117,325 research outputs found

    PCBs and PAHs in sea-surface microlayer and sub-surfacewater samples of the Venice Lagoon (Italy)

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    Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are two classes of micropollutants intensively monitored\ud and regulated due to their toxicity, persistency and wide diffusion. Their concentrations have been investigated in sea-microlayer\ud (SML) and sub-surface water (SSW) samples collected at two sites of the Venice Lagoon, a fragile ecosystem highly influenced by industrial\ud and anthropogenic emissions. The total PPCB concentration varies from 0.45 ng/l to 2.1 ng/l in SSW while a clear enrichment is\ud observed in the SML, where it ranges from 1.2 ng/l to 10.5 ng/l. The total PPAH concentration shows marked differences between the\ud two stations and varies from 12.4 ng/l to 266.8 ng/l in SSW; in SML it is more uniform and ranges from 19.6 ng/l to 178.9 ng/l. The\ud enrichment factors are not larger than 1 for both pollutants in the dissolved phase, while they are most significant for the particulate\ud phase (PPCB: 5–9; PPAH: 4–14).\ud 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

    Transport of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to the Venice Lagoon

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    Concentrations of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied over one year at two sites of the Venice lagoon (designated Marine and Industrial) and at a mainland station (designated Rural) in Italy. Average åPAH concentrations, calculated as sum of 16 PAHs, at Marine are about three and five times lower than those at Industrial and Rural, respectively. The seasonal trends, the temperature-PAH relationship, and principal component analysis indicate that at Industrial and Marine sites several local sources (vehicle and industrial emissions, etc.) could be the PAH sources in the warmer months, whereas in the colder months the main PAH sources could alternate between vehicle emissions and residential heating. At Rural the main PAH sources are: vehicle emissions in the spring and autumn; vehicle emissions, field burning, and wood combustion in the summer; and vehicle emissions and fuel consumption for residential heating in the winter. To evaluate the contribution from different sources to the Venice Lagoon air, horizontal fluxes of PAHs have been obtained. The estimated annual flux of PAHs is about 9 times greater at Industrial (193.5 mg m-2 y-1) than at Marine (20.6 mg m-2 y-1). These results show that study of the chemical contamination of the Venice atmosphere must take into account the PAH flux derived from marine sources as well as the continental input
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