1,721,066 research outputs found
A role for bioipendace analisys (BIA)
No full textThe measurement of body components is central to the study of body composition in animals and humans. The principle underlying the use of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) for assessing body composition is the relationship between body composition and the water content of the body. Resistance and reactance, the two main determinants of impedance, respond differently at any given frequency to intra-cellular and extra-cellular fluids. Estimation of fat and fat free mass is discussed. Footpad Vs lying position in term of measurement approach as well as accuracy are presented.Using BIA we can measure water content of the body at population level and using specific and appropriate equations we will have the possibility of detecting subjects at risk of overweight and obesity
The invisible fat
No full textChildhood and adolescence are decisive periods in human life. Body composition and psychological changes determine nutritional requirements as well as eating and physical activity behavior variability. Aims of the present paper are to discuss recent advances in measurements for quantifying total body and regional adiposity, and for mapping adipose tissue distribution in order to evaluate metabolic risk factors in children. Among the new methods available for assessing pediatric body composition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can serve as a reference method for measuring tissue and organ volumes because estimates is reliable independent of age. MRI is the method of choice for calibrating field methods designed to measure adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in vivo and is the only method available for measurement of internal tissues and organs. MRI can be used to validate measures of important molecular level components such as fat measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioimpedance analysis. Moreover, the large gap in available information for certain topics makes MRI measurement a dynamic and growing scientific area of body composition investigation
Some applications of indirect calorimetry to sports medicine
No full textSome applications of indirect calorimetry to sports medicine are discussed and exemplified by case reports. In particular, it is suggested that oxigen consumption can be employed to assess the effects of physical activity on fat-free tissues and that the respiratory quotient may offer some insights into the food habits of athletes
INTAKE OF IRON IN A NORTHERN ITALY POPULATION
No full textBackgrounds: Globally an estimated two billion people suffer from a chronic
deficiency of micronutrients. Iron deficiency and related anaemia is a significant
public health problem in several countries, and it becomes a very serious condition
in poor resources countries.
Methods: We investigated dietary iron intake of 719 residents of five provinces of
the Emilia Romagna region in Northern Italy, using a validated semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaire designed to capture eating behaviors in Italy. This
questionnaire was specifically developed as part of the European Prospective
Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study for the Northern Italy population.
We focused our attention especially in non-menopausal women (considered as
aged <50), a population at high risk for anemia, to assess if their iron intake
is adequate taking into account the population reference intake (PRI) recently
established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Results: We found an average iron intake of 13.68 (±4.43) mg/day in males and
11.93 (±4.12) mg/day in females without any differences between younger and
older women (<50 or ≥ 50). These intakes by young women were lower the
intakes recommended by EFSA for non-menopausal women (16 mg/day).
Conclusions: Our analysis suggested that women iron intake in this northern
Italy population is much lower than the recommended levels. Public health
interventions should be considered to increase iron intake in this population and
counteract the risk of iron deficiency anaemia
Sodium Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies
No full textPurpose of the review: To assess the relationship between sodium intake and hypertension risk in cohort studies, based on a systematic review up to January 21, 2022, that also employed a dose-response meta-analysis. Recent findings: Dose-response analysis of available cohort studies (n = 11), using a dietary intake or urinary sodium excretion of 2 g/day as the reference category, showed an excess risk starting at 3 g/day. However, we found a linear relationship across the entire range of sodium exposure in an analysis restricted to studies that used 24 h urinary sodium excretion information and had a low risk of bias. This review confirms prior findings based on experimental studies and identified an almost linear relationship between sodium intake/excretion and hypertension risk in cohort studies, reinforcing the validity of recommendations to prevent cardiovascular disease through the reduction of sodium intake in both normotensive and hypertensive adults
Metabolic Syndrome: a child is not a small adult
No full textObesity is associated with increased all-cause mortality rate and even small weight losses can be associated with short-term reduction in risk factors for disease. There is strong evidence that weight loss in obese subjects improves risk factors for diabetes and cardiac vascular diseases.Metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults is defined as a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which include abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and hypertension. Application of the MS concept in children and adolescents is controversial, in fact no consensus exists on a specific definition for pediatric MS. Lack of consensus is in part due to body evolution associated with childhood and puberty that is related to changes in metabolic and clinical characteristics. Aim of this article is to try to clarify the differences between MS as a concept and MS as a diagnosis category as well as to develop a theory related to its pathophysiology. We comment the relationship between obesity, regional fat distribution and MS and finally we offer some insights MS methodological approach for estimating metabolic risk-factor clustering in children and adolescents
Growth-Healthy status and active food model in pediatrics
No full textOBJECTIVE: The brain integrates peripheral signals of nutrition in order to maintain a stable body weight. Nutritional status defined as the results of introduction, absorption, and utilization of the nutrients could be interpreted with the base of the relationship between nutritional status and healthy status. In this view, energy balance, body function, and body composition are three entities correlated to each other to the healthy status. AIM: To discuss the nutritional status in relation with healthy status, and its relationship with growth and nutrients. METHODS: A review of the available literature on food patterns and active food model was carried out. RESULTS: In the reviewed studies, strategies that could offer promising results to prevent overweight and obesity were discussed, in particular in the light of functional foods that effect energy metabolism and fat partitioning. CONCLUSION: At this moment it is necessary to proactively discuss and promote healthy eating behaviors among children at an early age and empower parents to promote children's ability to self-regulate energy intake while providing appropriate structure and boundaries around eating
La composizione corporea: dal laboratorio alla clinica
No full textI nutrienti influenzano lo stato di nutrizione di un soggetto attraverso diverse variabili quali l’introduzione, l’assorbimento e l’utilizzazione degli stessi. Indagare queste variabili, tuttavia, risulta essere poco funzionale mentre possiamo efficacemente concentrarci soltanto su una di queste tre, l’utilizzazione, che risulta direttamente influenzata dalle due precedenti. Illustrando il concetto di utilizzazione possiamo vedere, secondo un modello operativo dinamico, come lo stato di salute sia legato in modo biunivoco allo stato nutrizionale (OMS/WHO, 1998) attraverso due grandi variabili: quella psico-sociale e quella biologica. Di queste due macrocomponenti la variabile biologica risulta costituita da composizione corporea, bilancio energetico e funzioni corporee che sono valutabili dal nutrizionista attraverso metodiche invasive e metodiche non-invasive. Lo studio della composizione corporea è il miglior indicatore a lungo termine dello stato nutrizionale della persona poiché riflette la disponibilità pregressa di nutrienti. Queste caratteristiche risultano particolarmente evidenti in una popolazione altamente specifica e ben caratterizzata
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