11 research outputs found
Globalisation and Neo-liberal Economic Reforms in India: A Critical Review
No full textThe objective of this study is to analyse the impact of neo-liberal economic reforms also known as ‘pro-market’ reforms in India. It is widely believed that India’s growth acceleration has taken place mainly due to changes in the government’s attitudes towards business and export orientation rather than earlier domestic policies. This paper shows that the turnaround growth took place in the early 1980s rather than the early 1990s as portrayed by international financial institutions and media. We find the current discussions overlook other aspects such as inter-sectoral and inter-regional imbalances. The importance of the manufacturing sector is not properly examined, which could play an important role in creating jobs, and its crucial role in employment generation is being underplayed.
This research presents the broad macro parameters of the growth of the Indian economy in both periods, i.e. pre and post reforms period, and also very briefly comparison is made with the colonial period, however, simply looking at the economic growth figures might be misleading. Therefore, we decided to analyse other variables, such as inter-regional and inter-sectoral changes and also look at the issue of poverty during pre and post-reform periods. The author critically examines the issues of foreign direct investment, particularly during the neo-liberal period in India, also focusing on cross region evaluation, drawing out the patterns discernible from available data. The study provides an overview of the on-going debate on the components of Indian-growth and the relative importance of government policies. The study has questioned some assertions concerning neoliberal reforms and growth in India in particular the argument that poverty has been reduced, is problematic
Luminescence and non-linear optics in Langmuir-Blodgett films of rare earth containing molecular complexes
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN023570 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Electroluminescence from dysprosium- and neodymium-containing LB films
No full textIn this paper we report on electroluminescence from Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of two navel molecular complexes originally developed for non-linear optics applications containing neodymium and dysprosium trivalent rare earth ions. The two molecular complexes have a structure which consists of a donor pi-pi* conjugated cation ionically coupled to a complex anion consisting of a trivalent rare earth ion surrounded by four singly charged pyrazolone ligands. The two materials are identical apart from the presence of either dysprosium or neodymium ions at the centre of the complex anions. LB films of the complexes produced on glass/indium tin oxide substrates produce broad electroluminescence in the visible region of the spectrum which is considerably red-shifted relative to their photoluminescence. The electroluminescent devices prepared operate in vacuo and at room temperature. The characteristic emissions associated with the rare earth ions themselves, observed as a result of photoexcitation, cannot be excited electrically.Materials Science, MultidisciplinaryMaterials Science, Coatings & FilmsPhysics, AppliedPhysics, Condensed MatterSCI(E)
Correction of hallux abducto valgus by scarf osteotomy. A ten-year retrospective multicentre review of patient reported outcomes shows high satisfaction rates with podiatric surgery
No full text© The Author(s). 2022 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,
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The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the
data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.BACKGROUNDCorrective surgery for hallux abducto valgus is one of the most performed elective procedures in foot and ankle practice. Numerous methods of surgical correction have been reported within the literature, with varying clinical and patient reported outcomes. This study reviews the patient experience and outcomes in five podiatric surgery centres using the scarf diaphyseal osteotomy.METHODPatient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were captured using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire 10 (PSQ-10), part of the PASCOM-10 podiatric surgery audit tool. PROMs were collated across five hospital sites over a 10-year period.RESULTSOf 1351 patients reported during the period, 1189 had complete retrospective data. The most common patient aim of surgery was 'no/less pain' reported in 70% of patients. 96.8% of patients reported their original foot complaint as 'better' or 'much better' after surgery. 92.8% of patients reported their expectations had been met with 96.6% reporting they would have surgery again under the same conditions. 98.5% of patients noted that the risks, complications, and expectations had been discussed prior to surgery. The most common complication was metatarsal fracture (4.6%).CONCLUSIONThe scarf osteotomy (with or without an Akin phalangeal osteotomy) consistently showed high patient satisfaction with low complication rates using PSQ-10 and this information can be used as part of the pre-operative consenting process. Patient expectations for surgery were often achieved, which may be attributed to the pre-operative work up of the patient. Further investigation into this correlation is suggested.LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCEIV (retrospective review).https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-022-00546-
Design and performance of ropes for climbing and sailing
No full textRopes are an important part of the equipment used by climbers, mountaineers, and sailors. On first inspection, most modern polymer ropes appear similar, and it might be assumed that their designs, construction, and properties are governed by the same requirements. In reality, the properties required of climbing ropes are dominated by the requirement that they effectively absorb and dissipate the energy of the falling climber, in a manner that it does not transmit more than a critical amount of force to his body. This requirement is met by the use of ropes with relatively low longitudinal stiffness. In contrast, most sailing ropes require high stiffness values to maximize their effectiveness and enable sailors to control sails and equipment precisely. These conflicting requirements led to the use of different classes of materials and different construction methods for the two sports. This paper reviews in detail the use of ropes, the properties required, manufacturing techniques and materials utilized, and the effect of service conditions on the performance of ropes. A survey of research that has been carried out in the field reveals what progress has been made in the development of these essential components and identifies where further work may yield benefits in the future
Photoluminescence study of Langmuir-Blodgett films of a hemicyanine molecular complex containing Yb3+
No full textWe report on the preparation and optical properties of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of a ytterbium-containing molecular complex. The complex consists of a D-pi-A conjugated hemicyanine cation ionically coupled to a negatively charged molecular complex. The complex comprises of four negatively charged pyrazolone ligands bonded to Yb3+. Photo-excitation of the LB films directly into the visible pi-pi* absorption band of the hemicyanine produces photoluminescence in the visible and near infra-red regions. Visible photoluminescence is red-shifted from the hemicyanine absorption and peaks at 600 nm. The infra-red emission is characteristic of the F-2(5/2)-F-2(7/2) transition of ytterbium, peaking in the 1 mu m region with a radiative lifetime of 40 mu s. The effect of surface deposition pressure upon both visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra is reported. Films deposited in two different phases of the pressure/surface area isotherm show no significant differences in infra-red spectral features at a resolution of 2 nm. This indicates that the local micro-environment surrounding the Yb3+ ion remains unaltered. A likely mechanism responsible for the indirect energy transfer from hemicyanine to Yb3+ ion is proposed here. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Chemistry, MultidisciplinaryMaterials Science, MultidisciplinaryMultidisciplinary SciencesSCI(E)CPCI-S(ISTP)
Organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on Langmuir-Blodgett films containing rare-earth complexes
No full textIn this paper we report the construction of an organic light-emitting diode (LED) containing a rare-earth molecular complex that was deposited as a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film. The complex is a donor-conjugated pi-electron system acceptor (D-pi-A) molecular cation coupled to a monovalent anion containing a trivalent rare-earth (Nd3+) cation surrounded by four organic singly charged anionic ligands. Devices were fabricated by LB deposition of multilayer films onto an indium-tin oxide (ITO)-coated glas1s substrate on top of which aluminium was evaporated to form the diode structure. Such devices are found to electroluminesce when subjected to a forward bias of a few volts. We present here the electrical and optical characteristics of the device.Materials Science, MultidisciplinaryPhysics, Condensed MatterPolymer ScienceSCI(E)1
Methods of measuring residual stresses in components
No full textResidual stresses occur in many manufactured structures and components. Large number of investigations have been carried out to study this phenomenon and its effect on the mechanical characteristics of these components.
Over the years, different methods have been developed to measure residual stress for different types of components in order to obtain reliable assessment. The various specific methods have evolved over several decades and their practical applications have greatly benefited from the development of complementary technologies, notably in material cutting, full-field deformation measurement techniques, numerical methods and computing power. These complementary technologies have stimulated advances not only in measurement accuracy and reliability, but also in range of application; much greater detail in residual stresses measurement is now available. This paper aims to classify the different residual stresses measurement methods and to provide an overview of some of the recent advances in this area to help researchers on selecting their techniques among destructive, semi destructive and non destructive techniques depends on their application and the availabilities of those techniques. For each method scope, physical limitation, advantages and disadvantages are summarized. In the end this paper indicates some promising directions for future developments
Consolidation of WC-Co nanocomposites synthesised by mechanical alloying
No full textA thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyThe influence of mechanical alloying (MA) milling time, temperature, sintering method and microstructure on the mechanical properties of a tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) hardmetal, based on 10wt% Co, has been established. The effects of high-energy milling for 30, 60, 180 and 300 min and the interrelation between milling time and powder properties, and the resultant effects on the mechanical properties of the consolidated WC-10Co material, has been obtained for a horizontally designed ball mill. Nanostructured WC-10Co powder was synthesised after 60 min cyclic milling at room temperature with an average WC domain size of 21 nm. In direct comparison, a WC-10Co composition MA at -30°C for 60 min produced an average WC domain size of 26 nm with a higher lattice strain. WC domain size showed a slight increase with milling time, measured at 27 nm after 300 min ball milling. Extended ball milling (300 min) reduced the mean particle size from 0.148 μm for 60 min milling to 0.117 μm. Thermal analysis showed that the onset temperature of the WC-Co eutectic was related to particle size with increased milling time reducing the onset temperature from 1344°C after 60 min milling to 1312°C after 300 min milling. Onset temperature was further reduced by the addition of vanadium carbide (VC), reducing the onset temperature to 1283°C after 300 min milling. Powder contamination increased with increased milling time with Fe content measured at ~ 3wt% after 300 min ball milling. Milling at -30°C reduced Fe contamination to an almost undetectable level. Increased ball milling time resulted in decreased levels of green density with the powders milled for 30 and 300 min achieving 62.5% and 59.5% TD, respectively. Relative density increased for the powder milled at -30°C compared to the RT milled powder due to its flattened, slightly rounded morphology. A large difference in VC starting particle size compared to WC and Co led to non-uniform dispersion of the inhibitor during milling. Densification and hardness reached optimum levels for the 60 min milled powder for both pressureless sintering and sinter-HIP. Both properties decreased with increased milling time, regardless of the sintering method. Low temperature milling resulted in a higher hardness value of 1390 HV30 compared to 1326 HV30 for the 60 min, RT milled material after pressureless sintering. Densification levels of the doped materials were restricted to < 90% TD for both sintering methods due to inhomogeneity in the microstructures. Palmqvist fracture toughness (WK) of the RT milled powders increased with increased milling time and increasing WC grain size for both sintering methods. WK reached 11.6 MN.m3/2 with 300 min milling after pressureless sintering but reached 16.1 MN.m32 for the same material after sinter-HIP due to the effect of mean WC grain size and binder phase mean free path. The -30°C milled powder exhibited higher fracture toughness for both sintering methods than the 60 min, RT milled material. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) showed that the onset of densification was dependent upon particle size with the powder from 300 min milling showing an onset temperature of ~ 800°C compared to ~ 1000°C for the 60 min milled powder. The low temperature milled powder showed an onset temperature of ~ 980°C, which suggested that low temperature milling provided enhanced densification kinetics
