1,720,994 research outputs found
Ultrasound diagnosis of suspected urinary tract obstruction using a stimulated diuresis test.
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether a stimulated diuresis test associated with ultrasound is able to differentiate pelvic dilation due to atonicity from pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUO). 42 patients (25 f, 17 m) with minimal or moderate renal pelvis dilation revealed by sonography were selected for the test. Three different measurements of the anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelvis were done at the renal hilus level, by using a transversal ultrasound scan: the first under spontaneous diuresis conditions, the second after hydration with 1.5 liters of water, and the third with a full bladder 15 min after intravenous injection of 20 mg frusemide. All the patients underwent pyelography. Baseline APD (bAPD) linearly correlated with the PAD both after hydration and frusemide (r = 0.89 and r = 0.84, respectively). A descriptive evaluation of the frequency distribution of the bAPD suggested the possibility that the data samples could belong to three populations with different underlying pathophysiological conditions. Correspondence analysis between bAPD distribution and PUO suggested that the best grouping of data was: group 1 (11 patients) bAPD or = bAPD 20 mm (likelihood ratio chi 2 46.36; d.f. = 2). Standard intravenous pyelography showed an increase in pelvis size compatible with PUO in 2 patients from group 2 and in all patients from group 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
A special, supplemented "vegan" diet for nephrotic patients.
No full textHigh dietary protein intake, in the past recommended for nephrotic syndrome, does not improve hypoproteinemia and may accelerate progressive renal damage. In contrast, low-protein diets reduce proteinuria and preserve renal function in experimental renal models of nephrotic syndrome. In this study, 20 steroid-resistant, nephrotic patients were treated with a pure vegetarian, low-protein diet, supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues (supplemented vegan diet, SVD) for 4.6 +/- 3.1 months. Before the study, these patients followed an unrestricted protein, low-sodium diet (LSD). Proteinuria, daily urea nitrogen excretion and creatinine clearance decreased significantly on SVD. A similar lowering effect of SVD was observed on serum total cholesterol. Seven of the 20 patients changed from LSD to SVD and vice-versa on 3 occasions, and in all cases, we found an increase of proteinuria during the LSD period. Serum albumin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and anthropometric measurements did not change on SVD. Our data suggest that SVD exerts a favorable effect on proteinuria and hypercholesterolemia in nephrotic patients, without inducing clinical or laboratory signs of malnutrition
Vegetarian diet alternated with conventional low-protein diet for patients with chronic renal failure.
No full textOBJECTIVES:
A dietary management program, consisting of the alternation between a vegetarian low-protein diet (VD) and an animal-based conventional low-protein diet (CLPD), aims to increase foods choices and to improve compliance with dietary prescriptions, psychologic aspects, and the quality of life of renal patients. The present study investigates the subjective effects and the practical consequences of this dietary approach in patients with chronic renal failure.
METHODS:
Twenty patients (13 men, 7 women, 53 +/- 10 years) with chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance, <45 mL/min) were given the possibility to alternate (at their own convenience) the CLPD with the VD. After a follow-up period of 9 +/- 8 months, biochemistries were drawn and a questionnaire was mailed to asses the patients' subjective remarks about the proposed dietary management.
RESULTS:
Most of the patients (90%) favorably accepted this dietary schedule because it provided more variety, it was less repetitive, and it was more suitable for those leading an active life. In many cases, patients reported that their quality of life and some psychologic problems were improved, as well as the palatability of the diet. On this dietary regimen, monthly demands of starch-made foods can be reduced and, hence, the social and/or individual costs. These features contributed to better compliance with dietary prescriptions. Nutritional parameters did not change significantly, and a decrease in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our observations suggest that alternating between an animal-based CLPD and a vegetable-based VD can provide a useful dietary management for renal patients, giving them more chances for long-lasting dietary compliance
Nutrition knowledge and dietary composition in Italian adolescent female athletes and non-athletes.
No full textThis study aims to investigate dietary composition and nutrition knowledge of 60 athlete and 59 non-athlete adolescent females (age, 14-18 years), using a 3-day food recall and a questionnaire on nutrition. The reported daily energy intake was similar in athletes and non-athletes, but less than the recommended and the estimated requirements. In the athletes, the energy supply from breakfast was higher than in the non-athletes (18.5 +/- 6.6 vs. 15.0 +/- 8.2%, p < .005). Energy intake from carbohydrates was higher (53.6 +/- 6.2 vs. 49.8 +/- 6.3%, p < .05) and that from lipids was lower (30.4 +/- 5.5 vs. 34.2 +/- 5.2%, p < .001) in athletes than in non-athletes. Athletes also showed higher fiber (20.0 +/- 5.8 vs. 14.1 +/- 4.3 g/day, p < .001), iron (10.6 +/- 5.1 vs. 7.5 +/- 2.1 mg/day, p < .001) and vitamin A (804 +/- 500 vs. 612 +/- 456 micrograms/day, p < .05) reported intake than non-athletes. Calcium, iron, and zinc intake were less than 100% RDA in both groups. Athletes gave a slightly higher rate of correct answers on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire (77.6 vs. 71.6%, p < .01) than non-athletes. In conclusion, the overall recalled dietary intake and nutrition knowledge of the studied adolescent females show some misconceptions and nutrient deficiencies, but the results in athletes are quite better than in non-athletes, suggesting a favorable role of sport practice on dietary habits and nutrition knowledge
Phosphate control in chronic uremia: don’t forget diet
No full textControl of the phosphate balance is a major concern for chronic dialysis patients and it depends on dietary intake, intestinal binding and dialytic removal. Phosphorus mass transfer through dialysis and new phosphorus binders have been widely investigated, but negligible attention has been given to dietary phosphorus management, because of the problems of poor compliance and conflict with the recommended high protein intake. The nutritional target in dialysis patients should be a diet supplying adequate protein but limited phosphate intake, without dramatic changes of dietary habits and lifestyle. It is important to educate patients regarding phosphorus content of current foods so that foods providing less phosphorus with the same protein content can be selected, thus preventing dietary phosphate overload. On the basis of a three-day dietary record, dieticians should give the patient personalised advice in order to reduce phosphorus intake while ensuring the desired protein and energy intake. Dietary manipulation may have little impact on the dialysis population but in individual patients dietary counselling can greatly improve phosphate control. Close co-operation between nephrologists and dieticians is needed to motivate patients and ensure compliance, if dietary intervention is to succeed. All patients should be given dietary education and counselling, especially young-adults, because dietary phosphate control is an important component of an integrated therapeutic approach to phosphate retention and hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease
Nutrition Survey in elite rhythmic gymnasts.
No full textBACKGROUND:
Young female rhythmic gymnasts have been identified as a potential risk group for malnutrition because of their attitude of weight reduction and leanness.
METHODS:
This study aimed to assess the dietary practices of 20 rhythmic gymnasts of the Italian national team, on the basis of a three-day food records collected by clinical interview. Twenty-four age-matched non-athletic females served as controls.
RESULTS:
The reported energy intake was similar in gymnasts and controls (28.5+/-5.6 vs 28.2+/-7.8 kcal/kg b.w., per day), but less than the recommended and the estimated requirements. Energy intake from carbohydrates was higher (53+/-6 vs 49+/-6%, p<0.05) and that from lipids lower (31+/-6 vs 34+/-4%, p<0.05) in gymnasts than in controls. In the former the energy supply from breakfast was higher (24+/-2 vs 16+/-4%, p<0.001) and from snacks was lower (8+/-9 vs 17+/-10%, p<0.01). Gymnasts also distinguished from controls for lower cholesterol and saturated fatty acid intake, and for higher fibre (14+/-5 vs 9+/-2 g/1,000 kcal, p<0.001) and Vitamin A dietary content. Calcium, iron and zinc intake were less than 100% RDA in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS:
In some ways, dietary practices of rhythmic gymnasts meet nutritional recommendations more than those of non athletic controls, though discrepancy between reported energy intake and estimated energy requirement exists. Suboptimal calcium, iron and zinc intake were observed both in gymnasts and in controls, hence minerals supplementation could be required. The dietary attitude could be regarded as a positive aspect of rhythmic gymnastics, provided athletes, physicians and coaches correct dietary errors and avoid excessive food restrictions
Vegetarian diet alternated with conventional low-protein diet for patients with chronic renal failure
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