68 research outputs found
Distribution, resources, features of biology, and the first results of specialized fishery of shrimp <i>Pandalus goniurus</i> in the Tatar Strait
No full textShrimp Pandalus goniurus is poorly known in the Tatar Strait. Its distribution, state of stock, and features of biology are described on the data of 7 trawl surveys conducted by RV Buhoro in the western Tatar Strait in April-June 2009-2010 (227 trawls) and September-October 2011-2014 (589 trawls) and commercial catches obtained by fishing vessel Sovetskoye in May 2014 (50 trawls) and April 2015 (59 trawls). Horizontal opening of the scientific and commercial trawls was 16 and 35 m, respectively. About 14,000 individuals of the shrimp were subjected to biological analysis. P. goniurus was distributed along the whole continental coast of the strait northward from 47°20′ N and in spring concentrated at the depth from 50 to 120 m, rarely to 270-300 m, with single findings down to 340 m. Its stock fluctuated from 16 to 70 thousand t, on average 45,000 t (50-70 % within the territorial waters); possible annual catch was estimated as 5,000 t. Commercial fishery of this species was started in 2014 (mean CPUE 1.91 t/hour), the number of fishing vessels increased to 3 in 2015 (mean CPUE 3.26 t/hour, total landing 1160 t). The fishery is distinguished by easy hydroacoustic search of aggregations, long-time fishing within limited areas, high catches, including the catches in nighttime, and low bycatch. The highest concentration of P. goniurus was registered in April 2015: CPUE 11.86 t/hour, density 73.2 t/km2 or 10 ind./m2. Size-weight parameters of P. goniurus in the Tatar Strait were the best for all its populations: their average values in commercial catches in 2014/2015 were: carapace length 20.4/22.4 mm, individual weight 5.7/7.4 g or 165/116 ind./kg. Its larvae hatching was observed in April-May, mass post-hatching molt of females was supposedly in June-July and breeding molt and spawning - in September-October. First results of the fishery are analyzed, its prospects are estimated, and measures for its regulation are proposed
Creation of the initial breeding material of soft winter wheat with a complex of economically valuable traits
No full textPurpose. Creation of new breeding material of soft winter wheat, highly resistant to diseases of the ear and pest colonization for use in the breeding process.
Methods. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 under conditions of artificial inoculation of wheat plants with pathogens of common bunt and fusariosis of the ear in field infectious nurseries of the Department of Plant Protection of the V. M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS. An artificial infectious background of common bunt was created according to the method of A. I. Borggard-Anpilogov, which consists in contamination of seed material with spores several days before sowing. An artificial infectious background of fusarium ear blight was created by spraying soft winter wheat plants in the flowering phase with a suspension of spores isolated from the local pathogen population.
Results. According to the results of the conducted research, highly resistant (up to 5% ear damage) combinations of hybrids of the fourth generation of soft wheat were selected against the causative agent of fusarium: ‘Berehynia Myronivska’ / ‘Nobeoka bozu’ had a thrips population of 5.2 ind./ear, and cereal leaf beetle – 35,0 ind./m2 and ‘Horlytsia myronivska’ / ‘C-Lokia’, the thrips population of which was 5.0 ind./ear, cereal leaf beetle – 2.0 ind./m2. On an artificial infectious background of fourth-generation hybrids, in terms of resistance to common bunt, the crossing combinations ‘Berehynia Myronivska’ / ‘Horianka’, ‘Lehenda Myronivska’ / ‘Nana’ were selected, which were affected by common bunt from 15 to 20%, and thrips population was 2.8–8.6 ind./ear, cereal leaf beetle – 5.0–6.0 ind./m2. The highest indicators of the length of the ear, the number of grains in the ear and the mass of grain from the ear were obtained in the combinations of ‘Oberih Myronivskyi’ / ‘Maris Templer’ and ‘Berehynia Myronivska’ / ‘Horianka’, which were created in accordance with the breeding programs of soft winter wheat for resistance against fusarium head blight and common bunt.
Conclusions. The constant lines of soft winter wheat, isolated by complex resistance against diseases and pests, are used in the breeding process of the V. M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS and the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (The Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev, Kharkiv)
SUCCESSFUL COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF A SICK SENIOR AGE WITH DISSEMINATED IV STAGE OF STOMACH CANCER
No full textSUCCESSFUL COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF A SICK SENIOR AGE WITH DISSEMINATED IV STAGE OF STOMACH CANCER
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Stages and Fracture Mechanisms of Lamellar Pearlite of 100-m-Long Differentially Hardened Rails Under Long-Term Operation Conditions
No full textUsing the methods of transmission electron microscopy, the carbide phase evolution in surface layers of the differentially quenched rails is studied after the passed tonnage of 691.8 million tons at the depth up to 10 mm along the central axis and fillet of rail head. The action of two mutual supplement mechanisms of steel carbide phase transformation in surface layers at rail operation is established: (1) cutting mechanism of cementite particles with the following departure in the volume of ferrite grains or plates (in pearlite structure); (2) cutting mechanism and following dissolution of cementite particles, transfer of carbon atoms on dislocations (in Cottrell atmospheres and dislocation cores), transfer of carbon atoms by moving dislocations into ferrite grains volume (or plates) with the following repeated formation of nanosized cementite particles. The first mechanism is accompanied by the change in linear sizes and morphology of carbide particles. Cementite element composition change is not essential. Carbide structure change can take place during the second mechanism
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