88,197 research outputs found
Current and emerging serious Gram-positive infections
No full textABSTRACTSerious infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens are increasingly difficult to treat because of pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The more recent emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant MRSA (VISA and VRSA) has further compromised treatment options. Reports of resistance to, and clinical failures with newer antimicrobial agents such as linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin are also emerging. Consequently, there is a clinical need for new antimicrobial agents that have suitable pharmacokinetic properties and safety profiles, with activity against these Gram-positive pathogens
Tigecycline: a new treatment option for intra-abdominal infections
No full textTigecycline is the first of a new class of antibiotics, the glycylcyclines, with properties which can overcome many common resistance mechanisms, making it appropriate for treatment of many serious and life-threatening infections for which other antibiotics are no longer appropriate. its wide antibacterial spectrum includes most methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, ESBL-producing and other multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas spp. it is also active against anaerobes and atypical pathogens. Tigecycline is available only as parenteral formulation. it has a high volume of distribution (>10 L/kg) and long half-life (36 h). It is approved in the USA and europe for treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections and complicated communityacquired intra-abdominal infections. Phase II studies for treatment of community- and nosocomial-acquired pneumonia and sepsis due to multidrug resistant pathogens are ongoing
The role of teicoplanin in the treatment of febrile neutropenia
No full textThe clinical and microbiological efficacy, cost-per-patient and tolerability of teicoplanin were compared with those of vancomycin as empirical or second-line treatment of febrile neutropenic episodes in patients with hematologic malignancy or solid tumors. In terms of efficacy and cost teicoplanin and vancomycin were found equivalent, while teicoplanin is better tolerated and may be used effectively for treatment of out-patients
[Nosocomial infections: back to the future]
No full textThe increasing rate of nosocomial infections seems to be related to the wider use of invasive procedures. Evaluation of the patient risk factors for infection, use of SIRS classification and knowledge of the setting care should be utilized for the diagnostic approach. The empiric antibiotic therapy should take in account the site of the infection (bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection etc.) and the presumed pathogen; knowledge of the local epidemiology is a pre-requisite for the antibiotics choice. Among gram-positive microorganisms, methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci are responsible of difficult to treat infections; penicillin-resistant pneumococci, largely present in some european countries, might become an emerging pathogen also in Italy. The knowledge and ability of infectious diseases specialist encompasses clinical, microbiological and epidemiological fields to play a key role in the prevention and management of nosocomial infections
Menichetti\u27s nonassociative -crossed product algebras
No full textWe construct unital central nonassociative algebras over a field which have either an abelian Galois extensions or a central simple algebra over a separable extension of in their nucleus. We give conditions when these algebras are division algebras. Our constructions generalize algebras studied by Menichetti over finite fields. The algebras are examples of non-trivial semiassociative algebras and thus relevant for the semiassociative Brauer monoid recently defined by Blachar, Haile, Matzri, Rein, and Vishne. When the algebras of the first type can be viewed as nonassociative -crossed product algebras
A Robust Design for Cellular Vehicles of Gold Nanorods for Multimodal Imaging
No full textAuthors Dr. Marisa Benagiano and Prof. Mario Milco D’Elios were not included when this article was originally published. The corrected list of author of this manuscript is: F. Ratto,* S. Centi, C. Avigo, C. Borri, F. Tatini, L. Cavigli, C. Kusmic, B. Lelli, S. Lai, M. Benagiano, M. M. D’Elios, S. Colagrande, F. Faita, L. Menichetti, and R. Pini The affiliation for Dr. Benagiano and Prof. D’Elios is: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, (FI), Italy Ref. [82] was not included in the originally published version of this article. It should be added to the second paragraph on page 7179, which then reads as follows: “More recently, the notion to exploit the natural tropism of cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages,[35–39] T cells,[40,82] mesenchymal stem cells,[41–43] and neural stem cells,[44,45] has begun to emerge as a radical alternative.” Ref. [82] is: G. Baldi, C. Ravagli, M. Comes Franchini, M. M. D’Elios, M. Benagiano, M. Bitossi (Colorobbia Italia S.p.A.) WO 104664, 2015. The Acknowledgements should be corrected to read as follows: “This work was in part supported by the Projects of Tuscan Region “NANOTREAT” and “SYNERGY” and by the ERANET+ Project of Tuscan Region and European Community “LUS BUBBLE”. The authors wish to thank Dr. Daniele Panetta for his expertise in X-ray micro imaging and Dr. Giovanni Baldi of CERICOL Research Center of Colorobbia Group for his expertise and knowledge on cellular nano-engineering.” The authors apologize for any inconvenience or misunderstanding that these errors may have caused. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei
Definition and classification of intra-abdominal infections
No full textIntra-abdominal infections represent a wide variety of pathological conditions that involve lesions of all the intra-abdominal organs. They include both inflammation of single organs and any sort of peritonitis (primary, secondary, tertiary), where the severity of the disease often depends on the extension of the inflammation (local or diffuse peritonitis). They also include intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal and parenchymal abscesses. the aim of this article is to analyze the current definitions and classifications of intra-abdominal infections
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