1,721,063 research outputs found
Persistent and stubborn. The state in the Italian capitalism: 1913-2001
No full textThis paper analyses the structure of the Italian corporate network from 1913 to 2001 by using the interlocking directorates technique. The paper focuses on seven benchmark years: 1913, 1927, 1936, 1960, 1972, 1983, and 2001. For each benchmark year, the top 250 companies (50 financials and 200 non financials) by total assets have been selected. For each benchmark year, after showing a descriptive statistics of the companies and the directors included in the sample, the paper develops a network connectivity analysis of the system. This is integrated by a historical and structural analysis. The paper reveals some distinct phases in the long term evolution of Italian capitalism, consequent on some major institutional break-ups (the crisis of the German-type universal banks and the creation of a large state-owned sector in the economy in the early 1930s; the nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1962; a massive privatisation of state-owned enterprises in the 1990s) and the emergence of the technological trajectory of the third industrial revolution in the 1970s. However, a trait featuring Italian capitalism throughout all these phases is the persistent presence of state-owned enterprises amongst the nation’s largest companie
State-owned enterprises in the Italian corporate network, 1972-1983
No full textAn extensive and pervasive presence of state-owned enterprises represented a substantial peculiarity of Italian capitalism for a long time, from the 1930s to the end of the 20th century. Historiography stressed the relevance of state-owned enterprises for the development of capital-intensive industries but also argued that they might in some way have curbe dthe growth of the private sector of the economy. Recent research gave a detailed map of the extension of the major Italian state-owned groups. However, their links with private companies and, more generally, their role in the Italian corporate network remain largely unexplored. This paper explores this subject by using the interlocking directorates technique. In particular, this paper assesses Chiesi's thesis according to which in the mid-1970s the Italian corporate newtork was marked by the presence of two centres, one state-owned and the other private, which were clearly distinct one from the other. The analysis is based on the database Imita.db - which contains data on more than 300,000 Italian joint-stock companies - and focuses on the years 1972 and 1983. For both benchmark years the paper presents several indicators of network analysis and a prosopographic research. The paper argues that - contrary to the results obtained by Chiesi using a different sample - in 1972 the Italian corporate network was very cohesive and characterized by the presence of one large centre, comprising both the major private and state-owned companies. However, in 1983 a substantial change had occurred. The cohesion of the system had sharply decreased and state-owned enterprises had disappeared from its centre. Now the structure of the Italian corporate network seemed more in line with Chiesi's argument, with the presence of two distinct centres: one larger and private and the other smaller and state-owned, clearly disconnected one from the other
From Hilferding to Hilferding? Finance-capital in Italian capitalism, 1913-2010
No full textThis paper analyses the Italian corporate network from 1913 to 2010 by using the interlocking directorates technique and focusing on eight benchmark years (1913, 1927, 1936, 1960, 1972, 1983, 2001, and 2010). For each benchmark year, the top 250 companies (50 financial and 200 non financial companies) by total assets have been selected. For each benchmark year, after showing a descriptive statistics of the companies and the directors included in the sample, the paper develops a network connectivity analysis of the system. This is integrated by a historical and structural analysis. The paper reveals some distinct phases in the long term evolution of the Italian corporate network, consequent on some major institutional break-ups (the crisis of the German-type universal banks and the creation of large state-owned sector of the economy in the early 1930s; the nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1962; a massive privatisation of state-owned enterprises and a reform of the banking system in the 1990s) and the emergence of the technological trajectory of the third industrial revolution in the 1970s. In particular, the paper shows that one major consequence of the privatizations and of the reform of the banking system in the 1990s was a return of banks in a central position in the network from which they had disappeared after the collapse of the universal banks in the 1930s
The Italian Corporate Network, 1913-2001
Full text linkThis paper analyses the Italian corporate network from 1913 to 2001 by using the interlocking directorates technique and focusing on seven benchmark years (1913, 1927, 1936, 1960, 1972, 1983, and 2001). For each benchmark year, the top 250 companies (50 financial and 200 non financial companies) by total assets have been selected. For each benchmark year, After showing a descriptive statistics of the companies and the directors included in the sample, the paper develops a network connectivity analysis of the system. This is integrated by a historical and structural analysis. The paper reveals some distinct phases in the long term evolution of the Italian corporate network, consequent on some major institutional break-ups (the crisis of the German-type universal banks and the creation of large state-owned sector of the economy in the early 1930s; the nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1962; a massive privatisation of state-owned enterprises in the 1990s) and the emergence of the technological trajectory of the third industrial revolution in the 1970s
Modellazione parametrica e comportamento meccanico di superfici adattive in architettura: analisi e sperimentazione
Full text linkIn ambito strutturale appare crescente la necessità di esaminare la risposta di forme libere sempre più complesse, capaci cioè di rappresentare al meglio l’evoluzione dell’architettura contemporanea e dare un senso al crescente interesse per le superfici adattive, sistemi in grado di mutare la propria conformazione in relazione a determinati impulsi-esigenze.
Il genere umano ha sempre ambito a fare evolvere in un meccanismo dinamico, emulazione del ”vivere”, la staticità propria dei corpi inanimati, essenza del prodotto artificiale. La molteplicità dei prodotti artificiali oggi ideati, dalla piccola scala del design alla grande scala dell’architettura, resta infatti prevalentemente statica. Sarebbe invece auspicabile far evolvere rapidamente la progettazione verso prodotti sensibili a determinati stimoli, che ne modellino la conformazione spaziale.
Obiettivo primario della ricerca è l’indagine dei principi teorici alla base delle variazioni di geometria, mirando alla definizione di modelli meccanici adatti ad interpretare e predire i cambiamenti di configurazione in gioco. Ciò al fine di descriverne sia la cinematica finita che gli aspetti statici ad essa associati. E’ emersa, pertanto, la necessit`a di non limitarsi al solo studio teorico di questi principi, ma di procedere parallelamente con la sperimentazione fisica per poter verificare su modelli in scala il reale il comportamento strutturale e poi valutare la fattibilità tecnologica delle soluzioni proposte
Scienza delle Costruzioni
No full textI temi classici della Scienza delle Costruzioni sono sviluppati seguendo un approccio semplice e intuitivo: gli aspetti teorici di base sono introdotti a partire da problemi elementari e concreti che vengono successivamente estesi ai casi più complessi. L’esposizione della materia è accompagnata da numerosi esempi applicativi d’immediata comprensione che hanno lo scopo di aiutare l’assimilazione dei principi fondamentali nonché di affinare l’intuizione del lettore nell’analisi delle strutture reali. Il volume presenta un’ampia selezione di esempi e di tabelle riassuntive delle grandezze e delle equazioni più significative. In questa nuova edizione di Scienza delle Costruzioni è stata aggiunta una parte introduttiva dedicata alla meccanica dei corpi rigidi; lo studio degli aspetti energetici del problema dell'equilibrio elastico completa inoltre l'analisi del continuo di Cauchy. La nuova edizione è stata infine arricchita da numerosi esercizi svolti e da diverse schede di approfondimento riguardanti alcuni aspetti fondamentali della materia
The Italian National Innovation System: A Long-term Perspective, 1861-2011
Full text linkThis chapter provides a survey of the long- term evolution of the Italian National Innovation System since the unifi cation of the country in the 1860s. In the fi rst part we sketch a broad reconstruction of long- term trends by examining a wide range of quantitative indicators of science and technological activities in a comparative perspective. On the basis of this quantitative survey, in the second part, we put forward a conjectural interpretation of the fundamental features of the Italian National Innovation System. Our conclusion is that Italy has approached the process of modern economic growth following a peculiar path, characterized by a limited commitment to invest in science and technology, in combination with low real wages and an intense use of unskilled labour. © Ian Inkster and the Contributors, 2014
- …
