33 research outputs found
A study of West African students' opinions of problems encountered in educational institutions in Metropolitan Atlanta, 1979
No full textThis study dealt with a two-fold problem. First, it analysed the problems experienced by a selected gorup of West African students attend�ing educational institutions in the Metropolitan Atlanta area. Secondly, it evaluated the opinions of these West African students toward the kinds and quality of assistance provided for them, in solving their problems, by their respective institutions, home-governments, instructors and fellow students. The purpose of this study was to determine the problems experienced by a selected group of West African students and their opinions of the quality of assistance provided for them while they were enrolled in these educational institutions in the Metropolitan Atlanta area. Two hundred and six West African students were used. They came from Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone. The Mooney Problem Checklist and an Opinionaire, designed by the writer for the specific purpose of this study, were used to gather the information needed. The variables used were: (a) academic classification (b) mode of sponsorship, (c) chronological age, (d) national origin, (e) nature of school attended, (f) sex, (g) duration of stay in the United States, (h) marital status and (i) socio-economic background. The following null hypotheses were tested: 1. There is no statistically significant difference between the opinions of these subjects regarding the assistance given them by the educational insittutions they attend. 2. There is no statistically significant relationship between the subjects' problems relative to the variables studied. 3. There is no statistically significant difference between the opinions of these subjects regarding the assistance given them by their home-governments. Findings A summary of the findings of the study is as follows: 1. The majority of these subjects had favorable opinions of the assistance colleges and universities had given them in their orientation activities. 2. The majority of these subjects had favorable opinions of the assistance American students had given them in their efforts to adjust to American social and behavioral patterns and codes of dress. 3. Slightly more than half of these subjects had favorable opinions of the assistance American students had given them in their efforts to adjust to American culture and practices. 4. The overwhelming majority of these subjects had favorable opinions of the assistance instructors had given them in their efforts to choose academic courses. 5. The overwhelming majority of these subjects had favorable opinions of their instructors' attitudes toward their psycho-logical problems. 6. The overwhelming majority of these subjects had favorable opinions of the assistance their instructors had given them in their efforts to solve their academic problems. 7. The majority of these subjects had favorable opinions of the assistance the institutions had given them in their efforts to solve their social problems. 8. The majority of these subjects had favorable opinions of their home governments concerning the adequacy of the information provided them about the United States before they came to the United States to study. 9. The majority of these subjects had favorable opinions of the efforts made by their home-governments to assist them in locating jobs in their respective home countries at the comple-tion of their studies. 10. The majority of these subjects had unfavorable opinions of the financial assistance given to them by their home-governments when they faced financial problems. 11. The majority of these subjects had unfavorable opinions of the information provided for them on the availability of scholarships and loans. 12. Slightly more than half of these students had unfavorable opinions of the assistance given them by their home-govern�ments in their efforts to solve their personal problems. 13. Approximately half of these subjects had unfavorable opinions of the assistance given them by their home-governments to solve their social-psychological problems. 14. The majority of these subjects had unfavorable opinions of the efforts made by their home-governments to adequately keep them informed of events in their home countries. 15. The hypothesis, relative to the statistically significant difference between the opinions of the West African subjects regarding the roles of institutions on helping resolve their problems, was rejected with reference to the nature of the schools attended, academic classification, mode of sponsorship and age. 160 The hypothesis, relative to the statistically significant difference between the opinions of these West African subjects with reference to the roles of their home-governments in solving their problems, was rejected with reference to national origin and marital status. 17. The hypothesis, relative to the statistically significant relationship between the problems troubling the West African student subjects, was rejected for all variables. Conclusions 1. The majority of these West African subjects had favorable opinions of the assistance: a. colleges and universities had given them in their orienta-tion activities. b. American students had given them in their efforts to ad�just to the American culture. c. instructors had given them in their efforts to choose academic courses. d. instructors had given them in their efforts to solve their academic problems. e. instructors had given them in their efforts to solve their social'problems. f. their home-governments had given them in their efforts to locate jobs in their respective home countries when their studies were completed. g. their home-governments had given them to enable them to return home when they were confronted with financial problems at the completion of their studies. 2. The majority of these West African subjects had unfavorable opinions of: a. the information their home-governments had given them about the availability of scholarships and loans. b. the assistance their home-governments had given them in- their efforts to solve their personal problems. c. their home-governments' efforts to keep them properly informed of significant events in their home countries. d. their home-governments had given them in their efforts to solve their financial problems. Implications 1. These West African subjects seem to have had many difficulties in their efforts to acquire academic training in the educa-tional institutions in the Metropolitan Atlanta area. 2. It seems these West African subjects did not have ade�quate financial support, from their institutions, home- governments, and other sources, to provide adequate funds to cover the cost of their educational and living expenses. As a result, some of them had to work and earn money to help defray their expenses. This need for extra work prolongs the completion of their programs, thus depriving their govern-ments of years of valuable service. 3. These West African subjects seemed to have been highly moti-vated and determined to complete their programs, in spite of the many difficulties they encountered in the process. They seemed to have had high frustration tolerance levels which enabled them to endure the hardships they experienced, 4. It seems that these West African subjects recognized their deficiencies, that is, lack of adequate finances, a need to make new adjustments to different behavioral patterns, and different cultures, and they seemed to have appreciated the assistance given them by institutions, friends, teachers and home governments, 5. All of these variables seem to have been so inter-related that they had a general effect on these subjects. Recommendations 1. Knowledge of the difficulties experienced by these West African subjects may be useful, to all institutions attended by these subjects, in planning programs and other forms of assistance for these students, 2. More accurate information, about cost, behavior patterns, and academic programs, should be provided to these students before they leave their homes for study in the United States. They could plan more wisely, thus they would experience less difficulty in the experiences they have, 3. More financial assistance should be provided to the West African students. They could devote full-time to study, thus completing their programs sooner. More service could be given to their occupations when they return to their home governments. 4. More adequate assistance should be made available to these West African students to help them resolve the personal problems they experience while living in the United States. 5. Persons, trained in personnel xrork xd.th emphasis on the helping professions, should be employed by the Embassies or Consulates to deal exclusively with the personal and psycho-logical problems of students from their respective countries
Are policies alone effective to curb the widespread of covid-19?: A comparison of the US and Canada.
No full textRising incidents of covid-19 cases has become a primary concern of the government of the US and Canada. The US has the highest number of covid-19 cases in the world with 16, 549, 366 cases and 454,852 cases recorded in Canada as of December 12. The purpose of this paper is to examine policy effectiveness in curbing the widespread of Covid-19 in the US and Canada from February 1 to October 20. Using an observational study, this paper analyzed thirteen subcategories of policies, four aggregate indices, and social distancing attitudes of the polity used by the government of the US and Canada to reduce the spread of covid-19 in their nations. On April 1, when social distancing compliance and stringency index peaked in both countries, new cases per million and declined in the US and Canada. When economic reopening began in gradual phases in May, stringency index and social distancing compliance declined gradually while new cases per million in the US and Canada started rising on June 1. The results show that policies are effective to curb the widespread Coronavirus disease but there is a long lag period and these policies cannot be relaxed at any point in time if the objective is to contain the virus. Strict policies will be at the expense of hurting the economy. The dilemma facing the regulators is unprecedented. Furthermore, social distancing data show how political beliefs can present itself as a major limitation to the effectiveness of state or federal mandate to curb the widespread of the coronavirus. There is hope that vaccines will put an end to this miserable year.Not peer reviewedcapstone projectA project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of master of science in environmental economics and
Managementstringency indexsocial distancingcoronavirus (SARS-VoV-2, COVID-19)government responseUnited StatesCanad
The content and form of Yoruba ijala.
No full textIn the first part of the thesis, the author starts with a description of the social setting and the nature of Yoruba ijala. Then he makes a quick survey of the constituent elements of the content of Yoruba ijala, and, after expounding the characteristics of both the inner and the outer form of ijala [which lead him to conclude that ijala is a type of oral poetry with a metrical scheme] he records the standards by which ijala-composition and ijala-performance are respectively judged. In the second part of the thesis, the author gives, with English translations and explanatory notes, representative examples of ijala, arranged in classes
Investing in science and technology in Africa : policy issues and options for the 21st century
No full textThis paper has been prepared by Mr. Titus Adeboye as consultant to the United Nations Secretariat. The views expressed are those of its author and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations or its member States. It is reproduced after substantial reviews and editing by ECA staff.
The report is organized into three parts. The first part outlines some recent, international community-initiated activities to improve the continent's science and technology. In the second part on Africa' current situation concerning science and technology (S&T), the report indicates that despite the increasing awareness of the important role of science and technology for development, African countries do not invest much in research and development and training of the skilled personnel to sustain scientific creativity and technological innovation. The third part then examines the present policy issues and problems, so as to outline the future policy options
Missed vaccination opportunities at a secondary health facility in Ilorin, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Immunization remains a key strategy in the control of childhood diseases, with a child expected to have five visits according to the current National Programme on Immunization. The study aimed to identify missed vaccination visits and the associated factors in children presenting at the general out-patient clinic of a secondary health facility in Ilorin, Nigeria.Method: Through a descriptive cross-sectional study, the vaccination data of all children seen at the out-patient clinic were critically reviewed over a period of one month. Socio-demographic and immunization details were obtained and reasons for missed vaccination documented. Those that had missed vaccination were commenced on the needed vaccine(s) after counselling of their parent(s), and adequate follow-up was instituted.Results: Eighty-two (5.1%) children out of 1603 seen had missed at least one vaccine visit. The mean (SD) age of the children was 20.1(14.9) months. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Thirty-nine (47.2%) children had missed one visit while 43(52.7%) had missed two or more visits; 16(19.5%) had missed all five visits. Major reasons for missed visits were ill child(26.8%), ignorance about routine vaccine but received vaccine during the National Immunization Days(NID) (19.5%), mother travelled (14.6%), forgot(9.8%), and reaction to previous vaccine(6.1%).Conclusion: The missed opportunity for immunization is high therefore health care providers should enquire about the vaccination status of children at all contact. There is a need to increase awareness on illnesses that are not contra-indications to vaccination, and routine vaccine status should be checked during NID.Keywords: Missed, Opportunity, Vaccination, Children, Routine, Immunizatio
Paediatrics pain management
No full textPain is one of the most common symptoms experienced the world over. It has always received the needed attention and care in the adult but not until recently among children. Several erroneous beliefs contributed to the inadequate attention
among children such as assumption that children did not experience pain to the extent that adults do, because of the immature
nervous system, or that children would not remember the pain. A paediatrician is expected to be knowledgeable about pediatric pain management principles, provide a calm environment for painful procedures, use appropriate assessment tools and techniques, anticipate painful experiences, use a multimodal approach (pharmacologic, cognitive, behavioral, and physical) to pain management, use a multidisciplinary approach when possible and involve families in creating solutions for their child’s pain.
Studies have shown that the most common reason for unrelieved pain is failure to routinely assess pain and provide pain relief. The theories, pathways, transmission, regulations, classifications, assessment scales and the treatment of paediatric pain and practical issues that arise from the use of pharmacologic analgesic in the children were also reviewed and highlighted
Mortality Pattern within Twenty-Four Hours of Emergency Paediatric Admission in a Resource-Poor Nation Health Facility
No full textChildhood pneumonia at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin Nigeria
No full textBackground/Objectives: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children and thus this study was designed to document the sociodemographic, clinical features as well as the bacterial agents responsible for pneumonia in children seen at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital.
Methodology: A descriptive cross -sectional study of children aged one month to 14 years with features of pneumonia admitted between July 1st 2010 and June 31st, 2011 was carried out. Sociodemograpic data, clinical features, complications and outcome were obtained. Chest radiographs and blood samples for culture of bacterial organism and full blood counts were obtained in all children.
Results: Pneumonia accounted for 13.3% (167 out of 1254) of the all admissions during this period. The male: female ratio was 1.5:1, and 101(60.5%) of the children were infants. Bronchopneumonia was identified in 147(88%) children, lobar pneumonia in 15
(9%) while 5(3%) had a combination of both. Cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, tachypnoea and chest wall recessions were recognised as clinical features in the study population. Bacteraemia was present in 46(27%)children and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism cultured from the blood of children with pneumonia present in 11 (23.9%) out of the 46 (100.0%) isolates. Heart failure was associated complication present in 52 of the 60 children with one or more complications accounting for over 30% of all patients. Eleven out of the 15 children with lobar pneumonia had pneumonia-related complications which was significantly higher compared to 46 of 157 children with bronchopneumonia, p=0.003. The case fatality was 6.6%. Eight
(72.7%) of th children that died were infants while the remaining three (27.3%) were aged between 12 and 60 months. The mean duration of hospitalization among those who survived of 6.5 ±5.0 days was significantly lower than the corresponding value of 10.2 ±12.3 days in those that died, p= 0.042.
Conclusion: Pneumonia-related mortality and morbidity is high in under-five children, with the infant age group most affected. Bronchopneumonia is the most prevalent ALRI diagnosis but lobar pneumonia is associated with a higher mortality
Childhood pneumonia at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin Nigeria
No full textBackground/Objectives: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children and thus this study was designed to document the sociodemographic, clinical features as well as the bacterial agents responsible for pneumonia in children seen at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital.Methodology: A descriptive cross -sectional study of children aged one month to 14 years with features of pneumonia admitted between July 1st 2010 and June 31st, 2011 was carried out. Sociodemograpic data, clinical features, complications and outcome were obtained. Chest radiographs and blood samples for culture of bacterial organism and full bloodcounts were obtained in all children.Results: Pneumonia accounted for 13.3% (167 out of 1254) of the all admissions during this period. The male: female ratio was 1.5:1, and 101(60.5%) of the children were infants. Bronchopneumonia was identified in 147(88%) children, lobar pneumonia in 15 (9%) while 5(3%) had a combination of both. Cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, tachypnoea andchest wall recessions were recognised as clinical features in the study population. Bacteraemia was present in 46(27%)children and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism cultured from the blood of children with pneumonia present in 11 (23.9%) out of the 46 (100.0%) isolates. Heart failure was associated complication present in 52 of the 60 children with one or more complications accounting for over 30% of all patients. Eleven out of the 15 children with lobar pneumonia hadpneumonia-related complications which was significantly higher compared to 46 of 157 children with bronchopneumonia, p=0.003. The case fatality was 6.6%. Eight (72.7%) of the children that died were infants while the remaining three (27.3%) were aged between 12 and 60 months. The mean duration of hospitalization among those who survived of 6.5 ±5.0 days was significantly lower than the corresponding value of 10.2 ±12.3 days in those that died, p= 0.042. Conclusion: Pneumonia-related mortality and morbidity is high in under-five children, with the infant age group most affected. Bronchopneumonia is the most prevalent ALRI diagnosis but lobar pneumonia is associated with a higher mortality
