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Paterio, notarius ecclesiae Romanae, e il Liber testimoniorum: la redazione, il contesto di produzione e la trasmissione del primo florilegio esegetico gregoriano
No full textIl Liber testimoniorum del discipulus Gregorii Paterio è una raccolta di estratti esegetici dalle opere di papa Gregorio Magno (590-604), ordinati secondo loro originaria successione all'interno della Scrittura. Per le sue caratteristiche può essere considerato il primo florilegio esegetico monoautoriale noto nell'ambito della letteratura cristiana di lingua latina.
La tesi dottorale di F. Martello prende in esame i precedenti letterari dell'opera; le attestazioni antiche relative alla sua diffusione entro il IX secolo e il problema dell'identificazione dell'autore con il notarius ecclesiae Romanae e secundicerius Paterio citato in più occasioni nel Registrum epistolarum gregoriano in qualità di cancelliere. Sulla base di tale identificazione, nell'intento di ricostruire l'identità biografica e professionale dell'autore e il contesto della sua attività, viene dedicato un lungo excursus alle origini e alle funzioni della categoria dei notarii ecclesiae Romanae, che vengono ricostruite attraverso il censimento (eseguito su base proposografica) e l'analisi delle testimonianze presenti nelle fonti edite (diplomatiche, epigrafiche, letterarie) fino alla metà del VII secolo. Uno spazio autonomo è dedicato alla discussione dei riferimenti presenti nel Liber pontificalis, nel Registrum gregoriano e negli Atti del sinodo lateranense del 649.
L'esame diretto di una parte cospicua della tradizione manoscritta permette di precisare i confini e la struttura della parte originale pervenuta del Liber di Paterio (che comprende quattordici libri della Bibbia dalla Genesi al Cantico dei Cantici) liberandolo dalle interpolazioni che caratterizzano le edizioni a stampa, dovute all'impiego, per l'editio princeps del 1553, del codice I 360 inf della Biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano. L'identificazione dei principali errori che caratterizzano i testimoni permette il loro raggruppamento in famiglie e la costituzione del nucleo centrale di uno stemma codicum.
Al fine di ricostruire la storia del testo vengono esaminati i tentativi di integrazione e completamento del Liber compiuti nel corso del Medioevo. Alcuni di questi progetti, come il Gregorialis di Alulfo e il Supplementum Paterii di Bruno, pur nati con l'intento di imitare e proseguire il lavoro di Paterio si dimostrano opere con un proprio valore letterario. Nel caso dell'anonima raccolta dello Pseudo Paterio A si ha invece, probabilmente, la semplificazione e il riutilizzo di florilegi esegetici gregoriani precedenti (tra le sue fonti è possibile riconoscere anche una raccolta gregoriana inedita di Floro di Lione).
La compresenza di tanti completamenti del Liber ha generato confusione nei suoi editori: vengono passate in rassegna le forme che l'opera assume nel corso delle successive edizioni a stampa. Contemporaneamente, si nota come la raccolta di Paterio inizi, dalla seconda metà del XVII secolo, ad assumere importanza rispetto alla definizione dei limiti della produzione da considerare autentica di Gregorio Magno.
In epoca contemporanea il Liber testimoniorum, benché relegato in uno spazio estremamente marginale degli studi gregoriani, si è rivelato di estrema importanza nell'economia della tesi elaborata da Francis Clark circa la pseudoepigrafia dei Dialogi gregoriani. In realtà, nell'elaborare tale tesi e immaginare il ruolo avuto nella costruzione dell'opera dal cosiddetto "Dialogista" lo studioso è stato fortemente influenzato proprio dalla figura e dalle notizie sull'attività di Paterio.
Molto scarso è stato finora l'interesse per l'opera anche nell'ambito degli studi sui florilegi di testi patristici, mentre, secondo la ricerca di Martello, il Liber avrebbe costituito un modello per il genere del florilegio esegetico che ha avuto grande sviluppo nei secoli successivi.
L'analisi del prologo del Liber rivela l'impiego di immagini e stilemi gregoriani; si notano somiglianze con il linguaggio delle lettere del Registrum e con i Dialogi. L'analisi dei paragrafi dell'opera rivela invece le tecniche redazionali adottate da Paterio, che ha rielaborato i testi gregoriani di partenza per costruire delle unità esegetiche autonome sia dal punto di vista del significato che della sintassi, pronte per poter essere eventualmente riutilizzate in nuovi contesti. L'opera, nelle intenzioni del committente – Gregorio stesso –, doveva probabilmente costituire uno strumento di orientamento nella sua produzione, ad uso degli addetti allo scrinium romano, ma gli adattamenti ai testi messi in atto da Paterio fanno pensare che quest'ultimo intendesse costituire un repertorio esegetico con destinazione più ampia.
La ricerca di Martello si completa con un censimento della tradizione manoscritta dell'opera e con la ricostruzione del testo del prologo e della sezione sul Cantico dei Cantici basata sul codice 220 della Biblioteca municipale di Amiens, il testimone che più sembra avvicinarsi all'archetipo almeno dal punto di vista strutturale, che viene confrontato con un gruppo di testimoni appartenenti a rami diversi della tradizione.The late sixth century anthology known as Liber Testimoniorum by the discipulus Gregorii Paterius is probably the first, in Christian Latin literature, to collect exegetic excerpts from the works of one single Father – namely pope Gregory the Great (590-604) – and arrange them according to their order of appearance in the Scriptures.
Fabrizio Martello's doctoral thesis explores the literary models the author might have been aware of, collects ancient evidence of the work's circulation until the ninth century and tackles the problem of identifying the author with a notarius Ecclesiae Romanae and secundicerius named Paterius, a writer of chancery documents quoted at various times in Gregory's Registrum Epistolarum. In order to reconstruct Paterius's biographical and professional identity as well as the context he worked in, a wide excursus in the dissertation is devoted to the origins and the tasks of the notarii Ecclesiae Romanae. The reconstruction is based on a prosopographic census of the references to papal notaries existing in published diplomatic, epigraphic and literary sources up to the first half of the seventh century. A closer examination is devoted to some of the sources involved in the enquiry, i.e. the Liber Pontificalis, the Gregorian Registrum and the Acts of the Lateran Synod of 649.
Through the direct examination of a substantial part of circulating manuscript tradition, Martello is able to recognise the interpolations that characterize modern printed editions of the work (due to the use of Codex I 360 inf of the Ambrosiana Library in Milan in the context of the 1553 editio princeps), and is able to set the boundaries and to identify the structure of authentic Paterius extant work. This is represented by fourteen sections relating to as many books of the Old Testament, from Genesis to the Canticle of Canticles. The thesis also offers a core stemma codicum, based on the recognition of the main errors in the manuscript tradition.
During the Middle Ages various attempts were made to complete or imitate the Liber Testimoniorum project: some of these, as the Gregorialis by Alulfus of Tournai and the Supplementum Paterii by the monk Bruno possess a literary value of their own. The anonymous collection by Pseudo-Paterius A, instead, is probably made up of previous Gregorian anthologies, summarised or simply reproduced in their entirety (among its sources we recognise an unpublished Gregorian collection by Florus of Lyon).
The simultaneous existence of different recensions of the Liber has caused great confusion among modern editors. Martello examines the configurations the work displays throughout its various editions. In the meantime he notes how – from the second half of the seventeenth century – the Liber becomes increasingly important in the eyes of editors of Gregorian work intent on outlining the boundaries of Gregory's actual – authentic – literary production.
Long exiled to the extreme fringe of Gregorian studies, the Liber Testimoniorum recently attracted the attention of scholars at the time of the debate generated by Francis Clark's thesis surrounding the authenticity of Gregorian Dialogues. It is appropriate to recall that while developing the idea of the so-called "Dialogist", Clark himself was deeply influenced by what is known about Paterius.
Scholars' interest for this work in the context of studies on Florilegia of patristic texts has been so far rather low. However, Martello underlines, the Liber could have constituted the main pattern of the exegetic anthology genre itself, which would have largely developed in mediaeval times.
The analysis of the work's Prologue reveals the use of Gregorian literary and stylistic figures. For example, strong similarities can be seen with the language of the Registrum letters and with the Dialogues. An examination of the exegetic paragraphs shows the editorial techniques adopted by Paterius, who elaborated Gregorian passages in order to construct exegetic units independent both in form and in meaning from the original context, and potentially usable elsewhere. In the intentions of its patron – Gregory himself – the anthology should probably become an index for his own literary production to be used mainly, if not exclusively, by Roman scrinium personnel. Adjustments to the excerpts by the author may however indicate that Paterius rather wanted to offer a gregorian exegetic repertory to a wider public.
The research on the Liber Testimoniorum is completed by a census of the manuscript tradition and the reconstruction of two key portions of the work, the Prologue and the section pertaining to the Canticle of Canticles, based on the Amiens Municipal Library 220 manuscript – which seems to resemble the archetype most closely, at least from a structural point of view. This is collated with a group of manuscripts representing different branches of the tradition
Tempera quasi aurum: Origine, redazione e diffusione del Liber Testimoniorum di Paterio
No full textOf the three volumes which are deemed to have constituted the original Liber Testimoniorum by Gregory the Great’s notarius Paterius, only the first one has survi- ved, while the other two have always been considered as lost due to some accident intervened at an early stage of the manuscript transmission. Starting from a careful analysis of the manuscript tradition and of the pioneering studies by Wilmart and Étaix, the paper concludes that the Liber Testimoniorum was never brought to an end. Paterius probably collected from Gregory’s works all the material considered suffi- cient to realize the exegetical commentary to the whole Bible, but he actually was able to make a revision and give final shape only to the part that goes from Gene- sis to the book of Psalms.The manuscript tradition attests two further sections, on Proverbs and on Canticle of Canticles, which represent the only surviving part of the extensive material collected, but never revised by Paterius, for the final version of his work.The reason that caused the interruption of the drafting process is pro- bably to be seen in Gregory’s decision to revise the text of his Homelies on Ezechiel, approximately in 601/602.
The paper also explores the literary production of Tajo of Saragossa, who is the main – and presently sole known – representative of the Liber Testimoniorum‘s first indirect tradition until the eighth century. After having demonstrated Tajo’s au- thorship of the biblical commentaries contained in a manuscript from Lérida, the authors conclude that the visigotic bishop used in his own works only the revised part of the Liber Testimoniorum (Genesis - Psalms) and that, conversely, he seems not to have known and made use of the rough and unrevised material on Proverbs and Canticle.This can be considered an additional evidence for the hypothesis that the notarius never concluded his anthology. Finally, the article provides a diachronic stemma codicum of Paterius’ Liber testimoniorum, based on the principal loci critici of the most ancient manuscripts
Poly(amidoamine)s of biotechnological interest
No full textAbstract:
Poly(amidoamine)s (PAAs) represent a promising material for drug delivery applications. They are synthetic functional polymers endowed with a combination of properties making them suitable for a variety of biomedical applications mostly related to drug delivery systems. PAAs can be obtained by stepwise polyaddition of primary or secondary aliphatic amines to bisacrylamides. The synthesis is carried out in water or protic solvent, with a mild base and at room temperature.
In the first section of this thesis, a group of novel amphoteric PAAs homo- and copolymers containing secondary and tertiary amine groups in their main chain and different structures in the bisacrylamide segments were synthesized and evaluated as magnetic nanoparticles coating agents.
In the second section of this thesis, a general method for preparing linear high polymers of peptides was investigated. Polymers with an average molecular weight included in the range 3000 – 40000 were obtained by Michael polyaddition reaction between 2,2-bisacrylamidoacetic acid or N,N’-bisacryloylpiperazine and glutathione (reduced and oxidised) or the RGD peptide. In preliminary biological tests these polymers showed a good values of zeta potential and negligible values of cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity. Further in vitro tests are in progress to investigate the biological properties of these polymers in comparison with the parent peptides.
In the third section of this thesis, gene delivery properties of new hyperbranched PAAs, containing disulfide linkages in the main chain, were investigated in comparison with the relevant linear polymers. Structural characterization of the polymers synthesized and the reactivity of the monomers utilized were also determined. The results shown by these polymers in DNA transfection are very promising and encourage further studies in vitro with these biodegradable hyperbranched PAAs to test the effect, on transfection efficiency, of different terminal groups
Scatter Search Algorithms for Identical Parallel Machine Scheduling Problems
No full textWe address the Identical Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem, one of the most important basic problems in scheduling theory, and some generalizations of it arising from real world situations. We survey the current state of the art for the most performing metaheuristic algorithms for this class of problems, with special emphasis on recent results obtained through Scatter Search. We present insights in the development of this heuristic technique, and discuss the combinatorial difficulties of the problems through the analysis of extensive computational results
Linear Assignment
No full textThe Assignment Problem (AP) is one of the most popular and intensivelystudied topics in combinatorial optimization.This paper gives and annotathed bibliography of the most relevant papers presented in the literature
4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research
No full text4OR is a new quarterly journal jointly published by the Operations Research societies of Belgium (SOGESCI/ BVWB), France (ROADEF) and Italy (AIRO). As its name suggests, this journal is devoted to Operations Research. Any good paper related with Operations Research is therefore of potential interest to the journal. The journal is divided into four different sections of unequal importance.
REGULAR PAPERS. This section is the core of the journal. The aim is to be able to publish good quality papers within a short period of time. We have therefore decided to process all papers in electronic form, and to have an uncommon policy with respect to major revisions: all papers needing a ``major revision'', i.e., a revision that cannot be reasonably expected to be undertaken within two months and/or that is likely to significantly alter the whole paper, are rejected. The refereeing process conforms with the usual standards of academic journals: it involves at least two independent referee reports and the advice of an appropriate area editor.
INVITED SURVEYS. This section is limited to one paper per issue. It consistS of ``state-of-the-art surveys'' written by prominent researchers on invitation by the editors.
INDUSTRY SECTION. This section offers a means of communication between OR practitioners and academics. Papers published in this section consist of case studies, state-of-the-art papers on the applications of OR techniques in industry or reflections on the practice of OR.
PH.D. THESES. We publish abstracts of doctoral dissertations defended in Belgium, France or Italy. These abstracts are published under the responsibility of the supervisor of the work
Surveys in Operations Research (Invited Surveys from 4OR)
No full textThe volume collects the revised versions of eleven surveys in Operations Research written by prestigous scholars, upon invitation from the Editors-in-Chief, for the journal 4OR-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research
Surveys in Operations Research II (Invited Surveys from 40R, 2006-2008)
No full textThe volume collects the revised versions of eleven surveys in Operations Research, written by prestigious scholars, upon invitation from the Editors-in-Chief, for the journal 4OR-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research in the period 2006-200
Preface
No full textPreface to the edited volume "Surveys in Operations Research II" (Invited Surveys from 4OR, 2006-2008
4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research
No full text4OR is a new quarterly journal jointly published by the Operations Research societies of Belgium (SOGESCI/ BVWB), France (ROADEF) and Italy (AIRO). As its name suggests, this journal is devoted to Operations Research. Any good paper related with Operations Research is therefore of potential interest to the journal. The journal is divided into four different sections of unequal importance.
REGULAR PAPERS. This section is the core of the journal. The aim is to be able to publish good quality papers within a short period of time. We have therefore decided to process all papers in electronic form, and to have an uncommon policy with respect to major revisions: all papers needing a ``major revision'', i.e., a revision that cannot be reasonably expected to be undertaken within two months and/or that is likely to significantly alter the whole paper, are rejected. The refereeing process conforms with the usual standards of academic journals: it involves at least two independent referee reports and the advice of an appropriate area editor.
INVITED SURVEYS. This section is limited to one paper per issue. It consistS of ``state-of-the-art surveys'' written by prominent researchers on invitation by the editors.
INDUSTRY SECTION. This section offers a means of communication between OR practitioners and academics. Papers published in this section consist of case studies, state-of-the-art papers on the applications of OR techniques in industry or reflections on the practice of OR.
PH.D. THESES. We publish abstracts of doctoral dissertations defended in Belgium, France or Italy. These abstracts are published under the responsibility of the supervisor of the work.
Starting with the second issue of 2005, the subtitle changed from "Quarterly Journal of the Belgian, French and Italian Operations Research Societies" to "A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research"
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