69 research outputs found
The year in cardiology 2014: Peripheral circulation
No full textIn 2014, the debate on the indication of revascularization in case of asymptomatic carotid disease continued, while another one regarding the use of surgery vs. stenting addressed some new issues regarding the long-term cardiac risk of these patients. Renal arteries interventions trials were disappointing, as neither renal denervation nor renal artery stenting was found associated with better blood pressure management or outcome. In contrast, in lower-extremities artery disease, the endovascular techniques represent in 2014 major alternatives to surgery, even in distal arteries, with new insights regarding the interest of drug-eluting balloons. Regarding the aorta, the ESC published its first guidelines document on the entire vessel, emphasizing on the role of every cardiologist for screening abdominal aorta aneurysm during echocardiography. Among vascular wall biomarkers, the aorta stiffness is of increasing interest with new data and meta-analysis confirming its ability to stratify risk, whereas carotid intima-media thickness showed poor performances in terms of reclassifying patients into risk categories beyond risk scores. Regarding the veins, new data suggest the interest of D-dimers and residual venous thrombosis to help the decision of anti-coagulation prolongation or discontinuation after the initial period of treatment for deep vein thrombosis
Not Pregnant Now in almost two-thirds of all municipalities in The Netherlands
No full textHet programma Nu Niet Zwanger is gericht op het voorkomen van onbedoelde zwangerschappen bij mensen in kwetsbare omstandigheden. Hulpverleners in het sociaal en medisch domein gaan daartoe tijdens reguliere contactmomenten met hun eigen cliënten (m/v) in gesprek over hun kinderwens. Ze ondersteunen hen bij het maken van een geïnformeerde en vrijwillige keuze, en bieden desgewenst begeleiding bij het kiezen en het realiseren van anticonceptie. Onderzoek laat zien dat de ervaringen van hulpverleners en cliënten met Nu Niet Zwanger positief zijn en leverde ook verbeterpunten op. Begin 2023 wordt het programma in bijna twee derde van de gemeenten in Nederland uitgevoerd en ligt de focus op structurele, landelijke borging.The program Not Pregnant Now aims to prevent unintended pregnancies in vulnerable populations. To this end, care providers start an openconversation during regular social and healthcare visits with their clients about their desire to have children. They support their clients in making an informed and voluntary decision about this and, ifwanted, offer support in choosing and realizing contraception. Research showed that the experiences of the care providers and clients with the program arepositive and also resulted in recommendations for improvement. At the beginning of 2023, the program runs in three quarters of the municipalities in TheNetherlands and the focus is on structural, national maintenance
Application of Panel Data Models in Benchmarking Analysis of the Electrivity Distribution Sector
No full textThis paper explores the application of several panel data models in measuring productive efficiency of the electricity distribution sector. Stochastic Frontier Analysis has been used to estimate the cost-efficiency of 59 distribution utilities operating over a nine-year period in Switzerland. The estimated coefficients and inefficiency scores are compared across three different panel data models. The results indicate that individual efficiency estimates are sensitive to the econometric specification of unobserved firm-specific heterogeneity. When these factors are considered as a separate stochastic term, the efficiency estimates are substantially higher indicating that conventional models could confound efficiency differences with other unobserved variations among companies. The results suggest that alternative panel models such as the “true” random effects model proposed by Greene (2005) could be used to evaluate the possible impacts of unobserved factors such as network effects on efficiency estimates.
Salt cavern volume estimation from pressure response: compressibility-based method
No full textSalt caverns formed by solution mining may cause soil subsidence, because the surrounding adapts to fill the void (cavity) created in the strata. The cavern volume is hence not only a function of salt extraction (estimated from mass balance) but also a function of salt creep. The cavern size can be measured by sonar, but a less costly way would be to correlate cavern volume to cavern compressibility. The size of the cavern can be obtained by a compressibility test. The compressibility test consists of injecting brine or fresh water into the cavern, causing a pressure build-up. The pressure increase depends on the cavern volume and compressibility. Bérest et al. (2006) [1] derived an equation that expresses the pressure response to injection of a volume V of fresh water. The equation includes creep that can be derived from a separate geometric creep model that relates the strain to the stress history using the Norton-Hoff law for describing an Arrhenius type of response model, and thermal expansion effects influenced by the geothermal temperature. It also considers Darcy flow and leakage through the permeable salt cavity. This thesis investigates the sensitivity related to the various mechanisms in the Bérest and Van Sambeek (2005) model. It also extends the model by introducing chemical dissolution of salt effects and taking into account the impact of the sump (insoluble precipitates at the bottom of the cavern). We state the model equations and solve them for an example of interest. We can also compare the calculated pressure response to the results of a pressure test. In this pressure test a given volume of fresh water is injected above the sump and produced at the top of the cavity. The produced salt concentration is also one of the parameters measured in the test. There are at least two widely used methods to obtain or predict cavern size of active salt solution mining caverns, namely sonar surveys and leaching simulators. However, these data can be flawed due to uncertainties of the methods and the accuracy of measuring devices like flow meters. The compressibility test can then be used as an additional survey method. The test execution is simple and inexpensive, making it possible to be performed more frequently than a sonar survey. The cavern volume is obtained from a compressibility test data by using a solution that includes not only the injection volume, but also volumes introduced by other phenomena. These other phenomena are caused by thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and chemical influences. Previous work has attempted to introduced solutions incorporating these influences for idle caverns. The proposed solution incorporates these effects in an active leaching salt cavern. It also introduces the impact of sump (insoluble on cavern bottom) to be included in the model. The proposed solution is then tested against field data. The work here differs from previous work that it presents a comprehensive description of the various methods used in the literature and practice. Where current models predict cavity volumes with a mean absolute percentage error of 33% (Thiel’s method for BAS3O) to 127% (Bérest et al. for BAS4) for the studied caverns (BAS3O and BAS4), the model here, which includes the presence of insoluble particles, and a well-established creep model is able to predict cavity volumes to an accuracy of 33% (proposed model for BAS3O) to 12% (proposed model for BAS4).Petroleum Engineering and Geo-science
Floral biology and propagation of blue-flowered Conospermum spp
No full textBlue-flowered Conospermum are endemic to Western Australia, and show great potential as cut flowers. Propagation from cuttings or seed proved difficult, and root initiation in vitro is problematic. This thesis examines the floral biology of the species and the possibility of using somatic embryogenesis to overcome propagation problems.
A survey of explant tissue types for C. eatoniae and C. caeruleum was carried out to identify tissue that could be induced into embryogenic pathways. Vegetative, semi-floral and floral buds were initiated into culture from February to June, but were found unsuitable for embryogenesis, producing shoots, callus or dying in culture. Leaves from in vitro leaf cultures formed callus in the presence of 2,4-D and BAP, but were unable to differentiate into embryos in the presence of a variety of growth regulator combinations and concentrations. Immature zygotes died in culture. Direct embryogenesis and/or embryogenic callus was observed on mature zygotes of the species C. caeruleum, C. spectabile, C. dorrienii and C. brownii, and somatic embryos were maintained in culture for up to 18 months for C. caeruleum.
Maturation and germination of somatic embryos proved difficult; treatments of cold, ABA, desiccation or mannitol did not induce maturation. It appears that developmental pathways in Conospermum are well defined and are difficult to alter in vitro. It was concluded that somatic embryogenesis has limited commercial potential in these species.
Conospermum species have an active pollination mechanism where the style is held in a state of tension when the flower opens. When pressure is applied at the base of the style by an insect, the style flicks downwards, striking the insect pollinator and releasing pollen from the anther in a single dusty mass. However, the breeding systems of blue-flowered Conospermum have not previously been well explored.
Flowers on a C. eatoniae inflorescence opened from the basal end upwards acropetally, with the terminal two or three buds never opening. Fruit and seed set occurred only from the basal one to three buds. Isolation of C. eatoniae and C. amoenum flowers showed they were unable to self-pollinate in the absence of insect pollinators.
Experiments to determine the timing of the peak of stigmatic receptiveness were inconclusive. Pollen germinated and penetrated the stigma 0 - 6 days after anther dehiscence. Pollen loads on the stigma did not relate to the number of pollen tubes observed down the style. Controlled pollinations of cultivated C. eatoniae at a field station using self and cross pollen, revealed compatibility with a range of pollen genotypes, as pollen tubes were observed extending down the style. However, late-acting incompatibility could not be ruled out as controlled crosses failed to set any seed as flowers were shed from the bush.
DNA analysis of open pollinated C. eatoniae seed progeny from two plants from a field station and two plants in natural bushland revealed very different pollination habits. Plants from the field station showed no outcrossing, with progeny closely resembling the maternal parent, whereas plants from the wild population showed outcrossing with several different paternal parents. These results suggest self-pollinated seed can be reliably obtained in a plantation situation using stands of ramets of the same clone. Alternatively, assuming that the required insect pollinators are present in a cultivated stand, it should be possible to obtain cross pollinated seed by surrounding the maternal plant with the desired paternal parent.
Unusual pollen behaviour was observed for many blue-flowered species, a white-flowered species of Conospermum, and close relative, Synaphea petiolaris. Up to three pollen tubes emerged from the triporate pollen in vitro, and at rates of up to 55 mcgms-1. This rate was maintained for only 2 s but is greater than 20 times faster than reported in the literature for any species, in vitro or in vivo. Pollen with multiple tubes was also observed on the stigma in vivo in C. amoenum flowers.
Changing the osmotic pressure of the germination medium by altering sucrose concentration influenced the number of tubes to emerge from the pollen grain; generally the number of tubes decreased as sucrose increased. However, the rate of tube growth was unaffected. The addition of calcium channel blockers to the germination medium had no effect on Conospermum growth rate, nor did they eliminate pulses of tube growth.
Observation of Conospermum pollen ultrastructure revealed similarities to Gramineae pollen. The tube cytoplasm was packed with vesicles filled with material of similar electron density to the cell wall. Few golgi were identified, and the apical end of the tube contained these vesicles, smaller secretory vesicles and mitochondria. This is atypical of the tip, which is normally free of large vesicles. Distinct zones in the cytoplasm were not identified, which is similar to Gramineae. Like the grasses, Conospermum appears to pre-manufacture cell wall material and store it in vesicles ready for rapid germination and extension.
A biological function of multiple pollen tube emergence with such rapid growth was not elucidated.
This research has shown Conospermum to be a complex and very interesting genus. Further investigation into the remarkable growth of multiple pollen tubes would enhance our knowledge of the biological processes involved in tube growth and the process of fast wall formation. The potential benefits to the cut flower industry of commercialising some of these species warrants further effort to find an efficient method of propagation. Introduction into horticulture may be the only means by which these threatened species will survive
No Differences in Perioperative Outcome between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic AAAs after EVAR: An Analysis from the ENGAGE Registry
No full textAbstractAimThis study aimed to compare the differences in perioperative outcome after endovascular repair of symptomatic abdominal aneurysms (S-AAAs) and elective non-symptomatic AAAs (E-AAAs). Data from the ENGAGE Registry were used for the analysis.MethodsBetween March 2009 and December 2010, 1200 AAA patients were enrolled from 79 sites in 30 countries and treated with an Endurant Stent Graft. S-AAAs defined as AAAs accompanied by abdominal or back pain, without rupture, were present in 185 (15.4%) patients and E-AAAs in 1015 (84.6%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare results.ResultsAt baseline, E-AAA patients had larger aneurysms on average (P = 0.006) and scored higher ASA classification more often (P = 0.001). Further analyses were corrected for baseline differences. Operation time and technical success were comparable, and S-AAAs were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) as often as E-AAAs (35.7% vs. 33.4%, P = 0.479). Post-operative hospitalisation was similar (4.83 ± 5.29 in E-AAAs and 4.37 ± 3.49 in S-AAAs, P = 0.360). No differences in the occurrence of major adverse events, including mortality, within the 30-day post-implantation were seen between S-AAA and E-AAA patients, respectively, 3.2% and 4.2% (P = 0.572).ConclusionWith contemporary devices and technical proficiency, there is no difference in outcome between symptomatic AAA and elective non-symptomatic AAA patients if treated with endovascular techniques
MANAGING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
No full textThis study investigates the instruments used by governments in order to support renewable energy sources in the European Union. The findings of this study reveal that policy goals could be achieved by using a large variety of instruments. The study was carenewable energy, environmental protection, policy instruments, supporting schemes
Extracellular matrix composition and remodeling in human abdominal aortic aneurysms: a proteomics approach.
No full textAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by pathological remodeling of the aortic extracellular matrix (ECM). However, besides the well-characterized elastolysis and collagenolysis little is known about changes in other ECM proteins. Previous proteomics studies on AAA focused on cellular changes without emphasis on the ECM. In the present study, ECM proteins and their degradation products were selectively extracted from aneurysmal and control aortas using a solubility-based subfractionation methodology and analyzed by gel-liquid chromatography-tandem MS and label-free quantitation. The proteomics analysis revealed novel changes in the ECM of AAA, including increased expression as well as degradation of collagen XII, thrombospondin 2, aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein, periostin, fibronectin and tenascin. Proteomics also confirmed the accumulation of macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12). Incubation of control aortic tissue with recombinant MMP-12 resulted in the extensive fragmentation of these glycoproteins, most of which are novel substrates of MMP-12. In conclusion, our proteomics methodology allowed the first detailed analysis of the ECM in AAA and identified markers of pathological ECM remodeling related to MMP-12 activity
Quantifying flooding effects on hardwood seedling survival and growth for bottomland restoration
No full textMachine learning risk prediction of mortality for patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2: the COVIDSurg mortality score
No full textnone4650siNo abstract - rapid research communicationopenDajti, I; Valenzuela, J I; Boccalatte, L A; Gemelli, N A; Smith, D E; Dudi-Venkata, N N; Kroon, H M; Sammour, T; Roberts, M; Mitchell, D; Lah, K; Pearce, A; Morton, A; Dawson, A C; Drane, A; Sharpin, C; Nataraja, R M; Pacilli, M; Cox, D R A; Muralidharan, V; Riddiough, G E; Clarke, E M; Jamel, W; Qin, K R; Pockney, P; Cope, D; Egoroff, N; Lott, N; Putnis, S; De Robles, S; Ang, Z; Mitteregger, M; Uranitsch, S; Stiegler, M; Seitinger, G; Aigner, F; Lumenta, D B; Nischwitz, P S; Richtig, E; Pau, M; Srekl-Filzmaier, P; Eibinger, N; Michelitsch, B; Fediuk, M; Papinutti, A; Seidel, G; Kahn, J; Cohnert, T U; Messner, F; Öfner, D; Presl, J; Varga, M; Weitzendorfer, M; Emmanuel, K; Binder, A D; Zimmermann, M; Holawe, S; Nkenke, E; Grimm, C; Kranawetter, M; Rahman Mitul, A; Islam, N; Karim, S; Komen, N; Putnis, S; De Robles, S; Ang, E; De Praetere, H; Tollens, T; Schols, G; Smets, C; Haenen, L; Quintens, J; Van Belle, K; Van Ramshorst, G H; Pattyn, P; Desender, L; Martens, T; Van de Putte, D; Lerut, P; Grimonprez, A; Janssen, M; De Smul, G; Wallaert, P; Van den Eynde, J; Oosterlinck, W; Van den Eynde, R; Sermon, A; Boeckxstaens, A; Cordonnier, A; De Coster, J; Jaekers, J; Politis, C; Miserez, M; Duchateau, N; De Gheldere, C; Flamey, N; Pattyn, P; Christiano, A; Guidi, B; Minussi, A L; Castro, S; Okoba, W; Maldonado, F H R; Oliveira, P; Baldasso, T; Santos, L; Gomes, G M A; Buarque, I L; Pol-Fachin, L; Bezerra, T S; Barros, A V; da Silva, A M R; Leite, A L S; Silvestre, D W A; Ferro, C C; Araujo, M S; Lopes, L M; Damasceno, P D; Araujo, D H S; Laporte, G; Salem, M C; Guimaraes-Filho, M A C; Nacif, L; Flumignan, R L G; Nakano, L C U; Kuramoto, D A B; Aidar, A L S; Pereda, M R; Correia, R M; Santos, B C; Carvalho, A A; Amorim, J E; Guedes Neto, H J; Areias, L L; Sousa, A F; Flumignan, C D Q; Lustre, W G; Moreno, D H; Barros, N; Baptista-Silva, J C C; Matos, L L; Kowaski, L P; Kulcsar, M A V; Nunes, K S; Teixeira, M F; Nunes, R L; Ijichi, T R; Kim, N J; Marreiro, A; Muller, B; Barakat Awada, J; Baiocchi, G; Kowalski, L P; Vartanian, J G; Makdissi, F B; Aguiar, S; Marques, N; Carvalho, G B; Marques, T M D M; Abdallah, E A; Zurstrassen, C E; Gross, J L; Zequi, S C; Gonçalves, B T; Santos, S S; Duprat, J P; Coimbra, F J F; Cicco, R; Takeda, F; Cecconello, I; Ribeiro, U; Gatti, A; Oliva, R; Nardi, C; Slavchev, M; Atanasov, B; Belev, N; Dell, A; Bigam, D; Dajani, K; Al Riyami, S; Martin, J; Cheng, D; Yang, H; Fayad, A; Carrier, F M; Amzallag, E; Desroches, J; Ruel, M; Caminsky, N G; Boutros, M; Moon, J; Wong, E G; Vanounou, T; Pelletier, J; Wong, S; Girsowicz, E; Bayne, J; Obrand, D; Gill, H; Steinmetz, O; MacKenzie, K; Lukaszewski, M; Jamjoum, G; Richebé, P; Verdonck, O; Discepola, S; Godin, N; Idrissi, M; Lecluyse, V; Côté, G; Demyttenaere, S; Garfinkle, R; Boutros, M; Kouyoumdjian, A; Boutros, M; Dumitra, S; Moon, J; Wong, E G; Khwaja, K; Luo, L; Lukaszewski, M; Gill, H; Berry, G; Liberman, A S; Girsowicz, E; Bayne, J; Obrand, D; Steinmetz, O; MacKenzie, K; Schmid, S; Spicer, J; Al Farsi, M; Abou-Khalil, J; Couture, E; Mohammadi, S; Tremblay, H; Gagné, N; Bergeron, A; Turgeon, A F; Costerousse, O; Bellemare, D; Babin, C; Blier, C; Wood, M L; Persad, A; Groot, G; Pham, H; D'Aragon, F; Carbonneau, E; Bouchard, M; Masse, M; Pesant, F; Héroux, J; Karanicolas, P; Hallet, J; Nadler, A; Nathens, A; Ko, M; Brar, A; Mayson, K; Kidane, B; Srinathan, S; Escudero, M I; Reyes, J T; Modolo, M M; Ramirez Nieto, P; Sepulveda, R; Bolbarán, A; Molero, A; Ruiz, I; Reyes, G P; Salas, R; Suazo, C; Muñoz, R; Grasset, E; Inzunza, M; Besser, N; Irarrázaval, M J; Jarry, C; Bellolio, F; Romero Manqui, C A; Ruiz Esquide, M; Fuentes, T; Campos, J; Perez Rivera, C J; Cabrera, P A; Pinilla, R E; Guevara, O; Jimenez Ramirez, L J; Velasquez Cuasquen, B G; Herrera Mora, D R; Bonilla, A; Diaz, S; Manrique, E; Facundo, H; Velez Bernal, J L; ángel, J; García, M; Guzmán, L; Lehmann, C; Cervera, S; Trujillo Sanchez, L M; Guevara, R; Valbuena, D; Suarez, L; Jimenez, G; Velandia, A; Vargas, J; Espinosa, J; Rey, S; Mendoza Quevedo, J; Calvache, J A; Orozco-Chamorro, C M; Sánchez-Gómez, T A; Rojas-Tejada, D A; Mihanovic, J; Bakmaz, B; Rakvin, I; Sulen, N; Andabaka, T; Luksic, I; Mamic, M; Martinek, L; Skrovina, M; Žatecký, J; Peteja, M; Ø. Kristensen, H; Mekhael, M; Christensen, P; Westh, L; Smith, H; Haugstvedt, A F; JÖnsson, M L; Crespo, A; Batista, S; Rodriguez-Abreu, J; Tactuk, N; Diaz-Delgado, P J; Rivas, R; Sarmiento-Bobadilla, J A; Ashoush, F; Samir Abdelaal, A; Qatora, M S; Elsayed Hewalla, M E; Metwalli, M; Atta, R; Abdelmajeed, A; Abosamak, N E; Sabry, A; Shehata, S; Sallam, I; Amira, G; Sherief, M; Sherif, A; Salem, H; Hamdy, R; Aboulkassem, H; Ghaly, G; Sherif, G; Morsi, A; Abdelrahman, A; Omnia, A; Tawheed, A; El Kassas, M; Omar, W; Abdelsamed, A; Seleim, A; Salem, H; Azzam, A Y; ElFiky, M; Nabil, A; Ibraheem, M; Ghaly, G; ElDeeb, M; Fawzy, M; Hamed, H; Emile, S; Elfallal, A; Elfeki, H; Shalaby, M; Sakr, A; Alrahawy, M; Atif, H; Sakr, A; Soltan, H; Sayed, A K; Salah, A; Atiya, A; Wassim, K; Esmail, E; Khalaf, M; Eldaly, A; Ghoneim, A; Hawila, A; Badr, H; Elhalaby, I; Abdel-bari, M; Elbahnasawy, M; Hamada, M K; Morsy, M S; Hammad, M; Hammad, M; Essa, M; Fayed, M T; Elzoghby, M; Rady, M; Hamad, O; Salman, S; Sarsik, S; Abd-elsalam, S; Gamal Badr, S; El-Masry, Y; Moahmmed, M M H; Hailu, S; Wolde, A; Mengesha, M; Nida, S; Workneh, M; Ahmed, M Y; Fisseha, T; Kassa, D; Zeleke, H; Admasu, A; Laeke, T; Tirsit, A; Gessesse, M; Addissie, A; Bekele, D; Kauppila, J H; Sarjanoja, E; Testelin, S; Dakpé, S; Devauchelle, B; Bettoni, J; Lavagen, N; Schmitt, F; Lemée, J M; Boucher, S; Breheret, R; Kün-Darbois, J D; Kahn, A; Gueutier, A; Bigot, P; Borraccino, B; Lakkis, Z; Doussot, A; Heyd, B; Manfredelli, S; Mathieu, P; Paquette, B; Turco, C; Barrabe, A; Louvrier, A; Moszkowicz, D; Giovinazzo, D; Bretagnol, F; Police, A; Charre, L; Volpin, E; Braham, H; El Arbi, N; Villefranque, V; Bendjemar, L; Girard, E; Abba, J; Trilling, B; Chebaro, A; Lecolle, K; Truant, S; El Amrani, M; Zerbib, P; Pruvot, F R; Mathieu, D; Surmei, E; Mattei, L; Marin, H; Christou, N; Ballouhey, Q; Ferrero, P; Coste Mazeau, P; Tricard, J; Barrat, B; Taibi, A; Usseglio, J; Laloze, J; Salle, H; Fourcade, L; Duchalais, E; Regenet, N; Rigaud, J; Waast, D; Denis, W; Malard, O; Buffenoir, K; Espitalier, F; Ferron, C; Varenne, Y; Crenn, V; De Vergie, S; Cristini, J; Samarut, E; Tzedakis, S; Bouche, P A; Gaujoux, S; Kantor, E; Gossot, D; Seguin-Givelet, A; Fuks, D; Grigoroiu, M; Sanchez Salas, R; Cathelineau, X; Macek, P; Barbé, Y; Rozet, F; Barret, E; Mombet, A; Cathala, N; Brian, E; Zadegan, F; Conso, C; Blanc, T; Broch, A; Sarnacki, S; Ali, L; Bonnard, A; Peycelon, M; Hervieux, E; Clermidi, P; Maisonneuve, E; Aubry, E; Thomin, A; Langlais, T; Passot, G; Glehen, O; Cotte, E; Lifante, J C; De Simone, B; Chouillard, E; Arnaud, A P; Violas, P; Bergeat, D; Merdrignac, A; Arnaud, A P; Scalabre, A; Perotto, L O; Le Roy, B; Haddad, E; Vermersch, S; Ezanno, A C; Barbier, O; Vigouroux, F; Malgras, B; Aime, A; Seeliger, B; Mutter, D; Philouze, G; Pessaux, P; Germain, A; Chanty, H; Ayav, A; Kassir, R; Von Theobald, P; Sauvat, F; O'Connor, J; Mayombo Idiata, M; O'Connor, Z; Tchoba, S; Modabber, A; Winnand, P; HÖlzle, F; Sommer, B; Shiban, E; Wolf, S; 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