1,071 research outputs found
Corrección de la clorosis férrica con quelato EDDHA en cultivos sembrados en suelo alcalino y calcáreo
No full textIron deficiency in crops occurs mainly in regions with alkaline and calcareous soils. In the present study the effectiveness of Fe3+ chelated EDDHA [ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)] is assessed alone or combined with foliar spray of FeSO4, in crops of sorghum, soybean, okra and beans. EDDHA-Fe (Ultraferro®) was applied at a dose of 1% on the seed at sowing and FeSO4 was applied on foliage twice at 1.5%. In the four experiments, we determined the variables index of chlorophyll (SPAD) in three readings (March 15 and 28, April 6), and 47-50 days after sowing and leaf and root biomass. Between crops, soybeans and okra expressed greater intensity of chlorosis, which was visible among treatments. In both crops, higher SPAD and leaf and root biomass values were obtained with applications of EDDHA-Fe alone or combined with FeSO4. In okra, the SPAD index was higher with the combination EDDHA-Fe + FeSO4, although root and leaf biomass was greater with EDDHA-Fe alone or in combination with FeSO4. In beans and sorghum, chlorosis was less visible. For beans, the highest SPAD rate was recorded with EDDHA-Fe and/or FeSO4 in the two latest readings (March 28 and April 6) and in leaf and root biomass. Similarly, the three chemical treatments exceeded the control. However, in sorghum, the highest SPAD was recorded on the last reading (Apr-6), while there were no significant differences in leaf and root biomass. There were no observed additive effects on the variables with the combination EDDHA-Fe and FeSO4. In general, the results indicate that application of EDDHA-Fe alone or combined with foliar FeSO4 in soybean, okra and bean, effectively corrected chlorosis ferric.</jats:p
A simulation study of homogeneous ice nucleation in supercooled salty water
No full text© 2018 Author(s). This work was funded by Grant Nos. FIS2013/43209-P and FIS2016-78117-P FIS2016-78847-P of the MEC and the UCM/Santander 910570 and PR26/16-10B-2. C. Valeriani and E. Sanz acknowledge financial support from a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship. J. R. Espinosa acknowledges financial support from the FPI Grant No. BES-2014-067625. Calculations were carried out in the supercomputer facilities La Palma and Magerit from the Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES) (Project Nos. QCM-2015-3-0036 and QCM-2016-1-0039). The authors acknowledge the computer resources and technical assistance provided by the Centro de Supercomputación y Visualización de Madrid (CeSViMa) and discussions with F. Caupin.We use computer simulations to investigate the effect of salt on homogeneous ice nucleation. The melting point of the employed solution model was obtained both by direct coexistence simulations and by thermodynamic integration from previous calculations of the water chemical potential. Using a seeding approach, in which we simulate ice seeds embedded in a supercooled aqueous solution, we compute the nucleation rate as a function of temperature for a 1.85 NaCl mol per water kilogram solution at 1 bar. To improve the accuracy and reliability of our calculations, we combine seeding with the direct computation of the ice-solution interfacial free energy at coexistence using the Mold Integration method. We compare the results with previous simulation work on pure water to understand the effect caused by the solute. The model captures the experimental trend that the nucleation rate at a given supercooling decreases when adding salt. Despite the fact that the thermodynamic driving force for ice nucleation is higher for salty water for a given supercooling, the nucleation rate slows down with salt due to a significant increase of the ice-fluid interfacial free energy. The salty water model predicts an ice nucleation rate that is in good agreement with experimental measurements, bringing confidence in the predictive ability of the model. We expect that the combination of state-of-the-art simulation methods here employed to study ice nucleation from solution will be of much use in forthcoming numerical investigations of crystallization in mixtures. Published by AIP Publishing.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC)Universidad Complutense de Madrid/Banco de SantanderRamón y Cajal FellowshipFPI GrantSpanish Supercomputing Network (RES)Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y ElectrónicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEpu
Did NAFTA really cause Mexico's high maquiladora growth?
No full textAlthough Mexico's maquiladora or in-bond plant system is an important and well-recognized component of Mexico-U.S. trade, the connection between the acceleration in maquiladora growth and NAFTA is less clearly understood. A broad cross-section of maquiladora observers - including journalists, political activists, industry analysts, and professors -- argue that Mexico's maquiladoras have been strongly influenced by NAFTA and have grown rapidly as a result. There are reasons to wonder if these conjectures are correct. I test for the contribution of NAFTA to fluctuations in maquiladora employment and find evidence that no such connection exists. Instead, maquiladoras post-NAFTA growth is connected to changes in Mexican wages relative to those in Asia and in the United States, and to fluctuations in U.S. industrial production. Indeed, for ever 1 percent change in U.S. industrial production I find a change in maquiladora employment of between 1.2 and 1.3 percent. This connection is consistent with declining maquiladora employment in 2001, as U. S. industrial production has fallen, but is not consistent with the NAFTA-caused-maquiladora growth story typically found in newspapers and magazines. ; Economic Research Working Paper 0106International trade ; North American Free Trade Agreement ; Mexico ; Maquiladora
Biohybrids of scaffolding hyaluronic acid biomaterials plus adipose stem cells home local neural stem and endothelial cells: Implications for reconstruction of brain lesions after stroke.
No full text[EN] Endogenous neurogenesis in stroke is insufficient to replace the lost brain tissue, largely due to the lack of a proper biological structure to let new cells dwell in the damaged area. We hypothesized that scaffolds made of hyaluronic acid (HA) biomaterials (BM) could provide a suitable environment to home not only new neurons, but also vessels, glia and neurofilaments. Further, the addition of exogenous cells, such as adipose stem cells (ASC) could increase this effect. Athymic mice were randomly assigned to a one of four group: stroke alone, stroke and implantation of BM, stroke and implantation of BM with ASC, and sham operated animals. Stroke model consisted of middle cerebral artery thrombosis with FeCl3. After 30 days, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were sacrificed. Proliferation and neurogenesis increased at the subventricular zone ipsilateral to the ventricle and neuroblasts, glial, and endothelial cells forming capillaries were seen inside the BM. Those effects increased when ASC were added, while there was less inflammatory reaction. Three-dimensional scaffolds made of HA are able to home newly formed neurons, glia, and endothelial cells permitting the growth neurofilaments inside them. The addition of ASC increase these effects and decrease the inflammatory reaction to the implant.Contract grant sponsor: CIBER BBN
Contract grant sponsor: ERANET NEURON CALL; contract grant number: PRI-PIMNEU-2011-1372
Contract grant sponsor: Spanish Science & Innovation Ministery; contract grant number: MAT 2011-28791-C03-01, MAT 2011-28791-C03-02 an
Contract grant sponsor: TERCEL; contract grant number: RD12/0019/0010
Contract grant sponsor: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through grants MAT2015-66666-C3, and DPI2015-72863-EXPSanchez-Rojas, L.; Gómez-Pinedo, U.; Benito-Martin, MS.; León-Espinosa, G.; Rascón-Ramirez, F.; Lendinez, C.; Martínez-Ramos, C.... (2019). Biohybrids of scaffolding hyaluronic acid biomaterials plus adipose stem
cells home local neural stem and endothelial cells: Implications for
reconstruction of brain lesions after stroke. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials. 107(5):1598-1606. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34252S159816061075Azad, T. D., Veeravagu, A., & Steinberg, G. K. (2016). Neurorestoration after stroke. Neurosurgical Focus, 40(5), E2. doi:10.3171/2016.2.focus15637Faralli, A., Bigoni, M., Mauro, A., Rossi, F., & Carulli, D. (2013). Noninvasive Strategies to Promote Functional Recovery after Stroke. Neural Plasticity, 2013, 1-16. doi:10.1155/2013/854597Yamashita, T., Ninomiya, M., Hernandez Acosta, P., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M., Sunabori, T., Sakaguchi, M., … Sawamoto, K. (2006). Subventricular Zone-Derived Neuroblasts Migrate and Differentiate into Mature Neurons in the Post-Stroke Adult Striatum. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(24), 6627-6636. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0149-06.2006Arvidsson, A., Collin, T., Kirik, D., Kokaia, Z., & Lindvall, O. (2002). Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nature Medicine, 8(9), 963-970. doi:10.1038/nm747Doeppner, T. R., & Hermann, D. M. (2015). Editorial: Stem cells and progenitor cells in ischemic stroke—fashion or future? Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 9. doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00334Zhang, Z. G., & Chopp, M. (2015). Promoting brain remodeling to aid in stroke recovery. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 21(9), 543-548. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.005Crapo, P. M., Medberry, C. J., Reing, J. E., Tottey, S., van der Merwe, Y., Jones, K. E., & Badylak, S. F. (2012). Biologic scaffolds composed of central nervous system extracellular matrix. Biomaterials, 33(13), 3539-3547. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.044Ju, R., Wen, Y., Gou, R., Wang, Y., & Xu, Q. (2014). The Experimental Therapy on Brain Ischemia by Improvement of Local Angiogenesis with Tissue Engineering in the Mouse. Cell Transplantation, 23(1_suppl), 83-95. doi:10.3727/096368914x684998Zhou, K., Motamed, S., Thouas, G. A., Bernard, C. C., Li, D., Parkington, H. 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Adipose stromal cells-secreted neuroprotective media against neuronal apoptosis. Neuroscience Letters, 462(1), 76-79. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.054Gómez-Pinedo, U., Sanchez-Rojas, L., Benito-Martin, M. S., Lendinez, C., León-Espinosa, G., Rascón-Ramirez, F. J., … Barcia, J. A. (2018). Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of the Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Injected in the Cerebral Ischemic Penumbra. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27(9), 2453-2465. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.05.001Rodríguez-Pérez, E., Lloret Compañ, A., Monleón Pradas, M., & Martínez-Ramos, C. (2016). Scaffolds of Hyaluronic Acid-Poly(Ethyl Acrylate) Interpenetrating Networks: Characterization and In Vitro Studies. Macromolecular Bioscience, 16(8), 1147-1157. doi:10.1002/mabi.201600028Davoust, C., Plas, B., Béduer, A., Demain, B., Salabert, A.-S., Sol, J. C., … Loubinoux, I. (2017). Regenerative potential of primary adult human neural stem cells on micropatterned bio-implants boosts motor recovery. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 8(1). doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0702-3Bateman, M. E., Strong, A. L., Gimble, J. M., & Bunnell, B. A. (2018). Concise Review: Using Fat to Fight Disease: A Systematic Review of Nonhomologous Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Therapies. STEM CELLS, 36(9), 1311-1328. doi:10.1002/stem.2847Seo, J. H., Kim, H., Park, E. S., Lee, J. E., Kim, D. W., Kim, H. O., … Cho, S.-R. (2013). Environmental Enrichment Synergistically Improves Functional Recovery by Transplanted Adipose Stem Cells in Chronic Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Cell Transplantation, 22(9), 1553-1568. doi:10.3727/096368912x662390Palma-Tortosa, S., García-Culebras, A., Moraga, A., Hurtado, O., Perez-Ruiz, A., Durán-Laforet, V., … Lizasoain, I. (2017). Specific Features of SVZ Neurogenesis After Cortical Ischemia: a Longitudinal Study. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16109-7Lu, J., Manaenko, A., & Hu, Q. (2017). Targeting Adult Neurogenesis for Poststroke Therapy. Stem Cells International, 2017, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2017/5868632Faiz, M., Sachewsky, N., Gascón, S., Bang, K. W. A., Morshead, C. M., & Nagy, A. (2015). Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Subventricular Zone Give Rise to Reactive Astrocytes in the Cortex after Stroke. Cell Stem Cell, 17(5), 624-634. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.002Moraga, A., Pradillo, J. M., García-Culebras, A., Palma-Tortosa, S., Ballesteros, I., Hernández-Jiménez, M., … Lizasoain, I. (2015). Aging increases microglial proliferation, delays cell migration, and decreases cortical neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 12(1). doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0314-8Oh, J. S., Park, I. S., Kim, K. N., Yoon, D. H., Kim, S.-H., & Ha, Y. (2012). Transplantation of an adipose stem cell cluster in a spinal cord injury. 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S., Gutiérrez-Pérez, M., Gomez-Pinedo, U., Roobrouck, V. D., López, T., … García-Verdugo, J. M. (2012). Therapeutic Effects of hMAPC and hMSC Transplantation after Stroke in Mice. PLoS ONE, 7(8), e43683. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043683Boisserand, L. S. B., Kodama, T., Papassin, J., Auzely, R., Moisan, A., Rome, C., & Detante, O. (2016). Biomaterial Applications in Cell-Based Therapy in Experimental Stroke. Stem Cells International, 2016, 1-14. doi:10.1155/2016/6810562Adams, A. M., Arruda, E. M., & Larkin, L. M. (2012). Use of adipose-derived stem cells to fabricate scaffoldless tissue-engineered neural conduits in vitro. Neuroscience, 201, 349-356. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.004Le Friec, A., Salabert, A.-S., Davoust, C., Demain, B., Vieu, C., Vaysse, L., … Loubinoux, I. (2017). Enhancing Plasticity of the Central Nervous System: Drugs, Stem Cell Therapy, and Neuro-Implants. Neural Plasticity, 2017, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2017/2545736Traystman, R. J. (2003). Animal Models of Focal and Global Cerebral Ischemia. ILAR Journal, 44(2), 85-95. doi:10.1093/ilar.44.2.85Doeppner, T. R., Kaltwasser, B., Teli, M. K., Sanchez-Mendoza, E. H., Kilic, E., Bähr, M., & Hermann, D. M. (2015). Post-stroke transplantation of adult subventricular zone derived neural progenitor cells — A comprehensive analysis of cell delivery routes and their underlying mechanisms. Experimental Neurology, 273, 45-56. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.023Karatas, H., Erdener, S. E., Gursoy-Ozdemir, Y., Gurer, G., Soylemezoglu, F., Dunn, A. K., & Dalkara, T. (2011). Thrombotic distal middle cerebral artery occlusion produced by topical FeCl3 application: A novel model suitable for intravital microscopy and thrombolysis studies. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 31(6), 1452-1460. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2011.8Karatas, H., Eun Jung, J., Lo, E. H., & van Leyen, K. (2018). Inhibiting 12/15-lipoxygenase to treat acute stroke in permanent and tPA induced thrombolysis models. 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Corn economic situation in region II Valles Zoque, Chiapas: Jiquipilas y Ocozocoautla
No full textEl maíz es uno de los alimentos que es parte elemental de la alimentación y de la cultura de la sociedad mexicana. El grano tiene un carácter multifuncional, primeramente, porque contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria, tiene una función económica relevante debido a la demanda de insumos que se utilizan en el proceso productivo y de factores internos que se utiliza en la actividad. En la República Mexicana, el cereal es el principal cultivo en comparación con otros tales como sorgo, trigo, cebada, arroz; es producido en todas las entidades federativas a diferentes altitudes, en cuanto a la superficie y el volumen de producción se ubica en el primer lugar. El estudio se realizó en el estado de Chiapas, en la región socioeconómica II Valles Zoque, particularmente en los municipios de Jiquipilas y Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, el instrumental metodológico que se empleó para llevar acabo el presente estudio fue la Matriz de Análisis de Política (MAP) que tiene la finalidad de dar respuesta a la rentabilidad de la producción de maíz; los resultados obtenidos demuestran que sigue siendo rentable cuando no se considera el costo de renta de la tierra, y cuando es considerada en los costos de producción se obtienen perdidas, esto se debe al crecimiento de los precios de los factores de la producción, por lo que se concluye que la producción de maíz no es rentable.Recursos propio
Bank competition and collateral: theory and evidence
No full textWe investigate the impact of bank competition on the use of collateral in loan contracts. We develop a theoretical model incorporating information asymmetries in a spatial competition framework where banks choose between screening the borrower and asking for collateral. We show that presence of collateral is more likely when bank competition is low. We then test this prediction empirically on a sample of bank loans from 70 countries. We estimate logit models where the presence of collateral is regressed on bank competition, measured by the Lerner index. Our empirical tests corroborate the theoretical predictions that bank competition reduces the use of collateral. These findings survive several robustness checks.collateral; bank competition; asymmetric information
The effect of pH on the production of chitinolytic enzymes of Verticillium fungicola in submerged cultures
No full text[Recurrent osteoid osteoma detected by 99mTC-hydroxy-diphosphonate bone scintigraphy].
No full textPaciente de 10 años con dolor progresivo en el codo izquierdo, de predominio nocturno e impotencia funcional. Presentaba tumefacción, extensión −10º y flexión 100º. La ecografía sugería monoartritis. Sin embargo, la RMN y la TC del codo izquierdo (fig. 1A-C) evidenciaron una imagen nodular en metáfisis humeral distal, compatible con nidus de osteoma osteoide y sinovitis secundaria. Se decidió termoablación de la lesión por radiofrecuencia. Tras la intervención continuaban los episodios de dolor nocturno, persistiendo en la radiografía simple (fig. 2A) imagen ósea sospechosa. La TC de control (fig. 2B) mostraba únicamente cambios postratamiento percutáneo. Finalmente, la gammagrafía ósea bifásica (fig. 3A y B) objetivó una lesión en región distal del húmero izquierdo, compatible con persistencia de osteoma osteoide.S
Producción de autos ligeros en México, 2005-2016
No full textEn México el sector automotriz es uno de los que ha presentado el mayor dinamismo en la economía debido a su consolidación como una industria relevante en la economía de acuerdo a la aportación al Producto Interno Bruto, debido al crecimiento permanente de vehículos ligeros derivado de la dinámica del mercado de consumo, que se le atribuye a las inversiones e innovaciones tecnológicas que han realizado las diferentes empresas para atender las demandas de automóviles cada vez más eficientes por parte del usuario final, enfrentándose a mercados globales y de apertura de los mismos. El trabajo consistió en analizar en los años del 2005 a 2016 a las tres principales empresas productoras de autos ligeros y sus cuatro unidades más relevante en la actividad, encontrándose que Nissan fue la firma de mayor importancia, seguido de General Motors y Volkswagen, siendo las mismas empresas y en el mismo orden las que tienen la mayor cantidad de unidades vendidas en el mercado, observándose que la producción y el consumo se está orientando a vehículos eficientes en el uso de combustible y con una tendencia creciente en ambas variables analizadas.Se pago con ingresos propio
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