1,721,058 research outputs found
Riduzione del rischio disastri; l’immancabile ruolo della geografia.
No full textCon questo scritto vorrei contribuire alla discussione iniziata
da Forino e Porru con l’articolo “Hic sunt leones: il rischio delle storie mancate
nella geografia italiana”, pubblicato in questa Rivista nel numero di giugno 2013.
Sottoscrivendo l’appello dei due autori sull’ampliamento della geografia italiana
alle tematiche del rischio e dei disastri, mi propongo di continuare la riflessione
delineando le origini dell’academic research consensus di questo campo di studio e
descrivendo le considerevoli opportunità di ricerca geografica in esso contenute.
È pleonastico rilevare la crescente attenzione sia dell’accademia sia delle istituzioni
governative al problema dei cambiamenti climatici, dei rischi associati e
delle necessarie strategie preventive e gestionali. Attualmente circa il 75% della
popolazione mondiale vive in aree esposte a pericoli naturali. Nell’ultimo decennio,
circa 1,1 milioni di persone hanno perso la vita a causa di disastri, altri 2,7
miliardi hanno subito danni e le perdite economiche complessive sono stimate
intorno ai 1300 miliardi di dollari (UNDP, 2012). Le cause dell’esposizione umana
ai pericoli e rischi sono molteplici, ma certamente la forte crescita demografica
e la corsa allo sviluppo stanno portando molti paesi a favorire l’insediamento e
l’urbanizzazione di aree ad alta dinamicità ambientale, seguendo regole e modelli
di gestione del territorio non esplicitamente configurati alla riduzione dei rischi
The Hydro-Biological Research Components of the Integrated Management of Lagoon Activities, in Hue Vietnam.
No full textA Cross-Cultural Analysis of Natural Disaster Response: The Northwest Italy Floods of 1994 Compared to the U.S. Midwest Floods of 1993
No full textThe role of information technologies in the integration and transfer of disaster knowledge.
Full text linkThis study seeks to define the main factors and operational framework affecting the exchange of knowledge by means of modern information technologies within the disaster management community. Despite the considerable advances made in the field of natural hazard and disaster management, exchanges and interaction between members of the community have not yet reached a sufficient level to foster a symbiotic growth of the discipline. The advancements brought by information technologies like satellite communications, computer networks, and various decision support systems, may have changed this trend. The analysis of the diffusion and application of such technologies in a diverse sample of 96 disaster-management agencies (selected in the states of Alabama, California, and Massachusetts, and in the Italian regions of Campania, Friuli Venezia Giulia, and Tuscany), confirmed the hypothesis that information technology can enhance the sharing of disaster knowledge, if attuned to the unique settings and professional culture of the local disaster-management community. Four basic factors appeared to be the key variables that affect the knowledge transfer process: (a) professional culture, (b) context, (c) technology, and (d) interaction
La natura umana dei disastri
No full textORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI MEDICINA D'EMERGENZA-URGENZA (SIMEU
Cibo in emergenza; facilitare il ritorno alla normalità con i sapori della cucina locale.
No full textLo studio della produzione e consumo di cibo è tema integrante della geografia umana, disciplina interessata a capire il continuo adattamento umano all’ambiente e alle sue risorse. Le tappe evolutive dell’Homo sapiens sono strettamente collegate a come e con che cosa questi si alimentava e le mappe della geografia del cibo rivelano un complesso schema di connessioni globali che riflette i rapporti fra etnie e nazioni. Il manoscritto descrive la gestione dell’alimentazione nelle crisi umanitarie, partendo dal Manuale Operativo del Progetto Sphere 2011, che indica chiaramente come sia importante garantire la somministrazione di cibo alle popolazioni tenendo conto di specifiche esigenze di carattere territoriale legate al binomio tradizione-identità
Marine Realms Information Bank, a Distributed Geolibrary for the Ocean; a New Means for Scientific Communication, Publishing, and Libraries.
No full textThe Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) is a prototype web-based distributed geolibrary that organizes, indexes, and delivers online information about the oceanic and coastal environments. The improvement of computer power and connectivity of the 1990s, by enabling very fast exchange of data online, has shown that effective information management does not automatically result from quicker connection or large broadband. Millions of web sites have been setup to provide information on every subject, and various information-gathering systems have been developed to locate information online. Unfortunately, these search engines often produce exhaustive bibliographic lists that mix first-quality scientific knowledge with irrelevant materials. To be really useful, information banks require not only quality control but also classification systems that integrate and organize the information. In 1999 the National Research Council proposed the concept of distributed geolibraries, which are online digital libraries able to provide a simple mechanism for searching and retrieving information in response to topical and geographically defined needs. Distributed geolibraries are beneficial for various reasons, the most important of which is the authoritative role they would come to assume as subject gateways. To be referenced through a scientific geolibrary, information sources must meet quality standards set by the library gatekeeper. Another important benefit of a distributed geolibrary comes from its "distributed" attribute. Without the need to collect information in one physical location, local curators can serve and update online information without the requirement of maintaining consistency among multiple copies. The MRIB prototype implements the distributed geolibrary concept to organize, index, and deliver online information about the oceanic and coastal environments. MRIB provides access to information, but it is not an information repository. It incorporates information that exists in remote sources, without modifying formats or content. This system succeeds by building a central index that consists of Electronic Index Cards containing metadata about the information sources, their geographical areas, and their network locations. The ontology of MRIB is expressed in the classification system through which users can explore the available information. MRIB currently classifies information with 13 types of categories (facets): Location, Geologic Time, Features, Biota, Discipline, Scientific Method, Hot Topics, Project Name, Agency Name, Author, Class, Format, and Audience. Classifying information is not automatic but is performed by a librarian, which is both the major benefit and the major operating cost of MRIB. The significance of MRIB lies both in the utility of the information bank and in the implementation of the distributed geolibraries concept. Distributed information banks, such as MRIB, can be applied widely as unifying portals for extensive or rapidly developing information bases, for which a centralized repository would be impractical. In addition, MRIB has a modular structure that allows a classification system to be easily modified, to expedite the development and testing of suitable classification systems for existing information bases
Information Technologies and the Sharing of Disaster Knowledge: the Critical Role of Professional Culture.
No full textHazard, vulnerability and risk mapping to facilitate disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation actions in Northern Vietnam.
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