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Salmonella Typhimurium Phage Type DT160 Infection in Two Moluccan Cockatoos (Cacatua moluccensis): Clinical Presentation and Pathology
No full textThis paper reports on two fatal cases of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type DT160 infection in Moluccan cockatoos (Cacatua moluccensis) from a zoological collection in Italy. No previous clinical signs were observed in birds before death, except for anorexia and mild diarrhea in one bird. At post mortem, necrotic foci surrounded by a hyperemic halo were observed in lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestine. Microscopically, heterophils and macrophages with rare lymphocyte infiltration associated with gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria aggregates were detected in necrotic foci. Bacteriology confirmed the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type DT160 in the tissues of birds. The source of Salmonella Typhimurium in these birds remains unknown, but the authors emphasize the need to better control Salmonella infections in these avian species because they are important zoonotic agents and responsible for disease in animals and humans. This is the first documentation of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type DT160 infection in Moluccan cockatoos
Indagine sulla presenza e la sensibilità agli antibiotici di Campylobacter termofili isolati da polli broiler in Nord Italia
No full textThermophilic Campylobacter spp. infections are the main cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and currently representing a relevant public health problem. Furthermore, an increasing number of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from animals, humans and foodstuffs is resistant to antimicrobial drugs commonly used in therapy of human campylobacteriosis. Since the leading role of poultry in transmitting the infection to humans, this study was carried out to evaluate the presence and the antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in commercial broiler farms in Northern Italy. A total of 200 cloacal swabs from 10 chicken flocks were examined. Seven chicken flocks were positive for thermophilic Campylobacter. C. jejuni was detected in 63.8% of positive samples and C. coli in 36.2%. The agar disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer, 1966) was used to test the susceptibility to 20 antimicrobial drugs of 36 C. jejuni isolates and 21 C. coli isolates. All isolates showed resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs. Most isolates were resistant to quinolones, ampicillin and cephalosporins. A number of isolates was also resistant to oxytetracycline and sulphametoxazole+trimethoprim. Most isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and cefotaxime, and all susceptible to chloramphenicol. Susceptibility to macrolides, clindamycin, oxytetracycline and streptomycin was different between C. coli and C. jejuni. Particularly, most of C. coli isolates were resistant to macrolides and clindamycin, while most C. jejuni were susceptible. This study showed a widespread presence of thermophilic Campylobacter in commercial broilers and a high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among them. Chicken meat represents one of the main sources of food-borne infection in humans and antimicrobial resistant isolates could be transmitted to humans through food. Therefore, antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter strains should be strictly monitored due to the relevant impact on public health
Transition cow: non-specific immune response
Full text linkThe immune system consists of cells and their products, whose prime function is the protection of the host against pathogens and it can also acts as an accommodation device to facilitate the development of relatively peaceful associations with foreign organisms which, in some instances and especially in ruminants, could be or could become symbiotic. The immune system during pregnancy and the exchange of immunity from mother to newborn are unique events in immunological physiology. The peripartum hormonal changes contribute to impaired immune function. The physical and metabolic stresses of pregnancy, calving and lactation contribute to the decrease of host resistance and the subsequent increase in disease incidence. Pregnancy and peripartum period result in nonspecific immunosuppression of the dairy cow. The magnitude and timing of this reduction depend on many factors such as not adequate hygienic and sanitary management, not appropriate feed and housing and genetic differences. In this paper we deal with the evaluation of some parameters of non-specific immunity in dairy cattle in order to depict important features of the immune reactivity during the transition period and to make possible a preventive treatment. Lysozime concentration, serum bactericidal activity, serum proteins elettrophoretic profile, aptoglobin and complement with further analysis of non specific cellular immunological parameters could determine the effects of pregnancy, parturition and lactation on non-specific immune response especially during the peripartum period and may suggest the presence of not adequate hygienic and sanitary condition of the herd and/or not appropriate feed and management approach
A case report of pulmonarymyiases by Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) in a python from areptylarium.
No full textTransition cow: analisi della risposta immunitaria aspecifica
No full textThe immune system consists of cells and their products, whose prime function is the protection of the host against pathogens and it can also acts as an accommodation device to facilitate the development of relatively peaceful associations with foreign organisms which, in some instances and especially in ruminants, could be or could become symbiotic. The immune system during pregnancy and the exchange of immunity from mother to newborn are unique events in immunological physiology. The peripartum hormonal changes contribute to impaired immune function. The physical and metabolic stresses of pregnancy, calving and lactation contribute to the decrease of host resistance and the subsequent increase in disease incidence. Pregnancy and peripartum period result in nonspecific immunosuppression of the dairy cow. The magnitude and timing of this reduction depend on many factors such as not adequate hygienic and sanitary management, not appropriate feed and housing and genetic differences. In this paper we deal with the evaluation of some parameters of non-specific immunity in dairy cattle in order to depict important features of the immune reactivity during the transition period and to make possible a preventive treatment. Lysozime concentration, serum bactericidal activity, serum proteins elettrophoretic profile, aptoglobin and complement with further analysis of non specific cellular immunological parameters could determine the effects of pregnancy, parturition and lactation on non-specific immune response especially during the peripartum period and may suggest the presence of not adequate hygienic and sanitary condition of the herd and/or not appropriate feed and management approach
Prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from different canine populations in Italy
Full text linkStudy on Ticks and Tick-Borne Zoonoses in Public Parks in Italy.
No full textA survey on tick density and on tick-borne zoonoses was carried out in four public parks in the outskirts of Imola (northern Italy) from June to October 2006. All stages of Ixodes ricinus and only larvae of Riphicephalus sanguineus were recovered by dragging, performed on 100-m transects. Almost all ticks (99%) were harvested in one park. I. ricinus density (nymphs/100 m(2) ) ranged from 0 in park L to 6.3 in park F. Nymphs and adults of I. ricinus were subjected to PCR for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and Rickettsia spp. The observed prevalences were 38.3% for Bartonella henselae, 5.2% for Bartonella clarridgeiae, 10.4% for B. burgdorferi s. l., 2.6% for Rickettsia helvetica and 13% for Rickettsia monacensis, respectively. No DNA of A. phagocytophilum was found. Acarological risks (AR) were calculated as probabilities of collecting at least one infected nymph per transect. The AR values calculated for the various zoonotic agents were 11.4% for R. helvetica, 27.7% for B. clarridgeiae, 49.7% for B. burgdorferi s. l., 57.2% for R. monacensis and 90.4% for B. henselae, respectively. In this study, B. clarridgeiae was for the first time identified in I. ricinus ticks
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