3 research outputs found
Application of texture analysis of CT and MR images to determine the histologic grade of hepatocellular cancer and it’s differential diagnosis: a review
No full textIn recent years, more foreign publications are devoted to the use of texture analysis or radiomics in solving certain diagnostic problems, including the diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This method of processing medical images allows for a comprehensive assessment of the structure of neoplasms by extracting a large number of quantitative features from medical images.The purpose of the study was to determine the role of texture analysis of CT and MR images in differential diagnosis and determination of the degree of differentiation of HCC based on a review and analysis of the results of publications.We searched for scientific publications in the PubMed information and analytical system for 2015–2021. by keywords: “HCC”, “texture analysis” (texture analysis), “radiomics”, “CT”, “MRI”, “grade”, “differential diagnosis”. After excluding reviews of publications and studying the full text of articles, 21 articles were selected for analysis.Despite the growing number of publications devoted to the successful use of textural analysis of CT and MR images, including non-invasive assessment of the histological grade of HCC and in the differential diagnosis of HCC with hypervascular neoplasms, metastases, regenerative and dysplastic nodes, the use of such type of analysis in routine practice is limited due to the lack of standardized methods for performing texture analysis, which leads to low reproducibility of the results. The parameters of image acquisition and methods of image preprocessing and segmentation affect the reproducibility of the obtained texture features. In addition, the presented studies were performed using different MR sequences and phases of contrast enhancement, as well as different software, which makes it difficult to compare the obtained data.The use of texture analysis certainly demonstrates promising results and requires further investigation to systematize and standardize the obtained data in order to develop an optimal diagnostic model for wide clinical use
ON THE UNIFICATION OF BONE DENSITOMETRY AND INTERPRETATION OF ITS RESULTS
No full textThe paper gives data on the importance of osteoporosis, existing approaches to its diagnosis, the specific features of a dual-energy X- ray absorption procedure to measure bone density, the determination of main densitometric indicators, such as a T-score and a Z-score, as well as their interpretation, by predicting the probability of bone fractures. It shows the need for population-based studies in Russia to set up a normative bone mineral density base with regard to age- and gender-related differences and other factors influencing the bone structure. The concept of a threshold for intervention is discussed, which determines diagnostic and therapeutic tactics depending on what risk group a patient belongs to. It is noted that the surveys conducted among radiologists have indicated that most specialists are poorly aware of the problem of osteoporosis, its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
КТ-семиотика пневмонии у пациентов с COVID-19, получающих терапию тоцилизумабом: обзор зарубежной литературы
No full textPurpose. Review and analysis of the available foreign literature about CT findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia after treatment with tocilizumab.Material and methods. 6 publications were analyzed that were available for the keywords “COVID-19”, “radiology”, “CT”, “tocilizumab”, “cytokine release syndrome”, “interleukin 6”, “IL-6”. Search was limited only to English language manuscripts with no time limit. The literature search was last done on 3rd June 2020.Results. There is a small number of studies on CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia during the treatment of actemra (tocilizumab). At the request of “COVID-19”, “radiology”, “CT”, “tocilizumab”, “cytokine release syndrome”, “interleukin 6”, “IL-6” in the database of medical and biological publications “PubMed” on 03.06.2020 can be found only 8 publications that would satisfy the search query. At the time of writing this article we were able to locate only 1 full text articles in English which was the study of CT findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia after treatment with tocilizumab. It is important to note that new data is being shared regularly and so far, it consists mostly of pre-prints, case reports, small case series.Conclusion. After analyzing the available literature, it can be concluded that the majority of authors confirm the positive effect associated with taking tocilizumab, as evidenced by a very rapid improvement in the condition of patients, however, the CT-findings often does not correlate with the clinical course of the disease and does not always show improvement in lung tissue, which should not be regarded as negative dynamics, but as a natural regression of pathological changes in lung tissue.Цель исследования: обзор и анализ имеющейся зарубежной литературы, посвященной КТ-семиотике COVID-19-пневмонии у пациентов, получающих в качестве патогенетической терапии тоцилизумаб.Материал и методы. Проанализировано 6 публикаций, которые были доступны по ключевым словам “COVID-19”, “radiology”, “CT”, “tocilizumab”, “сytokine release syndrome”, “interleukin 6”, “IL-6”. Поиск ограничивался только рукописями на английском языке без ограничения по времени. Последний раз поиск литературы проводился 3 июня 2020 г.Результаты. На сегодняшний день существует небольшое количество исследований, посвященных КТ-семиотике COVID-19-пневмонии при лечении актемрой (тоцилизумабом). По запросу “COVID-19”, “radiology”, “CT”, “tocilizumab”, “сytokine release syndrome”, “interleukin 6”, “IL-6” в базе данных медицинских и биологических публикаций “PubMed” на 03.06.2020 можно найти только 8 публикаций, которые удовлетворяли бы поисковому запросу, из них только 1 полнотекстовая статья, целью которой было исследование КТ-семиотики COVID-19-пневмонии у пациентов, получающих в качестве терапии тоцилизумаб. Важно отметить, что новые данные распространяются регулярно, и до сих пор они состоят в основном из препринтов, кейсов, отчетов, небольших клинических случаев.Заключение. Проанализировав имеющуюся литературу, можно сделать вывод, что подавляющее число авторов подтверждают положительный эффект, связанный с приемом тоцилизумаба, о чем свидетельствует очень быстрое улучшение состояния больных. Однако КТ-картина часто не коррелирует с клиническим течением заболевания и не всегда демонстрирует улучшение по картине легких, что должно расцениваться не как отрицательная динамика, а как естественный регресс патологических изменений легочной ткани, который может занимать некоторое количество времени
