1,721,042 research outputs found
Le Manifestazioni allergiche da sensibilizzazione a componenti dei guanti per impiego sanitario.
No full textIl volume tratta delle patologie legate all'impiego di guanti in latice. L'impiego di guanti in gomma naturale, in particolare in ambito sanitario, può causare 'eczema allergico da contatto, per sensibilizzazione ad additivi della gomma, in particolare i vulcanizzanti e patologie legate a sensibilizzazione IgE mediata a proteine presenti nel latice naturale. La cosiddetta "malattia da latice" inizia in genere con orticaria ed edema nella sede di contatto, per evolvere in genere verso un'orticaria generalizzata. In circa un terzo dei casi le manifestazioni cutanee si complicano con sintomi respiratori (asma e/o rinite). L'allergia al lattice naturale si accompagna spesso ad allergia per alimenti vegetali che cross-reagiscono con superantigeni del latice: soprattutto kiwi, banana, avocado e castagna. Viene sottolineata la possibilità di reazioni allergiche gravi, fino allo shock anafilattico nel caso un paziente sensibilizzato al latice venga sottoposto ad intervento chirurgico o a manovre diagnostiche invasive, che comportino il contatto con manufatti in latice. Vengono trattati infine gli aspetti preventivi e le possibili alternative ai guanti in latice
Le allergopatie professionali: passato e presente.
No full textSummary. Il percorso conoscitivo della Medicina del Lavoro nel campo delle Allergopatie professionali può essere così schematizzato: 1) individuazione di nuovi agenti etiologici per patologie professionali già note (ad es. l'asma bronchiale); 2) individuazione di meccanismi patogenetici su base immunitaria come momenti essenziali di numerose patologie professionali; 3) approfondimento delle conoscenze dei meccanismi fisiopatologici delle malattie professionali su base allergica nota; 4) messa a punto di nuove metodiche diiagnostiche che consentono di evidenziare la sensibilizzazione a sostanze presenti nell'ambiente di lavoro. Le Allergopatie professionali, in cui l'agente causale è noto e l'esposizione misurabile forniscono un modello di studio e di ricerca per le analoghe patologie legate ad agenti non occupazionali
Potroom asthma: broncospasmo irritativo o da sensibilizzazione?.
No full textAbstract
The incidence of occupational bronchial asthma (potroom asthma) among workers employed on electrolytic reduction of aluminium is between 0.4 and 4%. No precise etiological agent has been identified; irritating agents are usually blamed, especially fluoridric acid, dusts, and SO2. Nevertheless, some features of potroom asthma, such as the moderate prevalence, the latency period, the progressive increase in sensitivity with continuing exposure, the appearance of symptoms several hours after the beginning of the work shift, the persistence of symptoms and of aspecific bronchial hyperreactivity even after withdrawal from the working environment, suggest the possibility of occupational asthma due to sensitization. Knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanism has direct influence on prevention: in the case of asthma due to irritants it may be sufficient to comply with the TLV, while in the case of sensitization, even low levels of exposure can be sufficient to trigger off the symptoms of bronchial asthma
Le malattie cutanee.
No full textRiassunto. Viene discussa la fisiologia della risposta cutanea a Noxae esogene e i meccanismi di difesa della cute. Le dermopatie professionali sono state classificate come Dermatiiti Allergiche da contatto, Dermatiti da contatto irriitante, Dermatiti tossiche , Dermatiti da infezione o infestazione da agenti biologici e Neoplasie cutanee. Per ciascuna categoria viene discusso il quadro clinico, l'etiopatogenesi, i protocolli diagnostici e diagnostico-differenziali. Infine vengono trattati gli aspetti preventivi, con particolare riguardo ai Dispositivi Individuali di Prevenzione e alle misure legate alla protezione della cute con adeguati detergenti e idratanti
Ambiente e sistema immunitario.
No full textAbstract: A large number of xenobiotics (i. e. chemicals, drugs and biologicals) may adversely affect the immune system in consequence of different mechanisms: 1) the capacity of a large variety of xenobiotics to cause an allergic sensitization and different types of allergic sequelae (e.g. bronchial asthma, rhinitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, contact dermatitis); 2) the adjuvant effect, potentiating the IgE mediated immuno-response against ubiquitous allergens (e.g. pollens); 3) the direct or indirect action on the immune system, at doses that did not cause overt toxicity. This effect is studied by a new discipline, called Immunotoxicology; 4) the indirect action on the target organ, which facilitate the onset of respiratory symptoms in previously asymptomatic subjects. The widespread distributions of xenobiotics in the environment suggests that our current knowledge of their adverse health effects may represent only the tip of the iceberg and that exposure to such immunotoxic agents may play a greater role than heretofore suspected in disease causation. The exposure to immunotoxic agents in the workplace might represent and additional risk to HIV positive individuals
Le malattie degli organi di senso: l'apparato uditivo.
No full textL'esposizione professionale a rumore con intensità superiore agli 80 dB provoca una progressiva perdita dell'udito nei lavoratori esposti. L'innalzamento della soglia uditiva inizia alla frequenza audiometrica di 4000 Hz, per estendersi successivamente alle frequenze vicine, 3000 e 8000 Hz. Proseguendo l'esposizione, vengono coinvolte le frequenze della voce parlata e l'ipoacusia diviene sordità manifesta. Si tratta di sordità percettiva, bilaterale e simmetrica. Non si osservano peggioramenti dopo la cessazione dell'esposizione. Anche l'esposizione a determinatesostanze tossiche, per lo più farmaci può essere causa di ipoacusia. Vengono discussi gli aspetti diagnostici e le strategie preventive
The risk of occupational asthma[RISCHIO DI ASMA BRONCHIALE PROFESSIONALE]
No full textAbstract
The authors define the 'asthma risk' and its difference from 'allergy risk' based upon the present knowledge on bronchial asthma induction; later they discuss the pathogenic mechanism and the main causal factors of allergic and non-allergic bronchial asthma. Results of epidemiological studies are then presented. A case-control study shows the relative risk (RR) of bronchial asthma in different occupations; the RR is highest in furniture painting workers and in the wood industry. A cross-sectional study shows the prevalence of bronchial asthma in populations working in chemical, textile, mechanical engineering and wood industries
Emerging pollens and seasonal allergy. Epidemiological trends.
No full textSummary: In the last decades qualitative and quantitative changes in the pollen sensitization pattern occurred. In all developed countries a steady increase in the prevalence of respiratory allergies has been observed, together with a rise of subjects producing specific IgE to different pollen families and who develops allergic symptoms. The allergological relevance of some “emerging" pollens was also discussed. This event has been analyzed both from an aerobiological and clinical point of view, with reference to the pollen families concerned. The differences of pollenosis prevalence in different geographical areas and the effects on the seasonality of symptoms have been reported. At last the issue of increasing relevance of molecular diagnostics for allergic disease has been considered
Allergy to pollen of urban cultivated plants
No full textAbstract
Graminaceae, Urticaceae, Compositae, Betulaceae, Corylaceae and Oleaceae are the most representative allergenic
taxa in Italy. In this paper the airborne pollen counts of the main allergenic families collected for a six-year period
(1991–1996) in Padua’s area were analysed. We observed a significant variability for all allergenic pollen types
considered
All cats are gray in the dark or: not all NSAIDs give adverse reactions. A case report.
No full textBackground: Intolerance to acetylsalicilic
acid (ASA) and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) is a crucial problem in
medical practice. The prevalence of NSAIDs
intolerance is estimated as 0.6–2.5 in the
general population, rising to over 10–20% in
asthmatic patients. In general practice,
NSAIDs are always supposed to cross-react
with each other. Because the use of ASA as
platelet antiaggregant is mandatory in many
cardiological diagnostic and therapeutic
procedures, ASA intolerance is a common
and a severe problem in Coronary Intensive
Care Unit (CICU). Here we describe the
case of a Diclofenac intolerant patient who
tolerates ASA treatment without any reaction.
Case Report: A 57 years old male patient,
affected with mild hypertension and osteoarthritis
suffered a severe anaphylaxis
after the application of a Diclofenac suppository.
A few minutes after the drug
application he had symptoms of glottis
oedema and rapidly fell unconscious. The
rescue team found him pulseless. He underwent
to resuscitation procedures with success.
Then, he was admitted into the CICU
and the tests performed there showed: nonspecific,
diffused alterations of the repolarization
(DII, DIII; V3-V6) at the electrocardiogram;
a mild increment of troponine I
(maximum 3.17 mg/L); no pathological findings
at the echocardiography. The ventricular
coronarography showed a 95% stenosis
of a collateral vessel of the right coronary
artery that underwent to a successful placement
of a drug-eluting stent. Chest X-Ray,
ultrasound scans of the abdomen and of the
chest, and brain Computer Tomography
were normal. When he was in CICU he
was started on therapy with ASA 100 mg
daily under medical control. He tolerated
ASA without any complication during all
the eleven days of hospitalization. The
allergy consultant suggested to avoid stopping
the therapy with ASA and to avoid
taking Diclofenac, Aceclofenac and any
other NSAIDs, apart from paracetamole in
the future. This case demonstrates that
patients with severe Diclofenac hypersensitivity
could tolerate other NSAIDs, in
particular ASA, mandatory in some medical
procedures. Other authors (1) described
tolerance of indomethacin, piroxicam,
methamizole but not ASA in 12 Diclofenac
hypersensitive patients.
Conclusion: In conclusion, patients referring
previous reactions to NSAIDs should not be
a priori excluded from treatment requiring
ASA
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