58 research outputs found
Autoantibody-mediated bowel and bladder dysfunction in a patient with chronic, nondiabetic neuropathy
No full textPhysiological techniques can be used to detect novel autoantibodies causing alteration of autonomic function after passive transfer to mice. Previously, such antibodies have been detected in patients with type I diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and Sjogren's syndrome. We now describe a patient with an idiopathic nondiabetic neuropathy with prominent autonomic symptoms, including bladder and bowel dysfunction. Physiological assays of whole colon and bladder were used to determine the presence in the patient serum of functional autoantibodies capable of mediating autonomic dysfunction. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from this patient was able to disrupt bladder and bowel function on passive transfer to mice. This is a new pattern of autoantibody-mediated abnormality. Although the target antigen is unknown, it is likely to be a cell-surface receptor or ion channel. This case highlights the usefulness of passive transfer studies in detecting functional antibodies in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 200
Bipolar disorder
No full textBipolar disorder is a serious disorder of mood that is associated with considerable psychosocial and economic morbidity. Even though it is more common than previously thought, it has until relatively recently been somewhat neglected in terms of research when compared to disorders such as schizophrenia and major depression. Recent advances in the fields of nosology, epidemiology, and molecular genetics in particular have begun to unravel some of the complexity of this disorder and the next few years are likely to witness substantial changes to the ways in which the broad spectrum of bipolar disorders is diagnosed and managed
The emergence of the age variable in 19th-century neurology: considerations of recovery patterns in acquired childhood aphasia
No full textIn the 19th century, descriptions of patients with disorders of higher cerebral functions were typically presented in a mixed series of children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. There was no indication in the analysis or interpretation that age was thought to play a role in the signs or symptoms displayed, or in the prognosis. The role of age in the manifestation of language disorders only became explicit in the late 19th century in the elaboration of ideas regarding perinatal illnesses, developmental difficulties, and the emerging clinical category of “cerebral palsy” as evinced in the work of Bastian, Osler, Sachs and Peterson, and Freud. Their patient series studies afforded the opportunity to identify relations between age at symptom onset and patterns of language acquisition and impairment. These analyses contributed directly to the elaboration of hypotheses regarding localization of function, hemispheric specialization, and patterns of recovery. The factor of “age at symptom onset” would steadily assume even greater theoretical importance, as explanations of patterns of symptom co-occurrence, etiology, and prognosis were elaborated through the increasing appreciation of a developmental/maturational perspective
American Bible Society in the Second Half of the 19th Century in China: Retracing Steps of the Russian Colporteur Johan Aminoff
No full textThe article was submitted on 29.03.2018.В 2017 году было предпринято исследование, посвященное жизни русских путешественников и резидентов на Тайване в ХIХ веке. Особый интерес вызвала фигура Йохана Аминова – русского подданного, жившего на Формозе более 25 лет и умершего там в 1918 году. Выяснилось, что до переезда на остров Аминов много лет жил в Китае, где работал в Американском библейском обществе (АБО). Он был разносчиком книг, торговцем христианской литературой, и в этом качестве побывал во многих местах Цинской империи. Фрагменты его донесений о работе и жизни вошли в ежегодники АБО. Материалы содержат массу интересных свидетельств о деятельности Американского библейского общества и протестантских миссионеров в Китае в ХIХ веке. Как Общество могло распространять сотни тысяч христианских книг в год усилиями всего лишь нескольких десятков миссионеров и торговцев? В чем заключалась торговая стратегия АБО, принесшая ему такой большой успех? Кем были эти бродячие иностранные торговцы Библией? И почему разносчиком Американского библейского общества стал русский подданный Й. Аминов? На эти и другие вопросы автор попытался ответить в этой статье.In 2017, the author of this article was engaged in research on the Russian travelers and residents in Taiwan in the 19th century. In particular, a great interest was caused by the figure of a Russian citizen Johan Aminoff, who lived on Formosa for more than 25 years and died there in 1918. Before moving to the island, Aminov lived for many years in China, where he worked in the American Bible Society (ABS). He was a colporteur, a Bible salesman, and visited many places in the Qing Empire. Fragments of his reports about his work and life in China were included in the ABS annual reports. These books contain a lot of interesting information about the American Bible Society and Protestant missionaries in China in the 19th century. How did it happen that the Society could distribute hundreds of thousands of Christian books a year with the efforts of just a few dozen missionaries and salesmen? What was the trading strategy of ABS and why was it so successful? Who were these foreign colportuers? And why did the Russian citizen J. Aminoff work in American Bible Society? The author tried to answer these and other questions in this article
Electrochemical discharge of Li-ion batteries - A methodology to evaluate the potential of discharge electrolytes without corrosion
No full textFunding Information: The author would like to acknowledge the work of Aurelia Aminoff for conducting ammonia-based experiments with a potentiostat and Arpad Toldy for language editing. The work was funded by the Academy of Finland with two separated project: Hyper-sphere ( 341629 ) and Profiling funding 5 for Energy Storage ( 326346) . Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The AuthorsThe demand for Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is expected to increase exponentially due to the electrification of society. Thus, recycling LIBs will be essential to support this activity and ensure the availability of the limited raw material. End-of-life batteries entering the recycling process may still contain energy, representing a safety risk for processing. The energy can be drained in an electrochemical discharge before mechanical crushing, and it has been proposed that an aqueous NaCl solution would be suitable media. The field has lacked an accurate tool to evaluate the suitability of an electrolyte for LIB discharge. In this work, we intoduce two methods: external and internal electrochemical discharge. We also validate the methodology selection with ammonia-based electrolytes and provide a corrosion-free evaluation of the role of NaCl as an electrochemical discharge medium. The new methodology results confirmed that the batteries could be discharged to low voltage levels in NaCl electrolytes. Still, this electrolyte is highly corrosive, preventing the recovery of active materials in high purity. Thus, with the new methodology, finding alternative salt solutions that provide an efficient and non-corrosive discharge environment will be fast.Peer reviewe
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