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Influence of the mode of intravenous administration on the penetration of ceftazidime into tissues and pleural exudate of rats.
No full textThe influence of the mode of intravenous (i.v.) administration (bolus injection or continuous infusion) on the tissue penetration of ceftazidime was studied in the rat. The antibiotic concentration was monitored in serum, pleural exudate, vitreous humor, kidney, liver, lung, testicles and epididymal fat tissue. Administration as a bolus resulted in a significantly higher AUC in pleural exudate and in higher peak levels in serum, liver and lung than continuous infusion, which produced a higher peak concentration in kidney than a bolus. No differences in AUC and peak concentrations between the two methods of administration were observed in the other tissues or fluids. With either method of administration the highest antibiotic accumulation was observed in kidney
Saliva concentration of amoxicillin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin in outpatients: a comparisojn between the young and the elderly.
No full text
Teicoplanin concentrations in serum, pericardium, pericardial fluid and thoracic wall fat in patients undergoing cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery
No full textInfluence of human ascitic fluid on the in vitro antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin
No full textWe investigated the in vitro influence of HAF on the antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin against Escherichia coli ATCC 10798, Escherichia coli K-12, Proteus rettgeri (Sanelli), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 1808 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Human ascitic fluid was obtained from 6 cirrhotic patients by paracentesis. The interaction effect was evaluated by the checkerboard technique. Our results indicate the ability of human ascitic fluid to reduce minimum inhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria, but not against Gram-positives
Influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on ciprofloxacin concentration in serum, pericardium, pericardial fluid and thoracic wall fat
No full textCefazolin concentrations in serum during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
No full textThe objective of the study was to investigate possible changes in cefazolin serum levels induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Six cardiac male patients who underwent cardiac surgery requiring CPB took part in the study. Cefazolin 2 g was intravenously infused over 60 min before anesthesia and blood samples were taken at appropriate times after drug administration (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 4, 6, 8 h), 2 min before and 5 min after the beginning and 2 min before and 5 min after the end of CPB. Drug serum concentrations were determined by means of a microbiological method. Five minutes after the start of CPB, cefazolin serum levels decreased on average by 46.6% and remained steadily low until 5 min after the end of CPB. Then, they rose on average by 37.3% at 4 h and then declined slowly until the last sampling at 8 h. Cefazolin serum concentrations were low during CPB but remained in a potentially effective range for antimicrobial prophylaxis for this surgery
Effect of age on single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of erythromycin
No full textThe effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin was investigated by comparing its kinetic behaviour in eight young healthy adults and eight healthy elderly subjects after single and repeated oral doses of erythromycin stearate 1 g b.d. for 7 doses. The peak serum concentration and area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) were significantly greater in the elderly subjects than in the young controls after single and multiple doses. Accordingly, the apparent oral clearance was lower in the elderly subjects (0.31 vs 0.64 and 0.22 vs 0.69 l.h-1.kg-1 after the first and seventh administration, respectively). The mean elimination half-life was significantly longer in the elderly group only after multiple dosing (4.8 vs 2.3 h). No age-related difference was observed in the time to peak serum concentration and apparent volume of distribution. The multiple-dose regimen resulted in an almost two-fold accumulation of erythromycin in the older individuals and no accumulation in the young adults. Mean drug accumulation in elderly subjects at steady state was 43% greater than was predicted from the AUC after the first dose, suggesting a time-dependent reduction in both systemic and presystemic clearance. The results indicate that the metabolic elimination processes for erythromycin are impaired in normal elderly subjects and suggest that caution is required on administering a high dose of it to aged people
Combined administration of ciprofloxacin and cefazolin in patients: influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on drug concentrations in serum
No full textPenetration of carumonam into the pleural fluid: comparison of intravenous bolus and constant infusion in rats with experimentally induced pleurisy.
No full textThe penetration of carumonam into the pleural exudate of rats was compared after intravenous administration of 30 mg kg(-1) of the drug as a bolus dose or by continuous infusion over 60 min. Both methods of administration ensured a good penetration of carumonam in pleural exudate, as measured by the areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC). The mean values of the ratio of AUC in exudate to AUC in serum (1.07 +/- 0.11 and 0.96 +/- 0.13 for bolus injection and continuous infusion, respectively) were not significantly different. Administration as a bolus dose resulted in significantly higher peak concentrations in pleural exudate as well as in shorter peak times, whereas continuous infusion produced carumonam levels above the MIC for consistently longer times. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained by analysis of serum carumonam concentrations proved to be independent of the mode of administration. The foregoing results suggest that carumonam may constitute an effective therapeutic alternative to existing antibiotics for the treatment of pleurisy caused by susceptible organisms. No clear superiority of either method of administration could be established on the basis of pharmacokinetic data
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