27 research outputs found
A molecular phylogeny of the genus Psittacula sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Psittacula, Psittinus, Tanygnathus, † Mascarinus) with taxonomic implications
No full textBraun, Michael P., Datzmann, Thomas, Arndt, Thomas, Reinschmidt, Matthias, Schnitker, Heinz, Bahr, Norbert, Sauer-Gürth, Hedwig, Wink, Michael (2019): A molecular phylogeny of the genus Psittacula sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Psittacula, Psittinus, Tanygnathus, † Mascarinus) with taxonomic implications. Zootaxa 4563 (3): 547-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.
Psittacula Braun & Datzmann & Arndt & Reinschmidt & Schnitker & Bahr & Sauer-Gürth & Wink 2019, s.s.
No full text<i>Psittacula s.s.</i> Cuvier <p> Type species: <i>Psittacus alexandri</i> Linnaeus</p> <p> <b>Morphology/distribution:</b> no red shoulder patch; medium to large size; sexual dimorphism; yellow patch on wing coverts in most taxa; males with red upper mandibles; unique grey to bluish head pattern with bold black lores and bold black stripe on lower cheeks. Distribution: Southern Asia to Bali.</p> <p> Based on high support values, only three other taxa, <i>P. derbiana</i> Fraser, <i>P.</i> <i>a.</i> <i>abbotti</i> Oberholser, and <i>P. a.</i> <i>fasciata</i> Statius Müller, remain in core <i>Psittacula</i>. Based on morphology, <i>P. caniceps</i> Blyth (for details see Arndt 2008; Forshaw 2010), which was not genetically sampled, should also remain in <i>Psittacula</i> <i>s.s</i>. The taxon <i>fasciata</i> is currently treated as a subspecies of <i>P. alexandri</i>, but based on genetic distance and morphology, separate species status should be considered. The taxon <i>abbotti</i> is also in need of further taxonomic investigation. If only monophyletic groups are considered species, <i>P. alexandri</i> should be split into two distinct species: <i>P. alexandri</i> with completely red bill in both sexes and <i>P. fasciata</i> with black bill in females and red upper and black lower mandible in males. Further investigations using more individuals and sampling of all wild populations are needed for deeper insights into the evolutionary history of this species complex.</p> <p> between the clades <i>alexandri</i> and <i>fasciata</i> / <i>abbotti</i>. CYTB p-distance values are a measure of divergence time (MYA).</p>Published as part of <i>Braun, Michael P., Datzmann, Thomas, Arndt, Thomas, Reinschmidt, Matthias, Schnitker, Heinz, Bahr, Norbert, Sauer-Gürth, Hedwig & Wink, Michael, 2019, A molecular phylogeny of the genus Psittacula sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Psittacula, Psittinus, Tanygnathus, † Mascarinus) with taxonomic implications, pp. 547-562 in Zootaxa 4563 (3)</i> on pages 558-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2601472">http://zenodo.org/record/2601472</a>
Belocercus S. Muller 1847
No full textBelocercus S. Müller Type species: Psittacus barbatulatus Bechstein = Psittacus longicauda Boddaert Morphology/distribution: no red shoulder patch; medium size, very long tail; male with black lores, horizontal black beard stripe, green crown and rose-coloured cheeks, not encircling hindneck; upper mandible red, lower mandible brown; females duller with completely dark-brown bill and shorter tail. Distribution: Malay Peninsula to Borneo and Sumatra. Several subspecies exist within the B. longicauda complex, and further investigation is required to resolve the evolutionary history and taxonomy of Belocercus, which shares a common ancestor with Psittacula s.s. Based on its unclear phylogenetic position, with low support values, and morphological differences from this clade, however, we regard it as a separate genus.Published as part of Braun, Michael P., Datzmann, Thomas, Arndt, Thomas, Reinschmidt, Matthias, Schnitker, Heinz, Bahr, Norbert, Sauer-Gürth, Hedwig & Wink, Michael, 2019, A molecular phylogeny of the genus Psittacula sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Psittacula, Psittinus, Tanygnathus, † Mascarinus) with taxonomic implications, pp. 547-562 in Zootaxa 4563 (3) on page 558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/260147
Psittinus Blyth 1842
No full text<i>Psittinus</i> Blyth <p> Type species: <i>Psittacus malaccensis</i> Latham = <i>Psittacus cyanurus</i> J. R. Forster</p> <p> <b>Morphology/distribution:</b> red bend of wing and red underwing coverts; small size, very short tail; sexually dichromatic; yellow edging on wing coverts; males with bluish head, otherwise predominantly green head; red upper mandible, females with brown head and bill. Distribution: Malay Peninsula to Borneo and Sumatra.</p> <p> <i>Psittinus,</i> which is represented by nominate <i>cyanurus</i> in our dataset, is sister to a clade formed by <i>Tanygnathus, Belocercus</i> and <i>Psittacula s.s.</i> It represents a long branch within the <i>Psittacula s.l.</i> group, which together with its distinct morphological traits supports its status as a separate genus.</p>Published as part of <i>Braun, Michael P., Datzmann, Thomas, Arndt, Thomas, Reinschmidt, Matthias, Schnitker, Heinz, Bahr, Norbert, Sauer-Gürth, Hedwig & Wink, Michael, 2019, A molecular phylogeny of the genus Psittacula sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Psittacula, Psittinus, Tanygnathus, † Mascarinus) with taxonomic implications, pp. 547-562 in Zootaxa 4563 (3)</i> on pages 557-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2601472">http://zenodo.org/record/2601472</a>
Empirical risk analysis of pension insurance: the case of Germany
No full textWith this paper we seek to contribute to the literature on pension insurance systems. The financial literature tends to focus exclusively on the US pension insurance system. This is the first major empirical study to address the German occupational pension insurance (PSVaG) plan in Germany. The study is based on a Merton-type one-factor model, in which we determine the credit portfolio risk profile of the occupational pension insurance plan and compare two alternative pricing plans. We find that there is a low, yet non-negligible risk of very high losses that may threaten the existence of the occupational pension insurance plan (PSVaG). While relating risk premiums to firms' default probabilities would cause them to diverge widely, a marginal risk contribution method would produce less pronounced differences compared to the current, uniform pricing plan. --Pension insurance,Risk-adjusted premiums,Credit portfolio risk
Tanygnathus Wagler 1832
No full text<i>Tanygnathus</i> Wagler <p> Type species: <i>Tanygnathus macrorhynchus</i> Wagler = <i>Psittacus megalorynchos</i> Boddaert</p> <p> <b>Morphology/distribution:</b> no red shoulder patch; medium to large size; very large bills; medium sized, rounded tails; sexual dimorphism weak or absent; yellow edging on wing coverts; black lore and blue crown only in <i>T. gramineus</i>, otherwise predominantly green head, red upper and lower mandible, juveniles duller. Distribution only on islands of the Philippines and Wallacea.</p> <p> The genus <i>Tanygnathus</i> clusters within the former genus <i>Psittacula</i> with high support values. <i>Tanygnathus</i> forms a clade with <i>Psittacula s.s.</i> and <i>Belocercus.</i> Its morphological characters (bill size, tail length and shape, no sexual dimorphism in two of the four species) apparently evolved quite quickly away from the general pattern in <i>Psittacula</i>. The monophyletic clade of <i>T. megalorynchos</i> and <i>T. sumatranus</i> clusters together with <i>Psittinus</i>, <i>Belocercus longicauda</i>, and the <i>Psittacula s.s.</i> clade in our dataset..</p>Published as part of <i>Braun, Michael P., Datzmann, Thomas, Arndt, Thomas, Reinschmidt, Matthias, Schnitker, Heinz, Bahr, Norbert, Sauer-Gürth, Hedwig & Wink, Michael, 2019, A molecular phylogeny of the genus Psittacula sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Psittacula, Psittinus, Tanygnathus, † Mascarinus) with taxonomic implications, pp. 547-562 in Zootaxa 4563 (3)</i> on page 558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2601472">http://zenodo.org/record/2601472</a>
Palaeornis Vigors 1825
No full text<i>Palaeornis</i> Vigors <p> Type species: <i>Psittacus eupatria</i> Linnaeus fixed here according to Art. 70.3 of the Code (ICZN 1999), misidentified in the original description by Vigors as <i>Psittacus alexandri</i> Linnaeus.</p> <p> <b>Morphology/distribution:</b> red shoulder patch; large size, long tail, very large bill; predominantly green colour; sexual dimorphism; males with broad neck collar and green-bluish head pattern, females without collar. Distribution: S Asia, Seychelles.</p> <p> This genus includes large species of the <i>Psittacula s.l.</i> clade and appears to be closely related to the morphologically similar <i>Alexandrinus</i> parakeets. The most basal taxon within this clade, according to the dataset used, is the extinct † <i>P. wardi</i> E. Newton from the Seychelles. The next taxon that splits off is <i>P. e. magnirostris</i> Ball from the Andaman Islands. The taxon <i>P. e. siamensis</i> Kloss from SE Asia is sister to P. <i>eupatria</i> from the southern Indian subcontinent.</p>Published as part of <i>Braun, Michael P., Datzmann, Thomas, Arndt, Thomas, Reinschmidt, Matthias, Schnitker, Heinz, Bahr, Norbert, Sauer-Gürth, Hedwig & Wink, Michael, 2019, A molecular phylogeny of the genus Psittacula sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Psittacula, Psittinus, Tanygnathus, † Mascarinus) with taxonomic implications, pp. 547-562 in Zootaxa 4563 (3)</i> on page 557, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2601472">http://zenodo.org/record/2601472</a>
