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    Activity of oxalic and citric acids on the mite Varroa destructor in laboratory assays

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    The toxicity of oxalic and citric acid to Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman was studied with a laboratory assay. A contact test was used for the bioassay. Capsules were sprayed with solutions of the acids in a Potter tower and allowed to dry. Slight but significant differences in toxicity of oxalic acid were found among mites from different brood stages; the median lethal density for mites from pupae with white eyes was 1.49 μ\mug/cm2^2. Citric acid was less toxic than oxalic acid. The addition of sucrose to oxalic acid made the material more hygroscopic and the mortality of the mites increased at 75% R.H. Glycerol showed a similar synergic activity irrespective of relative humidity

    The resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. to acaricides

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    A serious problem in the control of the mite Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans is the selection of acaricide-resistant strains. Increased tolerance of this mite to several active substances (acrinathrin, amitraz, bromopropylate, chlordimeform, coumaphos, flumethrin, fluvalinate) was determined with laboratory assays or presumed as the most likely explanation of decreased field efficacy. Resistance to fluvalinate in Italy and later in other countries caused heavy damage to beekeeping. Early detection of the presence of resistant Varroa mites was crucial to reduce losses. Regarding resistance management tactics, 'moderation tactics' seem to be more suitable than 'high dose tactics' to delay the selection of resistant Varroa strains. © Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Pari
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