1,721,153 research outputs found
Epidemiology and prevention of Human Papillomavirus
No full textHuman papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and skin-to-skin genital contact is sufficient for virus transmission. Cervical cancer is the second-most common cancer in women living in less developed regions, with an estimated 445,000 new cases in 2012 and 230,000 deaths every year. Until now, more than 200 types of HPV have been identified, and about 15 types (HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -39, -45, -51, -52, -56, -58, -59, -66, -68, -82) have been shown to cause cervical cancer because they are able to transform infected cells into malignant tumor cells. The bivalent vaccine containing the serotypes 16 and 18 and the quadrivalent vaccine containing the serotypes 16, 18, 6 and 11, have been used in Italy for many years. The European Medicines Agency authorized marketing of the Gardasil 9 vaccine in the European Union on June 2015. Today, Public Health targets the immunization of adolescents of both genders based on new and important scientific evidence for maximum protection from all HPV related pathologies directly preventable with vaccination
Sintesi dei risultati degli studi clinici controllati condotti con un vaccino antinfluenzale adiuvato
No full textPre-emptive vaccination against pandemic influenza virus
No full textOnly three influenza pandemics occurred in the 20th century, however their mortality impact ranged from very high (the 1918 ‘Spanish’ A/H1N1 influenza) to moderate (the 1957 Asian A/H2N2 pandemic) to rather mild (the 1968 ‘Hong Kong’ A/H3N2 virus
Sintesi dei risultati degli studi clinici controllati condotti con un vaccino antinfluenzale adiuvato
No full textCorrelates of protection against influenza
No full textCorrelates of protection for influenza virus has not been defined, it is widely believed that protection against influenza can be conferred by serum HA antibodies. The immune responses to injectable influenza vaccines are routinely assessed using serological HA antibodies titration. It is generally accepted that neutralizing and HA antibodies, as well as antibodies to neuraminidase, can be detected in serum after 3 to 4 weeks post primary infection or vaccination
RT-PCR multiplex per l’identificazione simultanea di influenza virus A/H1N1 A/H3N2 e B e Virus Respiratorio Sinciziale di tipo A e B
No full textin Africa: implications for vaccine development
Full text linkInvasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections are a leading cause of bacteremia in Sub-Saharan Africa (sSA), thereby representing a major public health threat. Salmonella Typhimurium clade ST313 and Salmonella Enteriditis lineages associated with Western and Central/Eastern Africa are among the iNTS serovars which are of the greatest concern due to their case-fatality rate, especially in children and in the immunocompromised population. Identification of pathogen-associated features and host susceptibility factors that increase the risk for invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis would be instrumental for the design of targeted prevention strategies, which are urgently needed given the increasing spread of multidrug-resistant iNTS in Africa. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial traits and host immune responses associated with iNTS infections in sSA, then discusses how this knowledge can guide vaccine development while providing a summary of vaccine candidates in preclinical and early clinical development
Indagini microbiologiche su acque potabili sottoposte a trattamenti domestici di osmosi inversa
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