130,487 research outputs found
PIWI alla prova in vigneto e cantina
No full textGli esiti della valutazione agronomica ed enologica triennale di alcuni vitigni Piwi in Valcamonica e Valtellina. La sperimentazione è stata svolta all’interno del progetto Valsovica (Valorizzazione sostenibile della viticoltura camuna) e proseguirà, estesa a tutta la fascia montana e pedemontana lombarda, con il progetto Vitaval. I risultati hanno confermato l’assoluta adattabilità dei vitigni analizzati all’ambiente montano,
suggerendo anche i passi da seguire per sfruttarne appieno le loro potenzialità
Vitigni PIWI in Lombardia, positiva la valutazione delle uve
No full textTra le varietà PIWI provate in Lombardia, dai rilievi
di quest’anno la varietà PIWI Solaris si conferma
generalmente precoce e con un contenuto zuccherino
medio di 24 °Brix nella fascia collinare bergamasca
e lecchese; Souvigner gris in Valcamonica si caratterizza
per l’elevata acidità total
Indici vegetazionali per gestire lo stato idrico in vigneto
No full textLa stima dello stato idrico del vigneto attraverso l’indice vegetazionale NDVI permette di monitorare frequentemente ampie superfici e di gestire più efficientemente l’acqua di irrigazione
che viene distribuita solo quando e dove serve, secondo i principi della viticoltura di precisione.
Fondamentale risulta la validazione sito-specifica
Tecniche per proteggere le viti dal cambiamento climatico
No full textAumento delle temperature, prolungata siccità,
temporali e grandinate estremi possono
compromettere la produzione. Per aumentare
la resilienza dei vigneti, sono state messe a punto
diverse pratiche agronomiche: dall’irrigazione di
precisione all’uso delle reti ombreggianti e del
caolino fino alla scelta del portinnesti
In Val Chiavenna i vitigni del passato diventano risorsa per il futuro
No full textLa preservazione della biodiversità ampelografica passa per la riscoperta, lo studio e la sperimentazione di varietà antiche per valutarne le prestazioni enologiche e agronomiche
Large-scale chromatin morpho-functional changes during mammalian oocyte growth and differentiation
No full textMammalian oocyte development is characterized by impressive changes in chromatin structure and function within the germinal vesicle (GV). These changes are crucial to confer the oocyte with meiotic and developmental competencies. In cow, oocytes collected from early and middle antral follicles present four patterns of chromatin configuration, from GV0 to GV3, and its progressive condensation has been related to the achievement of developmental potential. During oogenesis, follicular cells are essential for the acquisition of meiotic and developmental competencies and communicate with the oocyte by paracrine and gap junction mediated mechanisms. We recently analyzed the role of gap junction communications (GJC) on chromatin remodeling process during the specific phase of folliculogenesis that coincides with the transcriptional silencing and sequential acquisition of meiotic and developmental capabilities. Our studies demonstrated that GJC between germinal and somatic compartments plays a fundamental role in the regulation of chromatin remodeling and transcription activities during the final oocyte differentiation, throughout cAMP dependent mechanism(s)
INFLUENCE OF THE INTERACTION SCION X ROOTSTOCK ON GRAPEVINE RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS AS A TOOL IN NEW GRAPEVINE ROOTSTOCKS BREEDING PROGRAMS.
No full textViticulture is expected to face several challenges related to current and future climate changes. Particularly, the vine-growing areas experiencing severe drought stress are expected to increase in the coming years. This could affect grape quality and yield, as well as the character and style of wines, and, more generally, the viticultural potential of many regions. Many studies suggest adaptive strategies to address changing environmental conditions, and the use of drought-tolerant rootstocks is considered an effective mid-term solution to mitigate and manage these negative impacts. However, the range of available rootstocks is limited, and most of them were selected in the late 19th century, when grapevine cultivation practices vastly differed from those of today. As a result, there is a growing demand for drought-tolerant rootstocks that are suitable for modern viticulture. In response to this request, some new genotypes have been released in recent years. Among those, the M-series by University of Milano has shown promising performances in different viticultural contexts.
A deep insight into the behaviour of these new rootstocks under water stress conditions, especially in comparison to traditional ones, could provide valuable information, useful at different levels. On one hand, a better understanding of rootstocks performance under drought stress would support winegrowers in making informed decisions when planning new vineyards. On the other hand, it would provide breeders with crucial data on the grapevine responses to water stress, with particular regard to the complex interaction between scion and rootstock, allowing them to better direct their research efforts. To address these questions, three experiments were conducted. The first study evaluates the scion x rootstock interaction effect on drought tolerance, considering two grapevine varieties characterized by different physiological strategies against water stress. More in detail, the study aimed to: (a) analyse the behaviour of ungrafted rootstocks (1103P, M4) and own-rooted vines (Sangiovese, Montepulciano) under increasing water deficit conditions and after rewatering; (b) evaluate the behaviour of the four grafting combinations in the same experimental conditions; and (c) assess the response of the four grafting combinations to different drought dynamics. The second experiment delves into the specific water stress tolerance strategies employed by the two grafting combinations of Pinot Blanc with 1103P and M4, focusing particularly on changes in morphology of the scion, including leaf, petiole and xylem vessels induced by rootstocks. The third experiment examines the influence of rootstock on grapevine production and quality. When selecting a rootstock, it is important not only to assess its tolerance to water stress but also to consider its impact on grape quality, taking into account environmental conditions and oenological objectives. This study analysed six different grafting combinations of Chardonnay with 1103P, SO4, M1, M2, M3, M4, all cultivated in the same vineyard over a four-year period. Data on production per plant, vine vigour, and must quality (sugar content, pH, total acidity, K+ concentration) were collected. Furthermore, micro-vinifications of the six combinations were produced in two years and wines sensorial characteristics were evaluated.
The results generally highlight the crucial role of the interplay between rootstock, scion, and water stress intensity in shaping drought response mechanisms. Specifically, differences in leaf gas
exchange are primarily driven by the variety under moderate water stress and by the rootstock under severe water stress and after rewatering. In particular, M4 outperforms 1103P, demonstrating a superior response under severe water stress conditions and a faster recovery following rehydration. This pattern is consistently observed across all three grafted combinations: Pinot Blanc, Sangiovese, and Montepulciano.
The differing responses of the two rootstocks appear to be influenced by both chemical and morphological factors. In particular, variations in osmolyte content and mobilization patterns were observed. On the other hand, an interaction between rootstock genotype and water stress level was identified for Pinot Blanc. Under water stress, 1103P induced a higher density of vessels with smaller diameters, whereas M4 did not cause any notable changes in xylem anatomy. Additionally, a loss of hydraulic conductivity was observed in the stems and petioles of vines grafted onto 1103P, indicating a greater vulnerability to cavitation compared to those grafted onto M4.
Finally, the results of productive and qualitative parameters collected in open field on six grafting combinations of Chardonnay, highlight a statistically significant influence of the rootstock on most of the analysed parameters. Differences were found also in the sensory characteristics of the wines, highlighting the critical role of rootstock selection in achieving the desired oenological goal.
In conclusion, this work analysed various aspects related to the role of the rootstock and its close interaction with the scion in the grapevine's response to water stress. In particular, the rootstock can induce different morphological and physiological responses in the plant under water deficit conditions, which can determine a varying degree of tolerance to water stress of the different grafting combination. In this context, it is important to highlight how this knowledge could be important for farmers in making optimal rootstock x scion choices for their vineyards and for breeders for the selection of new rootstocks tailored to specific cultivars or environmental condition
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Endocrine pancreas development at weaning in goat kids
No full textEighteen three-day old Saanen goat kids were divided into MILK and WEAN groups. MILK kids received goat milk to age 48 days; WEAN kids were initially fed milk but started weaning at 25 days and were completely weaned by 40 days. Total intake per group was recorded daily. On day 25, 40 and 48, body weights were recorded, and plasma samples were taken and analyzed for glucose, free amino-acids and insulin. On day 48, all animals were slaughtered and pancreas samples were analyzed for total DNA and RNA content. Histological sections of pancreas were examined by light microscope and images analyzed by dedicated software. Seven days after the beginning of the weaning program, dry matter intake in the WEAN group began to decrease compared to the MILK one. Nonetheless, body weight did not differ throughout the study period. Weaning significantly decreased plasma levels of glucose, amino-acids and insulin. No difference was observed in pancreatic DNA and RNA content. Histological analysis of pancreas showed that the size of pancreatic islets was not different, but islet number per section was lower in the pancreas of WEAN animals. In conclusion, weaning affects glucose and amino-acid metabolism and influences endocrine pancreas activity and morphology
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