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    An N-methylpolyvinylpyridinium cationic polymer for capillary coating in electrophoresis of proteins and peptides

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    A novel cationic polymeric coating is here reported, consisting of a N-methylpolyvinylpyridinium quaternary ion. This coating, combined with an isoelectric, aspartic acid as BGE, offers excellent separations of low- to high-Mr proteins, of low- to high-pI values, coupled to very high run-to-run repeatability. The importance of a hydrophilic coating is also illustrated, whereas the N-methylpolyvinylpyridinium quaternary ion does not seem to adsorb even a large size protein as human albumin, separations are already distorted in the N-ethyl derivative and totally ruined in the N-octyl derivative, due to its high hydrophobicit

    Exploring the chicken egg white proteome with combinatorial peptide ligand libraries

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    The use of two types of peptide ligand libraries (PLL), containing hexapeptides terminating either with a primary amine or modified with a terminal carboxyl group, allowed the discovery and identification of a large number of previously unreported egg white proteins. Whereas the most comprehensive list up to date (Mann, K., Proteomics2007, 7, 3558−3568) tabulated 78 unique gene products, our findings have almost doubled that value to 148 unique protein species. From the initial nontreated egg, it was possible to find 41 protein species; the difference (107 proteins) was generated as a result of the use of PLLs from which a similar number of species (112 and 109, respectively) was evidenced. Of those, 35 proteins were the specific catch of the amino-terminus PLL, while 33 were uniquely captured by the carboxy-terminus PLL. While a number of these low-abundance proteins might have a biological role in maintaining the integrity of the egg white and protecting the yolk, others might be derived from decaying epithelial cells lining the oviduct and/or represent remnants of products from the magnum and eggshell membrane components secreted by the isthmus, which might ultimately be incorporated, even if in trace amounts, into the egg white. The list of egg white components here reported is by far the most comprehensive at present and could serve as a starting point for isolation and functional characterization of proteins possibly having novel pharmaceutical and biomedical application

    Effect of barium tetraborate on the separation of tryptic digests of proteins by zone electrophoresis in uncoated capillaries

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    A simple, fast, efficient and reproducible method for peptide separations in CZE is reported. It consists in running tryptic digests of peptides in an uncoated capillary, in a BGE composed of tetraborate as a buffering ion, in which the typical sodium counterion is substituted with barium. Efficient absorption of this divalent cation to ionized silanols and barium silicate precipitation seem to be able to shield effectively the silica surface from separands. This is demonstrated by the fact that, when tBa2+ ions are present in solution (from pH 8.5 up to pH 11.0), the electroendoosmotic flow is reversed; such reversal being progressively higher at higher pH values, by up to a four-fold. Separations become progressively better at higher pH values, whereas at pH 11 in sodium tetraborate they are dramatically worsened. It is further hypothesized that the barium silicate layer further protects the silica surface against dissolution and corrosion which is quite substantial at pH 1
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