169 research outputs found
Si<sub>0.64</sub>Ge<sub>0.36</sub>/Si heterojunction MOSFETS: design and evaluation
No full textIncorporation of pseudomorphic SiGe layers into Si CMOS has prospects of improving the hole channel mobility to match that of the bulk silicon electron channel. Current 0.25 µm MOS technologies require sheet densities around 1013 cm-2. this requires a Si capping layer thickness of ~ 2nm between the Si0.64Ge0.36 channel and the gate oxide
Enhanced velocity overshoot and transconductance in Si/Si(0.64)Ge(0.36)/Si pMOSFETs - predictions for deep submicron devices
No full textNo abstract avaliable
Freezing orders; the difficulties introduced by the decision in Prest v Petrodel Resources Limited
No full textSimon Ducan, of Moon Beever Solicitors, looks at the way the judgment in Prest v Petrodel Resources Limited [2013] UKSC 34 has received much scrutiny and made reliance on standard form freezing order precedents problematic where the defendant controls various companies that hold the assets that the claimant seeks to freeze. The author suggests that it has served as a reminder that the court will respect and preserve the corporate veil except in very limited circumstances now narrowly defined in the “evasion” principle
Si<sub>0.64</sub> Ge<sub>0.36</sub>/Si Heterojunction MOSFETs: design, fabrication and evaluation
No full textIncorporation of pseudomorphic SiGe layers into Si CMOS has prospects of improving the hole channel mobility to match that of the bulk silicon electron channel. Current 0.25 µm MOS technologies require sheet densities around 1013 cm-2. This requires a Si capping layer thickness of ~ 2nm between the Si0.64 Ge0.36 channel and the gate oxide
Tuning of a superconducting microwave resonator at 77 K using an integrated micromachined silicon vertical actuator
No full textA silicon micromachined actuator is used to tune a high temperature superconducting microwave resonator. The superconducting resonator is only 1.24 mm x 0.66 mm and demonstrates a Q of up to 1078 at 6.3 GHz and at 77 K. A tuning range of 12% is demonstrated with a maximum applied voltage of 40 V. The frequency of the resonator is controlled by the proximity of a silicon tuning probe. The room temperature resistivity of the silicon is measured to be 20 Omega cm; this value drops as the device is cooled, but remains the limiting factor in the quality factor of the device. This proof of principle experiment demonstrates the application of silicon micromachining for tuning of superconducting microwave circuits, which is achieved despite the difficulties presented by differing material properties and thermal constraints when cooling to 77 K
Biological stability in drinking water distribution systems: A novel approach for systematic microbial water quality monitoring
No full textChallenges to achieve biological stability in drinking water distribution systems Drinking water is distributed from the treatment facility to consumers through extended man-made piping systems. The World Health Organization drinking water guidelines (2006) stated that “Water entering the distribution system must be microbiologically safe and ideally should also be biologically stable”. The biological stability criterion refers to maintaining the microbial drinking water quality in time and distance from the point of drinking water production up to the point of consumption. However, uncontrolled growth of indigenous bacteria during water transport can result in the deterioration of aesthetic aspects of water, such as taste, colour, and odour, in exceeding of guideline values, and/or in technical problems. Controlling bacterial growth in piping systems and premise plumbings is very challenging (Chapter 2), and changes in drinking water microbial characteristics are often measured in networks distributing water with or without residual disinfectant such as chlorine, monochloramine or chlorine dioxide. In the Netherlands, drinking water is distributed without detectable residual disinfectant. Quantitative and qualitative knowledge on the indigenous bacterial communities and microbiological processes taking place during drinking water distribution is limited and in-depth investigations are required. New opportunities with novel analytical methods One reason for the lack of knowledge on bacterial growth controlling factors in drinking water distribution systems is that methods for characterizing drinking water bacterial communities are still relying heavily on culture-based techniques such as plate counts, developed more than 130 years ago. The conventional cultivation-based methods have major limitations: only a minute fraction (<0.1 %) of drinking water bacteria is detected, which is not representative of the drinking water bacterial community, and results are obtained only after a minimum of two days. During the last decade, new cultivation-independent techniques have emerged for the characterization of water bacterial communities. Among them, flow cytometry (FCM) enables the rapid detection and counting of all bacterial cells in water (within 15 minutes), and provides information on bacterial cell properties such as viability. Besides, high-throughput sequencing methods (e.g. 454-pyrosequencing or Illumina) enable characterization of the total bacterial community composition and structure at various taxonomic levels. FCM and high-throughput sequencing methods offer new perspectives for better and faster water microbiology monitoring and for increased understanding of the complex bacterial dynamics occurring during drinking water distribution up to the point of consumption (Chapter 2). Method development The primary goal of this study was to develop a methodological approach, based on advanced analytical methods, for the assessment of biological stability in drinking water distribution systems. A standardized, rapid and simple FCM method was shown to be highly reproducible and sensitive for total and intact bacterial cell enumeration. Changes in bacterial community characteristics could be detected based on bacterial cell concentrations and FCM fluorescence fingerprints, which are characteristic of each water sample (Chapter 3). Changes in fluorescence fingerprints were proven to be a rapid indication for changes in bacterial community composition, by comparing FCM and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing data obtained from the same drinking water samples. Combining the two methods enabled both quantitative and qualitative characterization of water bacterial communities (Chapter 4). An integrated approach was proposed for the assessment of bacterial growth-controlling factors in drinking water and for the evaluation of the impact of full-scale distribution conditions on bacterial growth extent. The approach combines (i) characterization of autochthonous bacterial communities in water samples collected at several locations in full-scale drinking water distribution systems, using FCM and high-throughput sequencing methods, (ii) comparison of changes in bacterial abundance recorded during water distribution and during controlled laboratory bacterial growth tests, and (iii) stepwise assessment of bacterial growth limitations in drinking water using straightforward bacterial growth potential tests (Chapter 5). Application of developed methodological approach to a full-scale drinking water system The developed methodological approach was applied to a Dutch full-scale drinking water treatment and distribution system operated without detectable disinfectant residual. Spatial and temporal variations were studied on short-term (hour, day, week) and long-term (seasonal) time-scales, and bacterial growth-limiting factors were investigated. Bacterial growth in the produced drinking water was limited both by organic carbon and inorganic nutrients (Chapter 5). Large seasonal variations in bacterial cell concentrations were recorded at the treatment effluent, which were congruent with water temperature fluctuations. Changes in bacterial community characteristics in the distribution system were minor compared to temporal variations in the treatment effluent (Chapter 6). However, all studies univocally showed that changes in bacterial community abundance, viability and/or community composition occurred during water distribution in the well-maintained network (Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7). Changes were not detected with conventional bacterial detection methods. In-depth analysis of bacterial community composition in water samples, using pyrosequencing, showed that the core bacterial community did not change during water distribution, whereas high dynamicity was found in rare taxa (Chapter 7). Different bacterial cell concentrations were measured in the full-scale system and after incubation of the same water under controlled conditions, highlighting the effect of distribution conditions (e.g. temperature, pipe material, residence time) on drinking water microbial quality (Chapter 5). The results suggest that the extent of bacterial growth at one specifically studied location in the distribution system was not determined by the concentration of assimilable organic carbon in the treatment effluent. Likely not only one single parameter can be considered as controlling factor of microbial growth in drinking water distribution systems (Chapter 6). Recommendations From these observations, it is recommended to study microbial dynamics in drinking water distribution systems using a combination of controlled laboratory growth potential tests and in-situ characterization of the drinking water bacterial communities in the distribution network, which includes both spatial and temporal investigations. Applying such an approach to individual systems would provide better understanding of microbial dynamics during drinking water production and distribution, enabling (i) rapid and sensitive drinking water monitoring, (ii) effective corrective and maintenance actions and (iii) funded decisions for the optimization of water treatment production and/or distribution conditions to control bacterial growth in drinking water distribution systems. In this regard, the recent emergence of on-line flow cytometers will promote flow cytometry as an ideal monitoring method, for the rapid detection of system failure and targeted maintenance management.BiotechnologyApplied Science
Finch, Sir Henry (c.1558–1625), author and lawyer
No full text© Oxford University Press 2004–8Wilfrid Pres
Blackstone and bibliography: In memoriam Morris Cohen
No full textThis paper tells the story of a triangular relationship that linked an Australian academic; the late Morris L. Cohen, librarian of Yale Law School; and Sir William Blackstone, author of Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765–1769).Wilfrid Presthttp://www.aallnet.org/main-menu/Publications/ll
Listening with ‘Big Ears’: Accountability in cross-cultural music education research with Indigenous partners
No full textIn this theoretical article, I examine various conceptions of focused listening—including those held
by specific First Nations communities—to determine how each conception might offer insights for
listening while conducting cross-cultural music education research. First, I discuss the notion of
“Big Ears,” as it is understood by the jazz community. Then, I turn to scholars from various First
Nations in British Columbia to learn about their conceptions of listening. I outline decolonial
listening strategies as proposed by Indigenous Arts scholar Dylan Robinson, before learning about
the role of listening from a settler-Canadian who formally Witnessed the testimonies of Indigenous
residential school survivors over a period of years while working for the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission of Canada. I examine the writings of music education researchers who have proposed
listening as an important strategy in cross-cultural/intercultural pedagogy and research, albeit in
different circumstances and for different reasons. Finally, I describe/reflect on my process of learning
to listen cross-culturally as a settler-Canadian music education researcher engaged in communitybased
participatory research (CBPR) over the course of three studies, and list some of the ongoing
questions I have. I conclude by proposing a revised understanding of Listening with “Big Ears” as one
possible way for non-Indigenous researchers using a CBPR approach to enhance their application
of Indigenist research methodology, especially in demonstrating their accountability to Indigenous
co-researchers, participants, and communities, as they engage collaboratively in music education
research.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication
of this article. This research has been supported by the Social Sciences and Humanitites Research
Council of Canada’s Insight Development Grant [File No: 430-2016-00034], Partnership Engage Grant
[File No: 892-2018-2026], and Partnership Development Grant [File No: 890-2019-0001]FacultyReviewe
The Atlanta Inquirer, April 22, 1961
No full textThe front page of The Atlanta Inquirer is dated April 22nd, 1961. The newspaper issue features seven front-page articles:: "Attorney General Tells Inquirer: SIT-INS NOT BAR TO FEDERAL JOBS," "Pool Creek Pigeonholed Again," "Transit Co. Preps Negro Drivers," "Negro Lawyers To Hear Sec. of State Rusk At Biltmore," "Symposium At Clark College Honors Faculty Author," "Lockheed Council Reports Job Forms Pouring In," and "Poole Creek Civic League Prest Ousted." 1 page
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