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Servitudes
No full textThe concept of servitudes was utilized by some writers on international law to qualify a regime of restrictions, established by treaty or local custom, applicable to the territory of one State in the interest of the territory of one or more other States. The main character of such regime was identified with the permanent attachment to the territory of the State, so as to be opposable to third States and transmissible in case of a change in sovereignty. From this flowed the analogy with the civil law institute of servitudes: the servient State to which are imposed localized obligations; the dominant State entitled to exercise the corresponding right within the limits provided by the act establishing the servitude.However, the majority of legal writers always doubted that this analogy was adequate, because of the heterogeneousness of the situations evocated, lacking a clear common ground. The only common element was that servitudes, as minor rights in rem, did not imply a transfer of territorial sovereignty but only a limitation of it. The author advocates that international servitudes made their time, the idea of the existence of regimes running with the land still survives in relation to the so-called dispositive treaties, creating territorial objective regimes opposable to third States and automatically transmissible in case of succession. The question is whether there is presently any place for the doctrine of servitudes in international law. The answer has to be negative, not only because the term international servitude is legally incorrect and politically unacceptable, but also because the more recent version of ancient servitudes, the objective territorial regimes created by dispositive treaties, equally face the same uncertainty about their legal standing in international law
Il contributo di Maria Rita Saulle alla causa dei diritti umani
No full textL'articolo evidenzia i tratti essenziali delal personalità scientifica e profesisonale della giurista Maria Rita Saulle, scomparsa mentre scvolgeva la sua funzione di giudice costituzionale, alla quale era stata chiamata dal Presidente della Repubblica. In particolare, si dimostra, facendo riferimento al contributo scientifico- accademico e a quello profesisonale, come Maria Saulle abbia fornito un contributo a ttto tondo alla promozione e alla ptrotezione di diritti umani. Fondamentale la sua azione nel campo dei diritti delle persone vulnerabili, come i fanciulli, le donne e I disabili. Si evidenzia anche il ruolo dei Maria Rita Saulle quale relatore dii numerose sentenze della Corte costituzionale collegate alla tmatica della tutela dei diritti umani.This article is aimed at presenting the valuable contribution of an Italian scholar of international law, Maria Rita Saulle, to the promotion and protection of human rights through her entire lifespan, in the different functions that she carried out, finally as judge of the Italian Constitutional Court. In particular, the role of Maria Rita Saulle has been fundamental in the field of the protection of human rights of some vulnerable categories of persons, such as child, women and disables persons. Her inputs on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court concerning human rights is also shown
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