117 research outputs found
Flood Management Lower Moshi
No full textIn 2014, NGO FT Kilimanjaro (FTK) focussed on southern Lower Moshi in order to avoid poverty and despair in this place. This southern Lower Moshi area is situated south of TPC; a large sugarcane plantation in the North of Tanzania, south of Mt. Kilimanjaro. After the exploratory interviews with the villagers, conducted by FTK, it appeared that their biggest troubles are the result of the yearly floods. In order to solve their main troubles, the cause of the problem had to be further investigated. This is the main reason why this research has been conducted and this report has been written. The goal of this study is to understand the flooding problem and to come up with practical solutions for this problem. In this report an extensive research is described and an intergral solution is presented.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
Flood Management: A technical solution for the flooding problems encountered in the Lower Moshi area
No full textThis report focuses on the flooding problems in the Lower Moshi area, Tanzania. These floods are the result of the extremely large catchment of the Kilimanjaro region in combination with large peaks in precipitation during the short and the long rainy seasons. The river bordering the area of interest cannot handle these quantities of water which results in the flooding of large plains. The local self-sustaining communities cannot harvest their crops during these seasons complicating their living conditions. Furthermore, essential facilities such as schools and medical care become unreachable during the floods and they lead to diseases being spread and an overall reduction of sanitation. Apart from their negative effects they also have positive outcomes however. The floods decrease the salinity of the soil of the agricultural land by flushing it, thus making it more fertile Last year a group of students from TU Delft came to the Lower Moshi area to investigate the cause of the flooding and come up with solutions. The report from the previous group is referred to as the prefeasibility study. This year the client, FT Kilimanjaro, made the request to work out their solutions in more detail and come up with a cost estimate. The goal of this project is to improve the welfare in the Lower Moshi area by developing a technical solution that prevents the short rain flooding and regulates the long rain flooding which is socially acceptable, feasible, and durable.Hydraulic Engineering, Construction Management and Engineering, WatermanagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Present consumption and forecasting of sawnwood in Arusha and Moshi municipalities
No full textMaster Dissertationcarried out in Arusha and Moshi Municipalities for the year 2007, 2012 and’2017 to
determine the consumption of sawnwood in the target years. The sampling units
were obtained from a sampling frame of a list of Wards in each municipality bv
random selection. A sampling intensity of 30 % of the population was applied in all
Questionnaire on specially prep were used to obtain data from the
interviewees and data from
respective public offices. The was doze usfrm SPSS and MS excel
' I56CC'■er
Arusha Municipality and 4 904.5C~ > f CI SHVn-.¥CC., were
respectively of sawnwood. In Moshi Municipality' about
consumed was hardwood. The per 1000 capita consumptions for —her in Arusha
indicating that Arusha
consumed nearly 2.50 times more sawnwood than Moshi Municipality. The high
incomes in the area influenced the greater consumption of sawnwood in Arusha
Municipality than in Moshi Municipality'. Forecasted consumptions for Arusha
108.05m3 for 2007, 329.724m3 for 2012 and 1006.29m3 in 2017.
While in Moshi the consumption forecasts are 41.80 m3 in 2007, 200.70 for 2012
and 331.30m3 in 2017. From these results the consumption of timber in the two
Municipalities shows to be increasing, all types of hardwood timber species
The study on Present Consumption and Forecasting of sawnwood Consumption was
consumed included the lesser known. There is a large demand of sawntimber in both
Municipality are
: o j
es were collected from registers in
c she w
and the remaining 5 307.49 m3 was hardwood, repres
f of sawnwood
consumed in 2006. In Arusha Munlcmalitv softwood
interviewees were selected randomly.
and Moshi Municipalities were 86.44 nT and 33.98 mJ
programmes. The results of consumed
cases. From the selected wards
Ill
Municipalities and that their sources were too far, about 1000 km away. It is
recommended that more efforts are needed through afforestation by increasing areas
under forests and by following sustainable forest management proceduresRegional Administrations of Arusha and Kilimanjaro Regions,
and official
Biochemical basis of permethrin resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from Lower Moshi, north-eastern Tanzania.
No full textBACKGROUND: Development of resistance to different classes of insecticides is a potential threat to malaria control. With the increasing coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets in Tanzania, the continued monitoring of resistance in vector populations is crucial. It may facilitate the development of novel strategies to prevent or minimize the spread of resistance. In this study, metabolic-based mechanisms conferring permethrin (pyrethroid) resistance were investigated in Anopheles arabiensis of Lower Moshi, Kilimanjaro region of north-eastern Tanzania. METHODS: WHO susceptibility test kits were used to detect resistance to permethrin in An. arabiensis. The levels and mechanisms of permethrin resistance were determined using CDC bottle bioassays and microplate (biochemical) assays. In bottle bioassays, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and s,s,s-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) were used as synergists to inhibit mixed function oxidases and non-specific esterases respectively. Biochemical assays were carried out in individual mosquitoes to detect any increase in the activity of enzymes typically involved in insecticide metabolism (mixed function oxidases, alpha- and beta-esterases). RESULTS: Anopheles arabiensis from the study area was found to be partially resistant to permethrin, giving only 87% mortality in WHO test kits. Resistance ratios at KT50 and KT95 were 4.0 and 4.3 respectively. The permethrin resistance was partially synergized by DEF and by PBO when these were mixed with permethrin in bottle bioassays and was fully synergized when DEF and PBO were used together. The levels of oxidase and beta-esterase activity were significantly higher in An. arabiensis from Lower Moshi than in the laboratory susceptible strain. There was no difference in alpha-esterase activity between the two strains. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of mixed function oxidases and beta-esterases play a role in detoxification of permethrin in the resistant An. arabiensis population of Lower Moshi
Comparative Evaluation of Four Mosquitoes Sampling Methods in Rice Irrigation Schemes of Lower Moshi, Northern Tanzania.
No full textAdult malaria vector sampling is the most important parameter for setting up an intervention and understanding disease dynamics in malaria endemic areas. The intervention will ideally be species-specific according to sampling output. It was the objective of this study to evaluate four sampling techniques, namely human landing catch, pit shelter, indoor resting collection and odour-baited entry trap. These four sampling methods were evaluated simultaneously for thirty days during October 2008, a season of low mosquitoes density and malaria transmission. These trapping methods were performed in one village for maximizing homogeneity in mosquito density. The cattle and man used in odour-baited entry trap were rotated between the chambers to avoid bias. A total of 3,074 mosquitoes were collected. Among these 1,780 (57.9%) were Anopheles arabiensis and 1,294 (42.1%) were Culex quinquefasciatus. Each trap sampled different number of mosquitoes, Indoor resting collection collected 335 (10.9%), Odour-baited entry trap-cow 1,404 (45.7%), Odour-baited entry trap-human 378 (12.3%), Pit shelter 562 (18.3%) and HLC 395 (12.8%). General linear model univariate analysis method was used, position of the trapping method had no effect on mosquito density catch (DF = 4, F = 35.596, P = 0.78). Days variation had no effect on the collected density too (DF = 29, F = 4.789, P = 0.09). The sampling techniques had significant impact on the caught mosquito densities (DF = 4, F = 34.636, P < 0.0001). The Wilcoxon pair-wise comparison between mosquitoes collected in human landing catch and pit shelter was significant (Z = -3.849, P < 0.0001), human landing catch versus Indoor resting collection was not significant (Z = -0.502, P = 0.615), human landing catch versus odour-baited entry trap-man was significant (Z = -2.687, P = 0.007), human landing catch versus odour-baited entry trap-cow was significant (Z = -3.127, P = 0.002). Odour-baited traps with different baits and pit shelter have shown high productivity in collecting higher densities of mosquitoes than human landing catch. These abilities are the possibilities of replacing the human landing catch practices for sampling malaria vectors in areas with An. arabiensis as malaria vectors. Further evaluations of these sampling methods need to be investigated is other areas with different species
Ethnomedicine of the Kagera Region, north western Tanzania. Part 2: The medicinal plants used in Katoro Ward, Bukoba District.
No full text\ud
The Kagera region of north western Tanzania has a rich culture of traditional medicine use and practices. The dynamic inter-ethnic interactions of different people from the surrounding countries constitute a rich reservoir of herbal based healing practices. This study, the second in an ongoing series, reports on the medicinal plant species used in Katoro ward, Bukoba District, and tries to use the literature to establish proof of the therapeutic claims. Ethnomedical information was collected using semi-structured interviews in Kyamlaile and Kashaba villages of Katoro, and in roadside bushes on the way from Katoro to Bukoba through Kyaka. Data collected included the common/local names of the plants, parts used, the diseases treated, methods of preparation, dosage, frequency and duration of treatments. Information on toxicity and antidote were also collected. Literature was consulted to get corroborative information on similar ethnomedical claims and proven biological activities of the plants. Thirty three (33) plant species for treatment of 13 different disease categories were documented. The most frequently treated diseases were those categorized as specific diseases/conditions (23.8% of all remedies) while eye diseases were the least treated using medicinal plants (1.5% of all remedies). Literature reports support 47% of the claims including proven anti-malarial, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activity or similar ethnomedical uses. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part (20 species) followed by roots (13 species) while making of decoctions, pounding, squeezing, making infusions, burning and grinding to powder were the most common methods used to prepare a majority of the therapies. Therapeutic claims made on plants used in traditional medicine in Katoro ward of Bukoba district are well supported by literature, with 47% of the claims having already been reported. This study further enhances the validity of plants used in traditional medicine in this region as resources that can be relied on to provide effective, accessible and affordable basic healthcare to the local communities. The plants documented also have the potential of being used in drug development and on farm domestication initiatives.\u
Rescue children who are on the street : case study of Amani Children Home at Moshi Municipality
No full textThe number of street children is increasing on the street as well as on the children centers in Moshi municipality from day to day.
The purpose of this project is to explored why the number of street children is increasing in Moshi, what might be the root cause of the problem and what kind of intervention required in addressing the problem from community level.
This project examined Moshi response to the growing problem of street children taking Amani Children Centre as a case study and explored the kind of intervention which is in place and contribution of various stakeholders to address the problem of street children. Also aimed to explore the kind of policies and strategies that are in place in the community to mitigate the problem, how Tanzania is dealing with the increasing number of street children, how community structures could be empower, to play their roles in care and protection of vulnerable children. The roles of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in addressing the problem. Which measures have being in place so far by African countries to deal with the problem.
The study was conducted at Amani Children Home as starting point to explore different information and views from street children t, Community Organisation staff, management and other stakeholders about the problem.
The methods used to explore the information from different sources were survey,. Report reviews/documentary which were obtained at the children centers, Focus Group Discussion, Transect walk, Observation method which took the author to the streets and observes the group of children.The findings of the Community Needs Assessment shows that the root cause of the problem is existing poverty among the families, lack of adequate education on children rights, death of parents as result of HIV/AIDS and other death cause, separation of parent and children behavior influenced by peer groups. (Author abstract)Urassa, N. A. (2007). Rescue children who are on the street: case study of Amani Children Home at Moshi Municipality. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen
Sustainable Management of the African Great Lake Coastal Areas: Motivations and Perspectives of Community Citizen Scientists
No full textThe long-term sustainability of the African Great Lakes is strongly connected to the management and monitoring of their coastal areas. Yet, the communities that live in these areas are rarely involved in monitoring and have limited influence on key management issues. Furthermore, regulatory activities and knowledge sharing in these transnational ecosystems are strongly limited by funding and infrastructure limitations. Citizen science has great potential to advance both scientific and public understanding of the state of the environment. However, there remains a limited understanding of participants' motivations and expectations, especially in developing countries, where citizen science has great potential to complement regulatory monitoring. The present study explores the motivations of citizen scientists in villages along Lake Tanganyika's northern coast and their potential to take a more active role in lake management. Motivations were examined through qualitative interviews, focus groups, and quantitative surveys with 110 citizen scientists and 110 non-citizen scientists from participating villages. Key motivational factors identified were the desire to contribute to scientific research and local knowledge, as well as aspects of financial compensation. The results confirm that participation in citizen science provides many benefits to participants beyond their role as data aggregators and final knowledge users. However, the incentives to participation varied to those typically considered in citizen science programs conducted in developed countries. To create sustainable long-term community based environmental monitoring, these motivations should be incorporated in the program design and participant recruitment. © 2023, The Author(s)
Species shifts in the Anopheles gambiae complex: do LLINs successfully control Anopheles arabiensis?
No full textINTRODUCTION: High coverage of conventional and long-lasting insecticide treated nets (ITNs and LLINs) in parts of E Africa are associated with reductions in local malaria burdens. Shifts in malaria vector species ratio have coincided with the scale-up suggesting that some species are being controlled by ITNs/LLINs better than others. METHODS: Between 2005-2006 six experimental hut trials of ITNs and LLINs were conducted in parallel at two field stations in northeastern Tanzania; the first station was in Lower Moshi Rice Irrigation Zone, an area where An. arabiensis predominates, and the second was in coastal Muheza, where An. gambiae and An. funestus predominate. Five pyrethroids and one carbamate insecticide were evaluated on nets in terms of insecticide-induced mortality, blood-feeding inhibition and exiting rates. RESULTS: In the experimental hut trials mortality of An. arabiensis was consistently lower than that of An. gambiae and An. funestus. The mortality rates in trials with pyrethroid-treated nets ranged from 25-52% for An. arabiensis, 63-88% for An. gambiae s.s. and 53-78% for An. funestus. All pyrethroid-treated nets provided considerable protection for the occupants, despite being deliberately holed, with blood-feeding inhibition (percentage reduction in biting rates) being consistent between species. Veranda exiting rates did not differ between species. Percentage mortality of mosquitoes tested in cone bioassays on netting was similar for An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. CONCLUSIONS: LLINs and ITNs treated with pyrethroids were more effective at killing An. gambiae and An. funestus than An. arabiensis. This could be a major contributing factor to the species shifts observed in East Africa following scale up of LLINs. With continued expansion of LLIN coverage in Africa An. arabiensis is likely to remain responsible for residual malaria transmission, and species shifts might be reported over larger areas. Supplementary control measures to LLINs may be necessary to control this vector species
Current and future prospects of integrating traditional and alternative medicine in the management of diseases in Tanzania
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