1,720,974 research outputs found
Residual Effects of Legumes in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems in a Temperate Environment
No full textSustainable agricultural systems preserve soil quality and biodiversity through an appropriate croprotation. In Southern Europe's environments, non-irrigated agricultural systems depend on wintercrops; with limited alternatives, farmers rely on short rotations of wheat and barley. One way toimprove the sustainability of these systems is to introduce legume crops such as faba bean and fieldpeas into the rotation. These species play beneficial effects including increased soil organic mattercontent, reduced incidence of root and leaf diseasesi n subsequentc rops, reduced weed populations(Blackshawe t al.,1994), increasedP , K and S availability (Bullock, 1992),improved soil structurea ndstability (Karle et al., 1994). Overall they may represent an altemative to commercial nitrogenfertilizers and provide a net input to soil N, particularly important in organic farming systems.This work is aimed at investigating on the residual effect on wheat of two legume species (faba beanand freld peas) at two different sowing time (autumn and winter) in a biannual rotation system wheatpulsecrops[...
Fitopatie riscontrate su girasole nel 1990
No full textIl marciume carbonioso del fusto per la sua massiccia presenza rappresenta la maggior avversità della coltura. Anche altre fitopatie creano qualche motivo di preoccupazione. Per quanto riguarda il problema della peronospora, questo potrebbe essere convenientemente risolto mediante controlli più severi durante le fasi della produzione e della concia della semente
Evidence of pathogenicity of Phomopsis helainthi strains of different origin
No full textIn the bordering countries of France and former Yugoslavia damage following Phomopsis helianthi attacks has been reported to be as high as 50%. After the first report of the disease in Italy in 1987, it has been found only sporadically, with limited attacks on only a few plants. The fungal isolates found in some countries of Italy have been compared with isolates from southern France. A comparative examination of physiological and biological characteristics and of adaptation to several substrates and growth conditions has shown a great difference between the Italian isolates and the French ones. The morpho-physiological differences were correlated to a different virulence, higher in French isolates and lower in Italian ones; this seem to explain the limited diffusion of the disease in Italy
Alcune fitopatie osservate su girasole in Italia
No full textVengono segnalate alcune fitopatie sia di origine biotica che abiotica, frutto di osservazioni condotte in questi ultimi anni sulla coltura del girasole. Tra le malattie fungine sono state osservate Epicoccum neglectum Desm., tra le fanerogame parassite Cuscuta sp. e tra le fitopatie di origine abiotica si segnalano malformazioni della calatide, danni da diserbanti (Pendimethalin e Oxyfluorfen) e danni da grandine
Results of a two-year investifation on the most important pathogens in Italy
No full textThis note provides information on the pathological situation of sunflower in Italy, particularly the severity of the diseases present in the most important areas of sunflower cultivation. Results of a two-year investigation show that Plasmopara helianthi is no longer a problem due to the introduction of hybrids resistant to the R1 and R2 races of the parasite as well as to seed treaatment with metalaxyl. On the contrary, the incidence and severity of Sclerotium bataticola attacks are very high. The infections of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on early spring seeded sunflower primarily occur in the stem and occasionally on the head. In contrast, head rot is more common on sunflower planted as a summer crop. Other minor pathogens have been occasionally observed
Rilievi fitopatologici su varietà di girasole a confronto nel 1992
No full textNel corso dei rilievi effettuati in Umbria nel 1992 si è riscontrata una rilevante presenza, su tutte le varietà, di due parassiti: Sclerotium bataticola e Phoma sp.; sono stati inoltre osservati, con una discreta frequenza, attacchi congiunti dei suddetti patogeni, sporadiche infezioni al fusto di Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e occasionali attacchi di Phomopsis helianthi (quest'ultimo parassita non sembra trovare nel nostro Paese condizioni adatte per la sua diffusione, contrariamente a quanto avviene in Francia e Jugoslavia). Nei mesi di maggio e giugno, sono state inoltre notate sulle foglie di alcune varietà tacche necrotiche riconducibili ad infezioni di Alternaria alternata e di A.helianthi. che comunque, per le condizioni climatiche non favorevoli, sono rimaste molto limitate
Rilievi fitopatologici su varietà di girasole a confronto nel 1991
No full textLe infezioni di Sclerotium bataticola sono risultate inferiori a quelle del 1990, dato che il patogeno predilige stagioni siccitose con temperature elevate (lo scorso anno è stato invece caratterizzato da una primavera in cui si sono registrati notevoli abbassamenti termici subito dopo la nascita del girasole e abbondanti precipitazioni fino a giugno inoltrato). Gli attacchi di Phoma sono risultati leggermente superiori a quelli del 1990; tuttavia, l'incidenza della malattia è da considerare bassa. le infezioni di Phomopsis helianthi sono risultate sporadiche. Notata la presenza di Alternaria alternata, di A.helianthi e di Septoria helianthi
Varietà di girasole "alto oleico" saggiate in diversi ambienti dell'Italia centrale e settentrionale
No full textImproved multivariate analyses to discriminate the behaviour of faba bean varieties
No full textAgricultural systems of Southern European regions are often based on short rotations of winter cereals and are thus subject toagro-ecological problems such as decreasing biodiversity, loss of soil fertility and increasing reliance on mineral fertilisers. Introducing newcrops such as new varieties of faba bean, and new production methods, e.g. different planting times, may increase the sustainability of farmingsystems. To advance the use of these methods, both multi-environment field experiments and improved statistical methods to summarise andinterpret results are needed. This report summarizes experiments conducted over three years and two locations where we compared phenology,morphology and yield of six faba bean, Vicia faba L., genotypes, sown in November and February. We have analyzed the data using canonicalvariate and additive main effect multiplicative interaction (AMMI). We demonstrate how such methods may be useful to obtain relevantinformation about a more successful introduction of faba bean in southern Europe. Our results show that sowing in November is much moresuitable to Southern European regions than a February planting. Indeed, for the November planting, beans flower earlier and pods fill beforethe drought period. Concerning morphology, November sown plants were taller of 0.93 m versus 0.79 m on average; gave a lower insertion offirst fertile branch of 0.44 m versus 0.51 m; gave a higher number of lateral branching per plant, of 1.5 versus 0.8; and gave a higher numberof pods per plant of 10.2 versus 7.6. On the average yield levels were the highest for November sown varieties, of 3.55 versus 2.66 t ha−1.These findings indicate autumn sown faba bean could be introduced in Southern European regions. Using adequate varietal selection, this cropmay improve the agro-environmental sustainability of farming systems. These results also highlight the usefulness of canonical variate andAMMI analysis, as 576 morphological data, e.g. 6 varieties, 2 sowing times, 6 environments and 8 variables, and 72 yield data, e.g. 6 varieties,2 sowing times and 6 environments, can be summarised in two bi-plots, clearly depicting the effect of sowing dates on crop morphology andyield, across locations and years. Such methods deserve a more widespread use when it is necessary to interpret crop response to environmentaland agronomic factors.[...
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