PAM decomposition are discussed as a function of the alphabet size, the modulation index, and the frequency response of the system. It is found that, especially with signaling schemes with a long memory, the decomposition has so many terms that it becomes unmanageable. For these cases an approximation is proposed with a limited number of terms
Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation of CFO, Noise Power, and SNR in OFDM Systems
No full textEstimation of noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are fundamental tasks in wireless communications. Existing methods to recover these parameters in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) are derived by following heuristic arguments and assuming perfect carrier frequency offset (CFO) synchronization. Hence, it is currently unknown how they compare with an optimum scheme performing joint maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of CFO, noise power and SNR. In the present work, the joint ML estimator of all these parameters is found by exploiting the repetitive structure of a training preamble composed of several identical parts. It turns out that CFO recovery is the first task that needs to be performed. After CFO compensation, the ML estimation of noise power and SNR reduces to a scheme that is available in the literature, but with a computational saving greater than 60% with respect to the original formulation. To assess the ultimate accuracy achievable by the ML scheme, novel expressions of the Cramer-Rao bound for the joint estimation of all unknown parameters are provided
A Unified Framework for Tomlinson-Harashima Pre-Coding in MC-CDMA and OFDMA Downlink Transmissions
No full textWe consider a unified framework comprising both multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) and orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA), and discuss nonlinear prefiltering for downlink transmissions based on Tomlinson-Harashima precoding. The base station (BS) is equipped with multiple transmitting antennas and channel state information is assumed to be available at the transmit side. We design the prefiltering matrices so as to minimize the sum of the mean square errors at all mobile terminals when a conventional single-user data detector is employed at the receiver side. In this way, most of the computational burden is moved to the BS, where power consumption and computational resources are not critical requirements. Computer simulations are used to assess the performance of the proposed scheme under different operating scenarios. It turns out that OFDMA outperforms MC-CDMA when the system resources (subcarriers and/or spreading codes) are optimally assigned to the active users according to the channel quality
Feedforward Carrier Frequency Estimation with MSK-Type Signals
No full textWe propose a non-data-aided technique for the estimation of the carrier frequency offset in minimum-shift keying (MSK)-type modulations. The proposed algorithm has a feedforward structure and is suited for burst-mode transmissions. Computer simulations are used to assess its performance and make comparisons with other existing methods in terms of estimation accuracy and minimum operating signal-to-noise ratio (threshold). Numerical results are provided for modulation schemes of practical interest such as MSK and Gaussian MSK
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