86,615 research outputs found
PLPM (Photochemical Lagrangian Particle Model): Formulation and Preliminary Validation
No full textPLPM (Photochemical Lagrangian Particle Model) is a Lagrangian particle model developed in last years by ENEA and ENVIROWARE Srl. In this presentation, we discuss the physical formulation of PLPM, the main features of the kernel density reconstruction methods and some preliminary tests carried out to evaluate the model and the density reconstruction methods. In particular, the Kincaid data set (Bowne e Loondergan, 1983), along with the Model Validation Kit (Olesen, 1998), has been used to test the model on the dispersion of non-reactive compounds. The results obtained so far suggests bringing them to the attention of the air quality modelling community, together with the questions that are still open and would benefit of the efforts of other researchers
A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of the Air Quality Model BOLCHEM to Reproduce the Ozone Concentrations over Italy
No full textA comprehensive model evaluation has been conducted for BOLCHEM over the whole of Italy during four periods favorable to ozone photochemistry: 1-3 June, 1-4 July, 5-7 August and 20-24 January during the year 1999. Two photochemical mechanisms, SAPRC90 and CB-IV, have been employed to simulate the evolution of ozone, taking into account the Italian and European inventories and maritime emissions. The comparison of simulated and measured ozone concentrations demonstrates that the model is able to forecast well the daily variation of ozone with both mechanisms, in particular during the summer, when the ozone photochemistry is more active. The discrepancies between the ozone predicted with the SAPRC90 and CB-IV mechanisms are similar to those previously reported in the literature: SAPRC90 leading to higher ozone concentrations than CB-IV due to the differences in their representation of VOC mixture. However, for both photochemical mechanisms, the model skill scores are good, proving the reliability of the model for regional scale applications
Simulation of PM10 concentration patterns for a 2010 traffic scenario in Bologna, Italy
No full textThree state of the art traffic-emission-dispersion models dealing with particulate matter have been tested and validated over the Bologna metropolitan area with 2001 data and a future scenario has been developed in order to estimate expected PM concentrations in 2010. The modelling system is composed by a traffic model (VISUM) evaluating vehicle fluxes as a function of mobility demand and road network in the area, an emission model (Trefic) estimating pollutants emitted in atmosphere as a function of vehicle fluxes amount and composition and of environmental conditions and a dispersion model (ADMS) evaluating PM concentrations on the area, given the meteorological variables. The three models compose a cascade sequence and results of the previous one feed the next one. PM concentrations computed by the model suite for the town of Bologna, in northern Italy, for the reference period (January 2001) have been compared with air quality stations measurements suggesting the modelling system being especially suitable for evaluating traffic induced PM. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the circulating vehicle fleet have been supposed in order to obtain a realistic scenario for year 2010. Forecasted concentrations have been then compared with limits fixed by current EU legislation for particulate matter
A Monte Carlo calculation of cell inactivation
No full textThis study simulates the exposure of V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts to low-energy protons, deuterons and alpha-particles in the LET range 10-200 keV/mu m. The starting assumption is that the induction of clustered lesions in DNA is a fundamental step for cell inactivation. A non-homogeneous cell population was simulated by a computer program, using as input measured morphological parameters reported in the literature. Variations in the number of traversals through each cell of the population and in the length of the traversal, depending on actual nuclear thickness and position of the traversal, the energy spread of the incident beam, and the change of LET along the tracks were included in the simulation. Microdosimetric spectra were computed and compared with spectra obtained neglecting particle slowing-down and stochastic aspects of cell morphology. Simulated cell survival was estimated under the assumption that surviving cells are those with no clustered DNA lesions or no passages. The main features of experimental RBE Versus LET and particle type were reproduced by the simulations. The influence of stochastic aspects of target-cell morphology and of the energy of the incident particles on survival were investigated under different assumptions about the correlation between morphological parameters. Results support the hypothesis of a relevant role of clustered DNA damage in cell killing and point out the importance of target-cell morphology and its variability in beam dosimetry and computer simulations of low-energy particle radiation effects
Simulazione di flussi all'interno di un tunnel a supporto di un esperimento di misura di emissioni
No full textUn modello di simulazione di campo di vento, turbolenza, e diffusione di inquinanti di tipo è stato utilizzato a supporto di una campagna di misure all'interno di un tunnel. Nella sperimentazione sono state rilevate le concentrazioni di inquinanti emessi da alcuni autobus alimentati con combustibili differenti allo scopo di testare tre nuovi carburanti alternativi e di valutare le emissioni associate al loro utilizzo in condizioni reali. A ciascun carburante è stata dedicata un'intera giornata. Poiché le condizioni di vento all'interno del tunnel si sono presentate differenti durante le misure riferite ai diversi combustibili l'utilizzo del modello fluidodinamico e di dispersione di inquinanti si è reso necessario al fine di rendere le misure indipendenti dalla variabilità anemologica
An evaluation of particle deposition fluxes to cultural heritage sites in Florence, Italy
No full textThe pernicious effects of deposition of airborne particles on monumental stones have been widely demonstrated, but estimates of deposition fluxes on historic buildings remain a hard task because of the lack of careful experiments and modelling. AERBOX is a new box model developed by ENVIROWARE and ENEA, simulating the whole life cycle of aerosols. AERBOX takes into account all the relevant chemical and physical processes involved: emission, chemical reactions in gas and in gas-liquid phases, deposition, entrainment, condensation and nucleation. Concentration and deposition rates of 52 species of gaseous pollutants and 14 species of particulate pollutants are calculated on hourly basis. A modelling system composed by AERBOX and the emission pre-processor Tool for Hourly Speciation of CORINAIR Annual Emissions (THOSCANE) has been applied to estimate the flux of particulate matter deposited on the monumental area of Florence downtown starting from a CORINAIR emission inventory developed by the Tuscany Region including the industrial and mobile sources in the area of Florence and Prato counties. The time and chemical profiles of the emissions have been adapted to the Tuscany region from the reference profiles given by both the California Air Resource Board and EPA and meteorological inputs were given by the Tuscany Meteorological Centre. Concentrations and deposition fluxes were compared with field measurements available in the open literature
An Evaluation of Particle Deposition Fluxes on the Monumental Area of Florence, Italy
No full textThe pernicious effects of deposition of airborne particles on monumental stones have been widely demonstrated, but estimates of deposition fluxes on historic buildings remains an hard task because of the lack of careful experiments and modelling. AERBOX is a new box model, developed by ENVIROWARE Srl and ENEA, simulating the whole life cycle of aerosols. AERBOX takes into account all the relevant chemical and physical processes involved: emission, chemical reactions in gas and in gas-liquid phases, deposition, entrainment, condensation and nucleation. Concentration and deposition rates of 52 species of gaseous pollutants and 14 species of particulate pollutants are calculated on hourly basis. AERBOX has been applied to estimate the flux of particulate matter deposited on the monumental area of Florence downtown. The emission inventory has been developed by the Tuscany Region and it includes the industrial and mobile sources of the 50 km x 50 km surrounding area, referring to the Florence and Prato counties. The time and chemical profiles of the emissions have been adapted to the Tuscany from the reference profiles given by both California Air Resource Board and EPA and meteorological inputs were given by the Tuscany Meteorological Centre. Concentrations and deposition fluxes in typical summer and winter workdays and holidays have been calculated and an estimate of the effects of cumulated deposition on the monuments is also given
The Particle Deposition Flux Monitoring and Analysis Approach of the SUPREME Project
No full textSUPREME, a very articulated project still in progress financed by the Italian Universities and Research Ministry, concern an integrated decision support system finalized to catastrophic events forecast and to prevent and mitigate esondation and air pollution effects on monumental stones. This paper focuses on the aerosols deposition tool. The Eulerian new box model AERBOX simulates the whole life cycle of aerosols and the consequent urban pollution impact due to the flux of particulate matter deposition. Applied on the monumental area of Florence downtown, AERBOX models the industrial and mobile sources of the 50 km x 50 km surrounding area induced pollution, and estimates the aerosol deposition on a user chosen grid. AERBOX takes into account all the relevant chemical and physical processes involved. Concentration and deposition rates of 52 species of gaseous pollutants and 14 species of particulate pollutants are calculated on hourly basis.The time and chemical profiles of the emissions have been adapted to the Florentine region from the reference profiles given by both California Air Resource Board and EPA. The input data have been interfaced to the model with a user-friendly graphical pre-processor. AERBOX calculates concentrations and deposition fluxes in typical summer and winter seasons and it estimates the effects of cumulated deposition on the monuments. Coupled with a post processor visualisation tool, this system can be seen as an useful tool in urban air pollution management and monitoring. Both the pre-processor and the post-processor have been developed by AVS/Express
PM10 Chemical and Physical Characteristics in Two Urban Areas in Northen Italy.Measurements and Pulmonary Deposition Estimate.
No full textThe determination of PAHs in five granulometric fractions of airborne particulate matter below 10 mm has been performed during field campaigns in Bologna and Milan in selected periods during the years 2000 and 2001. In each of the cities three cascade impactors were located at different sites with diverse urban densities and traffic regimes for seven days periods both during the cold season and the warm one. The granulometric spectra have been calculated depicting the mass distribution and the PAH content. The pulmonary model LUDEP developed for radio-protectionistic applications has been adapted and applied for calculating the PAHs deposition in the respiratory tree. The results show that PAHs concentrate in the particulate fraction smaller than 0.4 micron with percentage ranging from 40 to 90 % of the total PAHs adsorbed on PM9 and representing 30-80% of the total mass deposited in the respiratory tree, according to the sampling site and the season
VI Convention Nazionale Ambiente-Ricerca-Giovani. "La chimica e l'ambiente. Progettare un'innovazione sostenibile"
No full textStrumenti di gestione e pianificazione
Monitoraggio ambientale
Educazione e formazione in campo ambientale e nuove professionalità
Modellistica ambientale
Valutazioni di sostenibilità ambientale
Un futuro sostenibile per l’utilizzo dell’energia
La ricerca giovane e le nuove opportunità in campo ambientale per uno sviluppo sostenibile
Prospettive di ricerca in ambito ambientale: il connubio tra imprese e istituzioni di ricerca
Sostenibilità delle tecnologie e dei sistemi produttivi
Etica del ricercatore nell'ambito della scienza e dell'ambiente
Ricerca – trasferimento tecnologico – attività produttiv
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