1,721,024 research outputs found
Detection of circulating prostate specific antigen expressing prostatic cells in the bone marrow of radical prostatectomy patients by sensitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
No full textBreast cancer in women with palpable breast cysts
No full textComment on:
Risk of breast cancer in women with palpable breast cysts: a prospective study. Edinburgh Breast Group.
Dixon JM, McDonald C, Elton RA, Miller WR. Lancet. 1999 May 22;353(9166):1742-5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)06408-3. PMID: 1034798
Role and function of matrix metalloproteinases in the differentiation and biological characterization of mesenchymal stem cells
No full textMatrix metalloproteinases, known as matrixins, are Ca/Zn-dependent endoproteinases involved in a wide variety of developmental and disease-associated processes, proving to be crucial protagonists in many physiological and pathological mechanisms. The ability of MMPs to alter, by limited proteolysis and through the fine control of tissue specific inhibitors, the activity or function of numerous proteins, enzymes and receptors suggests their involvement in various important cellular functions also during development. In this review we focus on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (such as the myoblastic, osteoblastic, chondroblastic, neural and apidoblastic lineages) and the possible if unexpected biological significance of MMPs in its regulation. The MMP system has been implicated in several differentiation events suggesting it in mediating the proliferative and pro-differentiating effect of matrixin proteolytic cascade. We summarize these regulatory effects of MMPs on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and hypothesize on the function of MMPs in stem cell differentiation processes
Prostate-specific antigen found in type I breast cyst fluids is a secretory product of the apocrine cells lining breast gross cysts
No full textProstate-specific antigen (PSA), a serine protease thought to be exclusively produced by the prostate epithelial cells, has been recently found in human breast tissues and fluids. PSA in breast cancer is associated with the presence of steroid-hormones and receptors, and its presence seems to be a favourable prognostic indicator. In order to clarify whether the cells lining breast cysts may represent the source of PSA found in human breast cyst fluid, we performed an ultrastructural immunolocalization of PSA in the cells surrounding Type I breast cysts, obtained from breast cyst fluids of women affected by breast gross cystic disease, the most commonly occurring benign breast lesions associated with increased cancer risk. These apocrine cells show morphological features typical of actively synthesizing and secreting cells, and a PSA labelling distributed on free ribosomes, RER cisternae, and secretory granules, indicating that the metabolically active apocrine cells lining the Type I c..
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA/hK3): a further player in the field of breast cancer diagnostics?
No full text: Since its identification, much information has been obtained about prostate-specific antigen (PSA, or human glandular kallikrein 3 [hK3]), a kallikrein-like serine protease that is the most valuable tumour marker for the screening, diagnosis and management of human prostate carcinoma. Recently, it has become widely accepted that PSA is also present in many nonprostatic sources, casting doubts about the specificity of its tissue expression. Here we summarize the findings on the biomolecular expression of PSA in breast secretions, cells and tissues of healthy and diseased females. Although several studies have strongly suggested that the molecular forms of PSA seem to represent a potential tool for the risk assessment of breast cancer, recent reports have yielded conflicting results. Although several studies have suggested new biological function(s) for PSA in breast physiopathology, more studies are needed to enlist PSA unequivocally as an additional weapon in the anticancer armoury in breast cancer diagnostics
Caratterizzazione biochimica ed immunolocalizzazione dell'antigene prostatico specifico nella placenta umana
No full textDifferential distribution of soluble and complexed forms of prostate-specific antigen in cyst fluids of women with gross cystic breast disease
No full textGross cystic breast disease (GCBD) is the most common benign disease of the human female breast, and patients with GCBD have an increased risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution inside apocrine cells and in breast cyst fluids aspirated from gross cysts of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) molecular forms, and to correlate the different intracystic PSA profiles to the subpopulations of gross cysts. Type I cysts showed a median value of 0.71 μg/L of total PSA and 0.32 g/L of ACT, significantly different to that of Type II cysts (Wilcoxon P<0.001). Although large excesses of ACT were detected in all samples, BCF samples and apocrine cells from Type I gross cysts contained about 70% of free PSA, compared to the higher amounts of complexed PSA found in Type II gross cysts. We demonstrate that in apocrine/secretive Type I breast gross cysts the serine protease PSA was mainly present in its free form, in contrast to a major proportion of complexed PSA found in flattened/transudative Type II cysts. Our results are consistent with the notion that a prolonged exposure of apocrine breast cells lining the Type I gross cysts to the proteolytic activity of PSA could be involved in the etiopathogenesis of GCBD. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Molecular forms and ultrastructural localization of prostate-specific antigen in nipple aspirate fluids
No full textAlpha 1-antichymotrypsin complexes in human breast cyst fluids
No full textAlpha1-antichymotrypsin, a serum protease inhibitor, was found in 72 breast cyst fluids aspirated from women affected by gross cystic breast disease. When fractionated by gel chromatography, the presence of protein complexes or aggregates was demonstrated. A different distribution of the α1-antichymotrypsin appeared to be related to the ionic composition of the breast cyst fluid; when compared with metabolically active apocrine cysts, a statistically significant increase of α1 protease inhibitor values in flattened epithelial cysts was revealed (P < 0.001). Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis showed in apocrine cysts ( Na K ratio < 3) a characteristic double peak of α1-antichymotrypsin immunoprecipitin curve. The relationship between this α1 protease inhibitor and electrolyte profiles may provide further knowledge about the imbalance between proteases and their inhibitors on functional changes of gross cysts and might be useful in studies on their mechanism of formation and relationship to subsequent breast cancer. © 1994
MEASUREMENTS, ZYMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 AND -9 IN HEALTHY HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD
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