189,455 research outputs found
The learning mechanisms through public procurement for innovation : the case of government-funded basic research organizations
No full textWe investigate how the procurement activity of government-funded science organizations support the performance of the firms involved in their supply chain. Specifically, the aim of the paper is to identify the mechanisms and disentangle the channels driving this process.
Our testing ground is the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN). We frame our study as a mixed-methods research project: three distinct but complementary methodologies are employed, which combine quantitative and qualitative evidence. Firstly, econometric and Bayesian Network analyses are performed, using the information collected through an online survey to suppliers as well as balance-sheet data extracted from online databases. Then, five case-studies are investigated in-depth, carrying out direct interviews with company staff.
Our findings suggest that four types of benefits stem from suppliers’ cooperation with INFN: learning, innovation, market penetration, and networking. These gains represent “intermediate outputs” which in turn impact on suppliers’ socio-economic performance. We provide evidence that suppliers involved in innovative procurement usually experience the greatest benefits. This is mainly explained by the new technical competencies acquired, which are exploited to develop new products that support company business development and sales. On the contrary, reputational gains, leading to the acquisition of new clients, are experienced also by companies involved in regular procurement
Perforated fairings for landing gear noise control
No full textLanding gears of commercial aircraft make an important contribution to total aircraft noise in the approach configuration. Using fairings to shield components from high speed impingement reduces noise. Furthermore, perforating these fairings has been confirmed by flight tests to further enable noise reduction. Following a more fundamental study on the application of perforated fairings, a study has been performed to investigate and optimize the benefits of bleeding air through landing gear fairings. By means of wind tunnel tests, an aerodynamic and acoustic survey has been performed on a simplified generic main landing gear to explore the influence of (perforated) fairings on the lower part of the gear. The results show that for this specific case, the application of impermeable fairings reduces noise in the mid- and high frequency range by shielding sharp edged components from high velocity impingement. However, below 1 kHz the noise is shown to increase significantly. Application of the perforations is shown to diminish this low frequency increase whilst maintaining the reduction in the mid- and high frequency range. The aerodynamic and acoustic measurements point in the direction of the separated flow of the fairings interacting with the downstream gear components responsible for the low frequency noise increase. Bleeding of the air through the fairings reduces the large scale turbulence in the proximity of these components and hence diminishes the low frequency increase. A sharp noise increase is present in the ground view direction at the 500 Hz centred tertsband for the solid fairing, which is confirmed to originate from the articulation link fairing. The flow around the wheels remains largely unaltered by application of the fairings. Furthermore the application of fairings is shown to suppress vortex shedding from the lower part of the main leg. A study on the effectiveness of perforation location reveals that the stagnation area perforations are responsible for most of the low frequency noise decrease. Both articulation link and undertray fairing contribute to the reduction. Exposing the perforate outside the stagnation area induces perforate self-noise, most significantly on the sides of the lower articulation link fairing. Agreeing with previous studies, the phenomenon scales with the local component of the shearing flow velocity and orifice diameter
Histoire universelle de Trogue Pompée
No full textColofónSign.: A-P\p12\s, Q\p10\sTexto a dúas colApostillas marxinaisGrab. xil. na por
Signiphora plaumanni Molin 2017, n. sp.
No full text<i>Signiphora plaumanni</i> Woolley & Dal Molin, n. sp. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:83BB7E43-C77E-43CE-B182-4D32A71641E3 Figures 317–328</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Fore wing with discal seta; wing venation distinctive, with marginal vein straight, barely curved, and with relatively short setae; ovipositor and ovipositor sheaths short; Mt1 weakly bilobed or almost transverse, with medial portion slightly rounded; Mt8 a thin, transverse strip without a medial incision; antennal clava wide, infuscate in distal ¼, and with a single, finger-like sensillum at apex; scutellum with medial pair of setae closer together than either are to lateral-most setae.</p> <p> <i>Signiphora plaumanni</i> is most similar to <i>S. perpauca</i>, but can be distinguished from it by the mostly dark mesoscutum (brown in anterior 1/3–½ in <i>S. perpauca</i>) and metanotum (yellow or mostly yellow in <i>S. perpauca</i>) and other features given in the key.</p> <p> <b> Description. <i>Female</i>.</b> Length, anterior margin of pronotum to epiproct apex, 0.44–0.58 mm (n=7). Head yellow with brown band around occiput; antenna pale tan except distal 1/5–1/4 of clava distinctly darker. Medial third of pronotum brown, remainder yellow, mesoscutum mostly brown except posterolateral corners yellow, scutellum, metanotum and medial sclerite propodeum yellow or dusky yellow, contrasting with brown lateral sclerites of propodeum and all of metanotum. Fore wing infuscated from base to apex of venation, with lighter areas at wing base.</p> <p> <i>Head.</i> Vertex and frons finely and transversely striate. Mandible bidentate, mandibular ducts enlarged apically. Pedicel length:scape length 0.39–0.53; 3 anelli, second anellus 1/3–2.5× length of first, third anellus 2.7–4.5× length of first, clava length:scape length 1.2–1.6.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma.</i> Mesoscutum and medial sclerite of propodeum transversely imbricate. Scutellum with 4 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla, the medial pair of setae closer together than either is to the lateralmost setae; medial propodeal sclerite rounded, process on medial sclerite narrowly rounded. Fore wing with discal seta, length:width 3.1–3.7; fore wing LMS:fore wing width 1.1–1.3; marginal vein:stigmal vein 2.3–2.8; marginal vein with 6 dorsal and 2 ventral setae; seta M3 length:marginal vein length 0.46–0.57; apical end of costal cell between seta M1 and M2. Hind wing with margins subparallel, hind wing length:width 6.2–6.7; hind wing width:fore wing width 0.47– 0.56; hind wing LMS:hind wing width 2.0–2.2. Mesofemur with one long and one short spine on posteroapical margin, mesotibial spur with 4 or 5 teeth, mesotibial spur:basitarsus 0.78–0.96; basitarsus:mesotibia 0.59–0.65.</p> <p> <i>Metasoma.</i> Mt1 weakly bilobed or almost transverse, with medial portion rounded; Length Mt1:length Mt2 1.0–2.0; anterior-most portion of ovipositor lying under Mt3–Mt5; ovipositor length:metasoma length 0.82–0.96; ovipositor sheath length:ovipositor length 0.18–0.23; Ms3–Ms6 with anterior projections very long; Ms6 between midpoint and posterior 3/4 of metasoma and with 6 setae; Mt8 a thin, transverse strip, without a medial incision.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Type material. HOLOTYPE</b> ♀: slide-mounted in Canada balsam, Brazil, Sta. Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 14.xii.1949, F. Plaumann coll., B.M. 1957-341, BMNH (E) 990296. Holotype deposited in BMNH. <b>PARATYPES:</b> 5 ♀ slide-mounted in balsam and 7 ♀ slide-mounted in Hoyers, data as holotype (BMNH(E) 990291–990294, 990297–990298, 990300–990304) except one ♀ collected 25.xi.1949 (BMNH(E) 990304). Paratypes deposited in BMNH, USNM, TAMU, and Museu Entomológico Fritz Plaumann, Seara, Brazil, with permission of BMNH (E).</p> <p> <b>Other material examined. ECUADOR: Galápagos:</b> 2 ♀, TAMU-ENTO X0609369, X0609371 (TAMU).</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The species is named after Fritz Plaumann, the collector of the type specimens, and a famous and extraordinary collector of micro-Hymenoptera and other insects, who devoted most of his 92 years to exploring and documenting the insect fauna of his region of Brazil.</p>Published as part of <i>Woolley, J. B. & Dal Molin, A., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the flavopalliata species group of Signiphora (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 4315 (1)</i> on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4315.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/858445">http://zenodo.org/record/858445</a>
Signiphora longitibia Molin 2017, n. sp.
No full text<i>Signiphora longitibia</i> Woolley & Dal Molin, n. sp. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3E2DC20F-A0CA-482F-ACAB-8B54D347E051 Figures 245–260</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Fore wing with discal seta; vertex, frons and mesoscutum with reticulate or transversely reticulate sculpture on vertex; mesotibia length subequal to metatibia; Mt 8 in female with anterodorsal margin with a deep, rounded, medial incision; Ms 8 in male with anterior margin with a short anterior projection.</p> <p> Other species in the <i>flavopalliata</i> group have the mesotibia shorter than the metatibia (generally the ratio of mesotibia to metatibia is 0.66–0.75 in other species). This species is most similar to <i>S. fax</i> and <i>S. flavopalliata</i> but can be distinguished from both by the features given above. The sculpture on the vertex and mesoscutum in <i>S. fax</i> and <i>S. flavopalliata</i> is transversely imbricate.</p> <p> <b> Description. <i>Female</i>.</b> Length, anterior margin of pronotum to epiproct apex, 0.46–0.73 mm (n=7). Vertex and frons brown, face and gena tan, clypeus dark brown. Antenna uniformly pale brown. Pronotum and anterior 2/3 mesoscutum brown, posterior 1/3 mesoscutum, scutellum, and metanotum pale tan. Propodeum including medial sclerite tan, medial sclerite dusky in medial portion, some specimens with the propodeum lateral to the medial sclerite dusky or medial sclerite of propodeum dusky in posterior 1/3–2/3. Metasoma uniformly brown to apex or Mt5–Mt7 occasionally lighter brown than the preceding terga. Fore wing infuscated from 1/4–1/2 the distance between distal end stigmal vein and wing apex with basal hyaline areas normal for <i>flavopalliata</i> group.</p> <p> <i>Head.</i> Vertex and frons strongly reticulate. Mandible bidentate with short teeth, mandibular ducts enlarged apically. Pedicel length:scape length 0.53–0.62; 3 anelli, second anellus 2.0× length of first, third anellus 3.0× length of first; clava length:scape length 1.19–1.40.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i>. Pronotum transversely reticulate, mesoscutum strongly reticulate. Scutellum and metanotum weakly reticulate, propodeum with medial sclerite reticulate. Scutellum with 4 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla, medial propodeal sclerite rounded, process on medial sclerite narrowly rounded. Fore wing with discal seta, length:width 3.0–3.6; fore wing LMS:fore wing width 1.0–1.6; marginal vein length:stigmal vein length 2.4–2.7, marginal vein with 6 dorsal and 2 ventral setae; seta M3 length:marginal vein length 0.68–0.75; apical end of costal cell between seta M1 and M2. Hind wing margins subparallel, hind wing length:width 6.8–9.0; hind wing width:fore wing width 0.33–0.44; hind wing LMS:hind wing width 2.22–3.00. Mesofemur with one long and one short spine on posteroapical margin, mesotibial spur with 6–8 teeth; mesotibial spur length:basitarsus length 0.86– 1.00; basitarsus length:mesotibia length 0.44–0.51.</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i>. Mt1 bilobed with medial portion rounded or occasionally transverse (see discussion); Mt1 length:Mt2 length 1.0–2.0; ovipositor with anterior-most portion lying under Mt2 or Mt3; ovipositor length:metasoma length 0.68–1.03; ovipositor sheath length:ovipositor length 0.25–0.28; Ms3–Ms6 with anterior projections medium to long; Ms 6 in posterior 1/4 of metasoma and with 6–8 setae; Mt8 with anterodorsal margin with a deep, rounded medial incision, extending almost to posterior margin, anterior margins lateral to medial incision transverse or sloping broadly anteriorly.</p> <p> <b> <i>Male</i>.</b> Length, anterior margin of pronotum to epiproct apex, 0.44–0.56 mm (n=4). As described for female except clava length:scape length 1.25–1.36. Genitalia normal for <i>flavopalliata</i> group, digitus with 1 apical denticle and 1 seta at its midpoint, digitus length approximately 2× its width. Ms8 with anterior margin with a pointed medial projection; Ms8 extending to cerci laterally.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> Mt1 is bilobed with a rounded medial portion in the type series and in most other specimens; one female from the Guatemala series (USNM ENT 00763145) has the medial portion of Mt1 transverse. The metasoma is uniformly brown in specimens from Mexico, in the females from Guatemala Mt5–Mt7 are lighter brown than the preceding terga. Two series of specimens from Belize, Toledo District (CNC HYMEN 00122362) and Brazil, Amazonas, Fonte Boa [prob. Fonte Boas] (CNC HYMEN 0 0 122363 and 00122364) fit the diagnosis for this species, except that the mesotibia is shorter than the metatibia (about 2/3 the length); as is typical in other species in the <i>flavopalliata</i> group.</p> <p> <b>Type material. HOLOTYPE</b> ♀: in Hoyer's, UCRC ENT 299589 MEXICO, COLIMA, Manzanillo, coll. P. DeBach and M. Rose, 21-I-1975, ex:? <i>Aleurothrixus floccosus</i> on citrus, original material. The holotype is mounted with 15 paratypes under a single cover slip. The holotype female is at the bottom of the left-most column of 4 specimens. The slide has been labeled accordingly and is deposited in UCR. <b>PARATYPES:</b> 10 ♀, 5 ♂ in Hoyer's, same slide as holotype, data as holotype female. 5 ♀ and 4 ♂ in Hoyer’s (TAMU-ENTO X0828037–X0828045); Florida, Dade Co., Everglades National Park Visitor Center, 12.xii.1985, C.W. Melton and H.W. Browning, ex: whitefly on cocoa plum. Paratypes deposited UCR, TAMU, USNM, BMNH.</p> <p> <b>Other material examined. GUATEMALA:</b> 1 mixed series. USNM ENT 763145 (USNM). <b>MEXICO:</b> 1 mixed series. USNM ENT 763146 (USNM). <b>MEXICO: Colima:</b> 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 sex unknown, all inside whitefly hosts. UCRC ENT 299595–299598 (UCR). <b>PERU: Huanaco:</b> 6 ♀ and 2 sex unknown. BMNH (E) 990267– 990272 and BMNH (E) 1038875–1038876 (BMNH).</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> All material examined was reared from Aleyrodidae. Rose (personal communication) recalled that the collections in Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico (type locality) were from ant-run, high density <i>A. floccosus</i> populations, from which four or five other species of parasitoids were reared. Other <i>Signiphora</i> reared from whitefly in similar circumstances are usually hyperparasitoids.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> From Latin, <i>longus</i> = long, plus tibia, referring to the unusually long mesotibia. The specific epithet is an adjective.</p>Published as part of <i>Woolley, J. B. & Dal Molin, A., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the flavopalliata species group of Signiphora (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 4315 (1)</i> on pages 70-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4315.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/858445">http://zenodo.org/record/858445</a>
Signiphora curepensis Molin 2017, n. sp.
No full text<i>Signiphora curepensis</i> Woolley & Dal Molin, n. sp. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:43A7E3C1-20A9-42B2-A9A7-3F32F4052E58 Figures 109–124</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Fore wing with discal seta; mesoscutum with 2 or 4 setae; scutellum with 5 or 6 setae; Mt1 with medial portion rounded; propodeum and metasoma uniformly brown; Mt 8 in female with anterodorsal margin with a rounded, medial incision; Ms 8 in male with an anteromedial projection and anterior and posterior margins concave.</p> <p> The seta on the axilla is short (less than length of the scutellum) compared to <i>S. flavopalliata</i> and <i>S. fax</i> (generally subequal to or more than the length of scutellum). The dorsal spines on the mesotibia are shorter (length distal spine:length mesotibia 0.26–0.36) than in <i>S. flavopalliata</i> females (0.48–0.60) or <i>S. fax</i> females (0.43–0.52).</p> <p> <b> Description. <i>Female</i>.</b> Length, anterior margin of pronotum to epiproct apex, 0.62–0.71 mm (n=5). Vertex and frons light brown, face and gena slightly lighter brown, antenna uniformly pale brown. Pronotum and mesoscutum (except posterolateral corners) light brown (dark brown, almost black in card-mounted specimens); scutellum and metanotum very pale tan (yellow in card mounts); propodeum including medial sclerite and metasoma light brown to apex (dark brown to black in card-mounts); medial sclerite of propodeum sometimes slightly lighter brown than lateral sclerites, Mt8, epiproct and ovipositor sheaths often darker brown than Mt1 through Mt7. Fore wing infuscated from base to distal end stigmal vein with usual hyaline areas at wing base.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>. Vertex and frons finely and transversely striate with four longitudinal rows of minute punctations. Mandible bidentate, mandibular ducts enlarged apically. Pedicel length:scape length 0.59–0.70; 3 anelli, second anellus 2.0–3.0× length of first, third anellus 3.0–4.0 length of first; clava length:scape length 1.44–1.60.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i>. Pronotum and mesoscutum transversely imbricate, propodeum with medial sclerite weakly imbricate. Scutellum with 5 or 6 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla; medial propodeal sclerite rounded, process on medial sclerite rounded. Fore wing with discal seta, length:width 2.9–3.5; fore wing LMS:fore wing width 1.2–1.5; marginal vein length:stigmal length 2.4–3.1; marginal vein with 6 dorsal and 0 or 1 ventral setae; seta M3 length:marginal vein length 0.39–0.65; apical end of costal cell at seta M2 to seta M3. Hind wing margins subparallel, hind wing length:width 6.0–7.0; hind wing width:fore wing width 0.40–0.50; hind wing LMS:hind wing width 2.44–3.00. Mesofemur with one long and one short spine on posteroapical margin, mesotibial spur with 4 or 5 teeth; mesotibial spur length:basitarsus length 0.70–0.87, basitarsus length:mesotibia length 0.46–0.50.</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i>. Mt1 bilobed with medial portion rounded; Mt1 length:Mt2 length 1.0–2.0, ovipositor with anteriormost portion lying under Mt2–Mt4; ovipositor length:metasoma length 0.49–0.73; ovipositor sheath:ovipositor length 0.18–0.22; Ms3–Ms6 with anterior projections of medium length; Ms 6 in posterior 1/4 of metasoma and with 6 setae; Mt8 with anterodorsal margin with a deep, rounded, medial incision, margins lateral to medial incision rounded and produced anteriorly.</p> <p> <b> <i>Male</i>.</b> Length, anterior margin of pronotum to epiproct apex, 0.43–0.51 mm (n=4). As described for female except clava length:scape length 1.38–1.57. Genitalia normal for <i>flavopalliata</i> group, digitus with one apical denticle and one seta at its midpoint; digitus length approximately twice its width; Ms8 with posterior margin broadly concave, anterior margin pointed medially and broadly concave lateral to anteromedial point; Ms8 length:width approximately 0.33.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> Specimens of both sexes examined from Trinidad have four setae on the mesoscutum, all other species in the <i>flavopalliata</i> group have 2 setae on the mesoscutum. The number of setae on the scutellum is apparently quite variable and ranges from 4–8 in females and 4–6 in males. A single female specimen collected by Plaumann, Nova Teutonia, Brazil, 1.vii.1944 (BMNH(E) 990320) generally fits the concept of this species, except that the dorsal spines on the mesotibiae are longer.</p> <p> <b>Type material. HOLOTYPE</b> ♀: in balsam, (BMNH (E) 990282); BRAZIL, SANTA CATARINA, Nova Teutonia, coll. F. Plaumann, 23.xi.1949, BM 1957-341. Holotype deposited in BMNH. <b>PARATYPES:</b> 8 ♀ and 5 ♂ in balsam and 16 specimens on cards (sex not clear) data as holotype except some collected 17.xi.1949, 20.xi.1949, 21.xi.1949, or 30.xi.1949 [BMNH(E) 990273–990281 and BMNH(E) 990283–990286, BMNH(E) 1038877–1038892]. Paratypes deposited in BMNH, USNM, TAMU, MZUSP, UFES, with permission of BMNH(E).</p> <p> <b>Other material examined. BRAZIL: Santa Catarina:</b> 1 ♀, BMNH (E) 990320 (BMNH). <b>MEXICO: Quintana Roo:</b> 1 ♀, CIBE 01-0204-003 (UANL). <b>TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO:</b> 2 ♂, 12 ♀, CNCHYMEN 122365 – 122378 (CNC).</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named after Curepe, Trinidad, locality of one of longer series of specimens.</p>Published as part of <i>Woolley, J. B. & Dal Molin, A., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the flavopalliata species group of Signiphora (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 4315 (1)</i> on pages 36-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4315.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/858445">http://zenodo.org/record/858445</a>
Miguel REQUENA, El emperador predestinado. Los presagios de poder en época imperial romana.
No full textMolin Michel. Miguel REQUENA, El emperador predestinado. Los presagios de poder en época imperial romana.. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 72, 2003. p. 565
Relief and Drainage Integration as Geomorphic Expressions of Regional Uplift and Local Footwall Flexure in a Portion of Sila Massif, Southern Apennines (Calabria, Italy)
No full textCuffie neonatali rinvenute nella "Tomba Tartini" nella chiesa di S. Caterina in Padova: studio dei materiali
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