1,721,055 research outputs found
Esiste una memoria di lavoro emotiva? Verso una nuova spiegazione dell'invecchiamento cognitivo
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Spacing effects in recognition memory: When meaning matters
No full textThe present study showed that using incidental learning tasks promoting structural/perceptual processing of targets it is possible to obtain a reliable spacing effect for nonwords in a yes/no recognition memory task, whereas no spacing effect is detected for words. These data are, collectively, incompatible with current theories of spacing effects. A theoretical proposal to account for these findings is outlined
Towards a New Account of Cognitive Aging: The Cognitive-Emotional Trade-Off in Working Memory
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Emotional working memory and Alzheimer's disease
Full text linkA number of recent studies have reported that working memory does not seem to show typical age-related deficits in healthy older adults when emotional information is involved. Differently, studies about the short-term ability to encode and actively manipulate emotional information in dementia of Alzheimer’s type are few and have yielded mixed results. Here, we review behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that points to a complex interaction between emotion modulation and working memory in Alzheimer’s. In fact, depending on the function involved, patients may or may not show an emotional benefit in their working memory performance. In addition, this benefit is not always clearly biased (e.g., towards negative or positive information). We interpret this complex pattern of results as a consequence of the interaction between multiple factors including the severity of Alzheimer’s disease, the nature of affective stimuli, and type of working memory task
The role of encoding in reality monitoring: a running memory test with Alzheimer's type dementia
No full textReality monitoring refers to the discrimination between memories of internal and external events (e.g., Johnson & Raye, 1981). A total of 28 healthy older adults and 28 older adults with Alzheimer's type dementia (DAT) were asked to perform or to imagine performing simple action statements in a running memory test. This task required participants to tell whether the action statement had been carried out or imagined, or whether it was new at unpredictable intervals. The results indicated that older adults with DAT had greater difficulty in reality monitoring than did the healthy control group. The finding is discussed in terms of the role of working memory functions in reality monitoring
Intrusion errors in visuospatial working memory performance
No full textThis study tested the hypothesis that failure in active visuospatial working memory tasks involves a difficulty in avoiding intrusions due to information that is already activated. Two experiments are described, in which participants were required to process several series of locations on a 4 x 4 matrix and then to produce only the final location of each series. Results revealed a higher number of errors due to already activated locations (intrusions) compared with errors due to new locations (inventions). Moreover, when participants were required to pay extra attention to some irrelevant (non-final) locations by tapping on the table, intrusion errors increased. Results are discussed in terms of current models of working memory functioning
The Role of Cognitive Operations in Reality Monitoring: a study with healthy older adults and Alzheimer’s Type Dementia
No full textThe authors examined the role of cognitive operations in discriminations
between externally and internally generated events (e.g., reality monitoring) in healthy
and pathological aging. The authors used 2 reality-monitoring distinctions to manipulate
the quantity and quality of necessary cognitive operations: discriminating between I performed
versus I imagined performing and between I watched another perform versus I
imagined another performing. Older adults had more difficulty than did younger adults
when discriminating between memories in both versions of the task. In addition, older
adults with Alzheimer’s-type dementia showed marked difficulties when attributing a
source to imagined actions. The authors interpret these findings in terms of an age difficulty
or the failure to use cognitive operations as useful cues during source monitoring
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