1,721,416 research outputs found
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
No full textCongenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs in 1–5/10,000 live births. It is characterized by a defect in the separation of the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity due to incomplete development of the diaphragm. It follows the herniation of abdominal viscera at the thoracic level with hypoplasia of the lung ipsilateral to the hernia. The pre-and postoperative management of the patient is very complex. Contrary to what happened in the past, surgical treatment does not necessarily have to be urgent but only under stable clinical conditions, except in special cases. The postoperative survival rate is 70–80%, up to 90% in some structures and in particular for CDH not associated with other anomalies
Thoracic Surgery in Pediatric Patients
No full textThoracic surgery in the pediatric field has made significant progress in recent years, thanks above all to the introduction of minimally invasive surgery, which was initially for diagnostic purposes and then for therapeutic one and has significantly reduced the traumatism linked to open surgery. Now with the introduction of the robot, new interesting perspectives will open for the evolution of pediatric thoracic surgery
Esophageal Atresia
No full textEsophageal atresia and esophageal duplication are the most common malformations of the esophagus, the first is the most common gastrointestinal atresia, generally isolated but can often be associated with other malformative syndromes (VACTERL, CHARGE); the second, on the other hand, is a more rare and isolated malformation that generally is not associated with malformative syndromes. This chapter illustrates the methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment of both these malformations
Diaphragmatic Eventration
No full textDiaphragmatic eventration is a rare condition in which a portion of the entire diaphragm is permanently elevated, despite all the muscle insertions being intact. It differs from the hernia for the absence of continuous solutions along its entire surface. Technically, it is distinguished by etiology from acquired diaphragmatic paralysis even if it manifests itself with the same radiological characteristics. True eventration is a congenital disorder due to anomalies of development of the musculature of a portion (usually the central one) or the whole diaphragm
Pediatric Robotic Surgery: Technical and Management Aspects
No full textThis book presents the state of the art across the entire field of pediatric robotic surgery, including thoracic, abdominal, oncologic, gynecologic, and urologic procedures. Indications for each type of robotic surgery are clearly set out and technical aspects are described in detail, illustrating the patient’s position and explaining the robotic assessment and the optimal use of robotic instruments. Anesthetic issues and the management of robotic complications are discussed, and managerial aspects are also considered, with provision of helpful suggestions on how to approach robotic surgery in each pediatric department. For surgeons who wish to start using the pediatric robotic approach, simple illustrations of robotic assessment and principles of robotic surgery are included. Pediatric robotic surgery has undergone significant development in recent years, and the technology is now applied to a variety of pediatric diseases beyond urology. This book has been written by a group of world-renowned pioneers of pediatric robotic surgery and will appeal to pediatric surgeons of all disciplines, to residents, and to hospital general managers and medical directors
Pediatric Thoracic Surgery
No full textThis book discusses all thoracic diseases of surgical interest, from thorax malformations to airways disorders. It is divided into six main sections; the first two analyze general aspects, while the following three focus on malformations of the thorax, airways, esophagus and diaphragm. The final section describes the main pediatric tumors involving the chest and internal thoracic organs. Each chapter starts with a classification of the main pathologies related to the anatomical region considered. For each pathology, the various aspects of the diagnostic-therapeutic procedure are described in details-from the clinical presentation and diagnosis to the pre-operative preparation, the surgical aspects, and the post-operative course. Possible future developments are also evaluated. The volume will be a useful tool for specialists in pediatric and thoracic surgery, but will also represent an educational resource for medical and nursing students
Main Thoracic Tumors in Pediatric Age
No full textPediatric thoracic tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, accounting for 15–20% of all malignant tumors in childhood. Primary and metastatic thoracic tumors are classified according to where they originate, i.e., the lung parenchyma, the airways, the mediastinum, and the chest wall. The vast majority of pediatric thoracic tumors arise from the mediastinum, either posterior or anterior compartments. The imaging evaluation of these children is initially directed by clinical presentation and usually begins with a chest radiograph. Further imaging with CT, MRI, or rarely ultrasonography may be performed to better detect, localize, or characterize the lesion(s). These diseases require a complex approach in which a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery play a fundamental role. Treatment efforts are directed toward improving quality of life through reduced surgery-related morbidity. A minimally invasive approach offers, whenever possible, proved advantages leading to an earlier transition to postoperative adjuvant therapy. A thorough patient-specific discussion evaluating pros and cons should address the most appropriate surgical strategy and approach. The complexity of a multidisciplinary approach requires specialized centers, where all the professional figures needed are trained and experienced to guarantee the best possible treatment for these little patients
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