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Alteration pattern of medieval stained glass from Certosa di Pavia (Pavia Carthusian Monastery), Northern Italy
No full textLe tessere delle vetrate istoriate della Certosa di Pavia: composizione, microstruttura e processi di degrado
No full textWindow panes of the Certosa di Pavia: chemical composition, microstructure and alteration.
No full textThe glass panes of five stained windows of the Certosa di Pavia, (representing S. Caterina, S. Gregorio, S. Girolamo, S. Bernardo and the Presepe) have been analysed by electron microscope and electron microprobe to identify the composition, production techniques and alteration processes. Some blue, green and red glass is multilayered, i.e. is of different glass types that are commonly defined as flashed glass in the literature. The glass panes of the Certosa di Pavia show a great variety of composition. Most samples were made of K–Ca glass, but Na–Ca glass is also present. The composition of the Certosa glass is similar to that of European Medieval glass. In the time between 1000 and 1400 AD, beechwood ash was the raw material for the fluxes used by glass makers. The alteration processes reveal a complex sequence with clear successive steps: at an early stage there is a microbe attack, followed by chemical alteration and crystallisation of gypsum
Melting path-ways of medieval glass from Certosa di Pavia (Italy).
No full textThe melt of silicate system and the compositional evolution of glass-melt can be modelled by the K2O-SiO2-CaO system. Furthermore, in this way we achieve useful information about solid phases in the batch related to the melt glass. The case of study is taken from the chemical analyses of stained glass windows of Certosa di Pavia (Carthusian Monastry) XVth century AD and it demonstrates how the chemical compositions of different kind of glass are clustered in a narrow region of the plot. This suggests a common recipe and a total batch melting-model followed by all glass typologies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Indagine tecnico-scientifica sulle decorazioni in cotto del chiostro piccolo di S. Lanfranco (Pavia)
No full textDisentangling the multiple stressors acting on stream ecosystems to support restoration priorities
Get PDFStream ecosystems may suffer from the effects of multiple stressors. Planning restoration actions without knowing the relative weight of each stressor might lead to disproportionately costly or ecologically meaningless measures. This is particularly relevant under the EU Water Framework Directive where economic considerations play a role in justifying exemptions from the overarching aim of the directive of achieving the good ecological status in all the EU water bodies by 2015. In this study, we correlated the status of macroinvertebrate assemblages with many environmental variables at 120 monitoring stations (surveyed in 2009-2011) in the streams of Lombardy, Italy. We used a combination of regression techniques to disentangle the effects of the different stressors. Furthermore, different profiles of ecological quality were associated with the dominant stressors. Finally, examples are given about how these study findings provide elements to identify restoration scenarios that maximize the effectiveness/cost ratio
Stained glass windows of Certosa di Pavia: technical and workmanship reconstruction of coloured panels
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Medieval Stained Glass Windows fron Pavia Carthusian Monastery (Northern Italy)
No full textStained glass windows of the Carthusian monastery (Certosa) of Pavia (15th century) were investigated during a recent restoration campaign, to define chemical compositions and to understand manufacture techniques. Analyses were performed on six stained
glass windows, representing S. Caterina (St. Catherine), S. Gregorio (St. Gregory), S. Agostino (St. Augustine), la Nativita` (the Nativity), S. Bernardo (St. Bernard) and S. Girolamo (St. Jerome), and on two undecorated windows. The methodological approach couples micro-sampling with micro-analyses. The detailed chemical analysis reveals four compositionally distinct glass-types: mixed alkali, soda and two potash glass types. These
last two types display a rather constant MgO content but variable CaO content and define two main compositional clusters, CaO rich (Type II) and CaO poor (Type III), that have been ascribed to the pristine glass. The compositional boundary of Type II and Type III
glass fits those already defined in recent literature. The mixed alkali and soda glass are considered to be related to later repairs. The narrow compositional cluster represents a good statistical result defining the composition of the pristine glass panes and allows compositional comparisons with stained glass from coeval cathedrals of Northern Europe (Germany, Switzerland and France). Close similarities are found to stained glass from
Rouen and St. Maur des Fosses
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