138 research outputs found
Modeling the heterogeneous ice and gas coma of Comet 103P/Hartley 2
No full textThe spectacular images of Comet 103P/Hartley 2 recorded by the Medium Resolution Instrument (MRI) and High Resolution Instrument (HRI) on board of the Extrasolar Planet Observation and Deep Impact Extended Investigation (EPOXI) spacecraft, as the Deep Impact extended mission, revealed that its bi-lobed very active nucleus outgasses volatiles heterogeneously. Indeed, CO2 is the primary driver of activity by dragging out chunks of pure ice out of the nucleus from the sub-solar lobe that appear to be the main source of water in Hartley 2's coma by sublimating slowly as they go away from the nucleus. However, water vapor is released by direct sublimation of the nucleus at the waist without any significant amount of either CO2 or icy grains. The coma structure for a comet with such areas of diverse chemistry differs from the usual models where gases are produced in a homogeneous way from the surface. We use the fully kinetic Direct Simulation Monte Carlo model of Tenishev et al. (Tenishev, V.M., Combi, M.R., Davidsson, B. [2008]. Astrophys. J. 685, 659-677; Tenishev, V.M., Combi, M.R., Rubin, M. [2011]. Astrophys. J. 732, 104-120) applied to Comet 103P/Hartley 2 including sublimating icy grains to reproduce the observations made by EPOXI and ground-based measurements. A realistic bi-lobed nucleus with a succession of active areas with different chemistry was included in the model enabling us to study in details the coma of Hartley 2. The different gas production rates from each area were found by fitting the spectra computed using a line-by-line non-LTE radiative transfer model to the HRI observations. The presence of icy grains with long lifetimes, which are pushed anti-sunward by radiation pressure, explains the observed OH asymmetry with enhancement on the night side of the coma
Understanding measured water rotational temperatures and column densities in the very innermost coma of Comet 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 B
No full textDirect sublimation of a comet nucleus surface is usually considered to be the main source of gas in the coma of a comet. However, evidence from a number of comets including the recent spectacular images of Comet 103P/Hartley 2 by the EPOXI mission indicates that the nucleus alone may not be responsible for all, or possibly at times even most, of the total amount of gas seen in the coma. Indeed, the sublimation of icy grains, which have been injected into the coma, appears to constitute an important source. We use the fully-kinetic Direct Simulation Monte Carlo model of Tenishev et al. (Tenishev, V.M., Combi, M.R., Davidsson, B. [2008]. Astrophys. J., 685, 659−677; Tenishev, V.M., Combi, M.R., Rubin, M. [2011]. Astrophys. J., 732) to reproduce the measurements of column density and rotational temperature of water in Comet 73P-B/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 obtained with a very high spatial resolution of ∼30 km using IRCS/Subaru in May 2006 (Bonev, B.P., Mumma, M.J., Kawakita, H., Kobayashi, H., Villanueva, G.L. [2008]. Icarus, 196, 241−248). For gas released solely from the cometary nucleus at a heliocentric distance of 1 AU, modeled rotational temperatures start at 110 K close to the surface and decrease to only several tens of degrees by 10–20 nucleus radii. However, the measured decay of both rotational temperature and column density with distance from the nucleus is much slower than predicted by this simple model. The addition of a substantial (distributed) source of gas from icy grains in the model slows the decay in rotational temperature and provides a more gradual drop in column density profiles. Together with a contribution of rotational heating of water molecules by electrons, the combined effects allow a much better match to the IRCS/Subaru observations. From the spatial distributions of water abundance and temperature measured in 73P/SW3-B, we have identified and quantified multiple mechanisms of release. The application of this tool to other comets may permit such studies over a range of heliocentric and geocentric distances
Historie cronologiche dell' origine degl' ordini militari e di tutte le religione caualleresche infino ad hora instituite nel mondo : insegne, croci, stendardi, habiti capitolari ò di ceremonia, statuti, e constituzioni di cadaun'ordine : guerre campali e nauali, azioni, fatti celebri, & imprese de caualieri; confederazioni, trattati, paci, & auuenimenti per difesa del Nome Christiano, e propagazione della fede cattolica : serie di tutti i prencipi gran maestri, ordini di dame, e degl' infedeli &c. con le loro diuise /
No full textSide notes.Paging, v. 1: [20], 432 p. Vol. 2: [2], 433-866 p.Signatures, v. 1: *⁴ 2*⁶ A-3H⁴. Vol. 2: 3I-4Q⁴ 4R⁶ 4S-5O⁴ 5P⁸.Etched frontispiece and port. of Giustiniani by Josef Juster after Giovanni Antonio Lazzari. Five engravings by Isabella Piccini. Large in-text etchings of robes of the orders, one signed with Juster's initials. Woodcuts of arms of the orders within two repeated woodcut borders. Printers' device (La Minerva) on t.p.'s of both vols. Woodcut head- and tail-pieces, some signed D.R. Initials.Previously published in 4to by Combi and La Noù in 1672.Mode of access: Internet.Bound in 2 vols. in vellum. Author, title & vol. no. on spine in gilt. Edges blue
Combi-terminal: Studie naar het toepassen van het combi-terminal concept op een moderne marine terminal
No full textDe kaden bij de marine containerterminals in Noord-Westeuropa hebben een lage bezettingsgraad. De investeringen in de kaden leveren daardoor een laag rendement op. Als oplossing voor dit probleem is het combi-terminal concept naar voren gekomen in de voorgaande studie "Innovatief kade-concept". Bij dit concept worden naast containerschepen ook andere zeeschepen aan de kade behandeld welke een ander produkt aanvoeren. Hiermee zijn de bezettingsgraden te verhogen en het rendement van de kade. Het concept is uitgewerkt voor een containerterminal in de Rotterdamse haven welke in 2007 operationeel moet zijn om de doorgroeiende containerstroom op te vangen. Een dergelijke terminal moet voldoen aan de nieuwste eisen van de gebruiker, met name de containerrederijen. De verwachting is dat deze met 8.000 TEU schepen de belangrijkste lijndiensten gaan onderhouden en eisen dat deze niet langer dan 24 uur in een haven mogen verblijven. Vanuit deze eis volgt de belangrijkste eis aan terminals, een ligplaatsproduktie zien te realiseren van 250 containers per uur. Door per ligplaats 5 twee-kat-kranen in te zetten welke geplaatst zijn op een verhoogde achterkraanbaan kan aan deze eis worden voldaan. Het rendement van een kade neemt dan ook toe doordat er 2,5 keer zoveel containers over de kade gaan in vergelijking met de huidige kaden waar 100 containers per uur per ligplaats over de kade gaan. De terminal moet daarnaast wel investeren in een opslagconcept met een hogere in- en uitslagcapaciteit. Binnen het gekozen concept wordt het rendement verder verhoogd door ook chemie- en olieprodukten over te slaan op de kade. Daarnaast is ook een opslag in de kade geïntegreerd waarin chemie- en/of olieprodukten kunnen worden opgeslagen. Hiermee kunnen ook extra inkomsten per meter kade binnenkomen. Op de Maasvlakte is een opslag in de kade het beste te realiseren door het toepassen van een ontlastconstructie. Deze constructie kan in een open bouwput gebouwd worden als er nog geen activiteiten plaatsvinden op het terminalterrein. De kosten van een dergelijke kade kunnen worden opgebracht door investeringen die gedaan moeten worden voor gelijkwaardige voorzieningen. De overlast voor de containerterminal is minimaal doordat de voorzieningen boven de grond beperkt blijven. Alleen een verhoogd platform met daarop laadarmen voor het behandelen van de tankers staat bovengronds per ligplaats opgesteld. Bij de terminal moet wel een aparte ondiepwaterkade worden aangelegd voor de behandeling van de binnenvaart die niet meer aan de zeekade wordt behandeld. De kadecapaciteit die over is wordt ingezet voor de behandeling van olie- en chemietankers. Nader onderzoek naar de bezetting van de kade en de te verwachten wachttijd en is noodzakelijk om de haalbaarheid met zekerheid vast te stellen. Afhankelijk daarvan kunnen ook de eisen worden vastgesteld die aan de containerschepen en de tankers worden gesteld. Als er dan een bezettingsgraad van 60% valt te realiseren is het concept van de combi-terminal haalbaar, ook op een moderne marine containerterminal.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
A database schema for public-domain medical software
No full textThe quantity of public-domain medical software available is huge, and a classification schema may be therefore helpful. We developed a schema that includes identification data (name of the software, author, etc.), description (hardware and software requirements), classification (software category, application domain, etc.) and evaluation data (external quality and internal quality factors). The schema was tested on the public-domain software available at the SCAMC meetings (about 36 Mb). We also classified the software by employing students from a master course in computer science and medical informatics. We stored the high quantity of information collected in a database we developed using Paradox
Simulation and Evaluation of Solar Thermal Combi Systems with Direct Integration of Solar Heat into the Space Heating Loop
No full textAbstractUsually, solar heat in combi systems is used via a buffer storage. In contrast to that, the solar collectors may be connected directly to the space heating circuit in order to store the heat in the building itself. Such a direct solar integration is investigated within system simulations for different layouts and heating elements. The simulations show significant reductions in the final energy demand as well as an increasing solar yield due to less thermal losses of the storage tank compared to the usual solution with one buffer storage. A prototype of one of the investigated heating concepts within a single family house proofs the functionality of the system concept and the high solar yield, particularly at low radiation levels. Since only a few manufacturers provide such system solutions with a direct solar integration, the results may have an important impact on the future development of combi systems
Comparsion of Palax 600 Combi firewood processor's productivity and operating time dependency due to different length
No full textKäesolevas töös on uuritud halumasina Palax 600 Combi tootlikkust ja tööaega ning selle sõltuvust erinevate halupikkuste valmistamisel. Autor annab ülevaate halumasina üldisest ehitusest; uurib, millised protsessid halumasinaga töötamisel võtavad enim aega erinevate halupikkuste korral; analüüsib saadud andmeid ning tutvustab erinevaid abivahendeid, mis on potentsiaalseteks vahenditeks tootlikkuse suurendamiseks. Lisaks on autori poolt saadud uurimistulemusi võrreldud ka Soomes (Kärha, Jouhiaho 2009) tehtud samalaadse uurimusega.
Töö on valminud autori tehtud katsete ning andmete analüüsi põhjal. Antud teemavaldkonda on Eestis suhteliselt vähe uuritud ning materjal on raskesti kättesaadav. Tööst võivad kasu saada nii eraisikud kui ka ettevõtjad, kes tegelevad küttepuude tootmisega.This study is based on the Palax 600 Combi firewood processor. It focuses on the productivity, work time and their dependance on different firewood length.
The author gives an overview of the construction of the machine; studies which processes take the most time while working; analyzes the collected data and introduces different firewood processor accessories which have the potential to incease the machine's productivity. Additionally, the results of the study are compared to similar studies carried out in Finland (Kärha, Jouhiaho 2009).
The study uses data collected by the author through tests and analysis. The given subject is not thoroughly studied in Estonia and information on it is scarce. The study can benefit private users as well as entrepreneurs in firewood production
Design of the process flow of surcital instrument trays: A case study of oursourcing the sterile instrument trays storage of Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis to Combi-Ster
No full textThe RdGG gets a new building. Due to limited space in the new OR-complex there will be no space to store the sterile surgical instrument trays, as currently is the case. Only a small inventory can be kept in case of emergencies. The RdGG wants to implement a just-in-time delivery system concerning the sterile surgical instrument trays, from their external sterilization company (Combi-Ster). This thesis has designed a new process flow with a demand driven deliveries and has applied a HFMEA to identify the risks.Transport, Infrastructure & LogisticsTransport & LogisticsTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Improved pyrexia-related outcomes associated with an adapted pyrexia adverse event management algorithm in patients treated with adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib: Primary results of COMBI-APlus
No full textBackground: COMBI-AD demonstrated long-term benefit of adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with resected stage III BRAF V600E/K–mutant melanoma; however, 9% of patients permanently discontinued therapy due to pyrexia. COMBI-APlus evaluated whether an adapted pyrexia management algorithm reduces high-grade pyrexia and pyrexia-related adverse outcomes. Methods: COMBI-APlus is an open-label, phase IIIb trial evaluating an adapted pyrexia management algorithm in patients with high-risk resected stage III BRAF V600E/K–mutant melanoma treated with up to 12 months of adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib. Both drugs were interrupted for pyrexia (temperature ≥38°C) or the occurrence of pyrexia syndrome for suspected recurrent pyrexia. Treatment was restarted at the same dose once patients were symptom free for ≥24 h. The primary endpoint was the composite rate of grade 3/4 pyrexia, hospitalisation due to pyrexia, or permanent discontinuation due to pyrexia versus historical COMBI-AD control (20.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.3%–24.1%). Results: At data cutoff (5 October 2020), COMBI-APlus met its primary endpoint of significant improvement in the composite rate of pyrexia (8.0% [95% CI, 5.9%–10.6%]), with rates of 3.8% for grade 3/4 pyrexia, 4.3% for hospitalisation due to pyrexia, and 2.4% for discontinuation due to pyrexia. Estimated 12-month relapse-free survival was 91.8% (95% CI, 89.0%–93.9%). The most common adverse events were consistent with those in COMBI-AD, and 14.7% of patients permanently discontinued treatment due to adverse events. Conclusions: The adapted pyrexia management algorithm appears to reduce the incidence of severe pyrexia outcomes, enables patients to manage pyrexia at home, and helps patients remain on treatment. Clinical trial registration: NCT03551626. © 2021 The Author
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