115 research outputs found
Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis affects the structure and activity of enteric nervous system in mouse small bowel during adolescence
No full textA épica da pobreza: mulheres imigrantes
No full textBetween the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries the Italian emigration to the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul was predominantly familiar and included in the system of small peasant properties planned by the local government. Historiography has ignored for decades the role of immigrant women in this context and the author of this essay was among the first scholars to get them out of the shadows. Summarizing part of the results of two extensive research, Loraine Slomp Giron follows here the paths of women who, by becoming owners or small businesswomen, have left traces of themselves in the archives and in memory. Stories of women highlighting the creative adaptation to a situation of double marginality, social and gender-based, in the daily struggle against poverty
Management strenghening of development areas in student community: creation of the promoter group at san juan bosco college in giron *
No full textLa educación además de transmitir masiva y eficazmente un cúmulo de conocimientos teóricos y técnicos, implica un desarrollo personal en la medida que el individuo se prepara para la vida en sus diversos ámbitos. Basados en lo anterior, el presente trabajo utiliza como lineamiento teórico inicial la Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas propuesta por Maslow, quien las categoriza en cinco grandes grupos: Auto-superación, reconocimiento, sociales, seguridad y fisiológicas; a Max Neef quien hace una distinción entre necesidades, satisfactores y bienes económicos y como última referencia teórica se cita al autor Jerónimo de Moragas para describir algunos apartes del desarrollo humano vistos a través de las etapas del ser humano. Cada uno de los capítulos de este documento muestra la coherencia entre las etapas desarrolladas en el colegio San Juan Bosco de Girón, en las que se encuentran: conceptualización, contextualización, caracterización del colegio San Juan Bosco de Girón y del proceso desarrollado en dicha institución educativa. Concluyendo con una propuesta de intervención profesional denominada fortalecimiento de la gestión de las áreas de desarrollo de la comunidad estudiantil: creación del grupo gestor del colegio San Juan Bosco de Girón; y finalizando en la importancia de planear, coordinar, ejecutar y evaluar proyectos que propendan por el desarrollo integral de la comunidad bosquesina la cual fue sujeto de la intervención profesional de Trabajo Social.PregradoTrabajador SocialEducation, in addition to transmit massively and effectively a myriad of conceptual and technical knowledge, involves the personal development as an individual gets his/her preparation the several aspects of life. Based on it, this work uses as an initial and conceptual guideline the Theory of Human necessities proposed by Maslow, who ranks it in 5 major groups: auto-improvement, acknowledgment, social, security and physiological necessities; this work also takes into account the concept of Max Neef who makes a distinction between necessities, satisfyers and economical goods and as a last conceptual reference, the author Jerónimo de Moragas is quoted for describing some parts of human development seen through the phases of human being. Each chapter of this paper shows the coherence of the phases developed at San Juan Bosco in Giron, among them: Conceptualization, contextualization, characterization of San Juan Bosco College in Giron, and the process developed in such educational institution. We conclude with a proposal of professional intervention called strengthening of the management of the development areas in the student community: creation of the promoter group of San Juan Bosco College in Giron; finally, we stress on the importance of planning, coordinating, performing, evaluating the projects that promotes the integral development for the forrest community which was subjected to the professional intervention of social work
Cyclic AMP in rat ileum: evidence for the presence of an extracellular cyclic AMP-adenosine pathway
No full textExtracellular adenosine plays a relevant role in regulating intestinal motility and preventing inflammatory processes. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) extruded from cells may be converted to adenosine monophosphate and then to adenosine by ecto-phosphodiesterase and CD73/ecto-5'nucleotidase, respectively, thus representing a source of adenosine. Our purpose was to assess the existence of a functional extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway in intestinal tissue, obtaining evidence for CD73 expression and evaluating the effect of cAMP on ileum motility.
METHODS:
The formation of cAMP metabolites in rat ileum strips incubated with exogenous cAMP or [(3)H]cAMP was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography. CD73 was detected by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. The functional activity of exogenous cAMP on ileum strips was recorded by measuring tension changes.
RESULTS:
In ileum strips, the generation of cAMP-derived adenosine monophosphate, adenosine, and inosine was time and concentration dependent and was blocked by phosphodiesterase or CD73 inhibitors in a manner consistent with exogenous cAMP being processed through the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway. Accordingly, [(3)H]cAMP uptake in ileum strips was negligible. Immunofluorescence revealed CD73 surface expression on intestinal smooth muscle cells and intact smooth muscle. Exogenous cAMP concentration-dependently increased ileum muscle tension partially inhibited by adenosine inactivation or receptor blockade. Forskolin-stimulated endogenous cAMP induced concentration-dependent ileum relaxations.
CONCLUSIONS:
A functioning extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway featuring CD73 expression is present in rat ileum and affects intestinal motility. Extracellular cAMP may therefore act on intestinal muscle both directly by binding to specific smooth muscle cell membrane sites and indirectly through its degradation product
Control of enteric neuromuscular functions by purinergic P2X7 receptors in normal rat distal colon and experimental bowel inflammation
No full textIntroduction: Purinergic signalling plays a pivotal role in the physiological regulation of several enteric functions, as well
as in the modulation of immune/inflammatory cell activity. Recent evidence has shown an active involvement of the
purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in the fine tuning of immune functions, as well as its critical role in driving enteric
neuron apoptosis under intestinal inflammation. However, the participation of this receptor pathway in the regulation of
enteric neuromuscular functions remains undetermined.
Aims: This study investigated the role of P2X7Rs in the control of colonic motility, both under normal conditions and in
the presence of experimental colitis.
Methods: Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) in adult male
Sprague-Dawley rats. Six days after colitis induction, colonic longitudinal muscle strips (LMS), obtained from normal or
inflamed rats, were suspended in organ baths, containing Krebs solution additioned with NK 1, 2 and 3 receptor
antagonists, and connected to isometric transducers to record atropine-sensitive cholinergic motor activity. The effects of
A804598 (selective P2X7R antagonist; 0.001-100 μM) and BzATP (selective P2X7R agonist; 0.001-10 μM) were tested on
contractions evoked by electrical stimulation (ES: 0.5 ms, 28 V, 10 Hz), delivered as single train (sES) or repeated every
60 s (rES), or by carbachol (1 μM) in the presence of tetrodotoxin.
Results: In normal LMS, A804598 induced a negligible enhancing effect on sES-induced contractions (+7.8±3.5% at 0.1
μM), while a significant increase in the contractile responses elicited by sES was recorded in LMS from inflamed animals
(+42.5±3.9% at 0.1 μM). Incubation of LMS with the adrenergic blocker guanethidine (10 μM) did not affect the
enhancing effect exerted by A804598 in the presence of colitis. Upon incubation with Nw-propyl-L-arginine (NPA,
inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase), which per se increased the sES-induced contractions in both normal and
inflamed LMS preparations (+15.1±5.5% in normal and +143.5±9.5% in inflamed animals), the A804598 effects were lost.
The pharmacological activation of P2X7Rs with BzATP did not significantly affect the contractions to rES in normal LMS
(Emax= -10.2±1.9%), while a marked reduction was recorded in LMS from animals with colitis (Emax= -30.5±2.2%). The
inhibitory effect of BzATP was antagonized by A804598, and it was also markedly blunted by NPA. Both P2X7R ligands
did not affect carbachol-induced contractions.
Conclusions: The purinergic system contributes to functional neuromuscular changes associated with bowel inflammation
through the involvement of P2X7Rs, which modulate the activity of excitatory cholinergic nerves via a facilitatory control
on inhibitory nitrergic pathways
Ethnographic Narrative Project (Resilience, Love and Equity: First Year Teaching Vol.1 )
No full textThis paper focuses on an educator’s journey during their first year of teaching as they strive to enact social justice core beliefs. The author shares their background, uncovers biases as a result of reflecting on their teaching practice and how they meet their program’s social justice competencies. The paper also relies on case studies of three students with different needs: a student who is linguistically diverse, a student with special needs, and a student who has experienced significant life events, to enact equitable education for all students. This paper highlights the importance of relationships, getting to know students as individuals, and appreciation for their communities as a means to dismantle oppressive education systems
Room geometry estimation from stereo recordings using neural networks
No full textAcoustic room geometry estimation is often performed in ad hoc settings, i.e., using multiple microphones and sources distributed around the room, or assuming control over the excitation signals. To facilitate practical applications, we propose a fully convolutional network (FCN) that localizes reflective surfaces under the relaxed assumptions that (i) a compact array of only two microphones is available, (ii) emitter and receivers are not synchronized, and (iii), both the excitation signals and the impulse responses of the enclosures are unknown.Our FCN is designed to extract spectral and temporal patterns from stereo recordings, aggregate the temporal information over time-frames, and predict the likelihood of virtual sources corresponding to reflective surfaces at specific locations. Whereas most source localization algorithms are limited to direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, the proposed method jointly estimates distances and DOAs. Numerical experiments confirm that the network is able to generalize to mismatched microphone array sizes, sensor directivity patterns, or audio signal types, while highlighting front-back ambiguity as a prominent source of uncertainty. When a single reflective surface is present, up to 80% of the sources are detected, while this figure approaches 50% in rectangular rooms.Further tests on real-world recordings report similar accuracy as with artificially reverberated speech signals, validating the generalization capabilities of the framework.Electrical Engineering | Circuits and System
Involvement of catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in the modulation of enteric neuromotor function: implication in functional gastrointestinal disorders
No full text- …
