428 research outputs found
Legal and Financial Problems of International Joint Custody of Children
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyze very interesting and currently up-to-date area of children living in international joint custody from the legal and financial point of view. This covers the situation when custody of a child is awarded to both parents living in different states of the European Union (or also other states). The number of marriages contracted between Czech nationals and foreign nationals and also between nationals from two different states (not necessarily inside European Union) increases every year while free movement of people is a real practice today. Because these international marriages are becoming more common they bring new problems that must be solved by contemporary law. This regulation needs to result from the knowledge of the children psychology that is affecting family law the most but also has its practical aspects in the area of taxation and payment issues that will be analyzed deeply as well.juridical problems, financial problems, international joint custody, family.
Study of the field-induced evolution of the domain geometry in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate single crystals by in-situ optical method
No full textEvolution of the domain structure geometry including quantitative statistic information about domain walls' orientation has been in-situ studied by optical microscopy and light diffraction with subsequent image analysis in congruent, stoichiometric and MgO doped lithium niobate (LN) and lithium tantalate (LT) single crystals. 2D lithographic pattern with about 20 µm period in CLN was used to study the simplified case of domain kinetics. The appearance of the switching stage with domain walls oriented in both X and Y directions, was shown experimentally. Such behavior was predicted by computer simulation of the domain growth through merging of the neighboring domains
Purine bases at position 37 of tRNA stabilize codon-anticodon interaction in the ribosomal A site by stacking and Mg2+-dependent interactions
No full textThe anticodon loop of tRNA contains a number of conserved or semiconserved nucleotides. In most tRNAs, a highly modified purine is found at position 37 immediately 3' to the anticodon. Here, we examined the role of the base at position 37 for tRNA(Phe) binding to the A site of Escherichia coli ribosomes. Affinities and rate constants of A-site binding of native yeast peptidyi-tRNA(Phe), with hypermodified G (wybutine), or of unmodified peptidyi-tRNA(Phe), transcripts with G, A, C, or U, at position 37 were measured. The data indicate that purines stabilize binding due to stronger stacking and additional interactions with the ribosome mediated by Mg2+ ions. Paromomycin, an antibiotic that binds to 16S rRNA in the decoding center, greatly stabilized tRNAs in the A site and abolished the Mg2+-dependence of binding. Comparison of binding enthalpies and entropies suggests that hypermodification of the base at position 37 does not affect stacking in the codon-anticodon complex, but rather decreases the entropic penalty for A-site binding. Substitution of purines with pyrimidines at position 37 increases the rates of tRNA binding to and dissociation from the A site. The data suggest that initial binding of tRNA to the A site is followed by a rate-limiting rearrangement of the anticodon loop or the ribosome decoding center that is favored by purines at position 37 and involves stronger stacking, additional Mg2+ binding, and interactions with 16S rRNA
Comparison of the Support for Families with Children in the Czech Republic, Sweden, and Great Britain in the year 2019
No full textThe subject of the master’s thesis is the comparison of the support for families with children in the Czech Republic, Sweden, and Great Britain in the year 2019. In the theoretical part of the thesis a description of social policy, welfare state, family, family policy and its typology is provided. The practical part contains an analysis of family policies in selected countries and the quantity of benefits obtained with the use of the “Model Family Method”. Through this method the size of financial benefit and tax relief aimed towards families with children is examined; services for families are not considered in the calculation. Macroeconomic evaluation is embodied in comparison of family policy expenditures. State aid among the chosen countries is aimed mostly towards low-income families and parents with young children. Governmental expenditures addressed to families are on the rise in most European countries; differences between support for model families in the Czech Republic, Sweden and Great Britain are not as profound as the family policy typology would suggest. Following the family typology, familistic Sweden gives out benefits to families uniformly, refamilistic Czech Republic transmits the care of a child unto its family, and Great Britain supports families who are on the brink of a safety net. Contrary to researchers who classify Great Britain as a defamilistic country, the author argues that despite some defamilistic features that occur, Great Britain´s high public spending on family benefits does not allow the country to be addressed as such.Předmětem diplomové práce je komparace rodinných dávek pro rodiny s dětmi v České republice, Švédsku a Velké Británii v roce 2019. V teoretické části práce je charakterizována sociální politika, sociální stát, rodina, rodinná politika a její typologie. Praktická část zahrnuje analýzu rodinných politik aplikovaných ve vybraných zemích a výpočet výše zvýhodnění směřující rodinám. Metodou modelových rodin je ve sledovaných zemích stanovena výše finančních dávek a daňových zvýhodnění pro konkrétní rodiny s dětmi; výpočet abstrahuje od služeb pro rodiny. Makroekonomická evaluace je zajištěna komparací velikostí výdajů na rodinnou politiku. Nejvíce podporovaným modelem rodiny napříč všemi státy je rodina s nízkými příjmy a rodina pečující o nejmladší potomky. Výdaje na rodinnou politiku u většiny evropských zemí rostou; výsledná podpora v České republice, Švédsku a Velké Británii však nedosahovala v roce 2019 u modelových rodin takových rozdílů, jaké by byly dle jejich typologického zařazení rodinných politik předpokládány. V souladu s typologií rozděluje familistické Švédsko finanční podporu nejvíce uniformně, v refamilistické České republice přejímá roli pečování o potomka rodina a Velká Británie podporuje rodiny ocitající se na okraji sociální sítě. Autor předkládá důkazy argumentující proti klasifikaci Velké Británie mezi defamilistické země, jelikož výše výdajů na rodinnou politiku s tímto tvrzením nekoresponduje
Slovakia: Fertility between tradition and modernity
No full textIn the last 60 years, Slovakia has experienced comparatively high and most recently very low fertility, long periods of stable fertility alternating with periods of changes, periods of substantial as well as lesser state interventions. Fertility was above replacement in 1990 and declined to the lowest-low levels during the period of transformation. Postponement of life course transitions – leaving the parental home, marrying and becoming a parent – became widespread among younger cohorts after 1990. High unemployment of young adults, increasing economy-driven migration and problems to gain a stable job contribute to this phenomenon. Reproductive behavior is changing, yet Slovak society remains culturally conservative. The dominant form of partnership is marriage, although extra-marital childbearing is rising. Cohabitation is spreading mainly as a prelude to marriage but is not widely approved. Population measures have a long tradition, although 15 years after regime change their nature is very different than that of the state socialist era. Considerable attention was and is being paid to population problems, however, the government has not designed and implemented a comprehensive system of family and population policies.childbearing, family size, fertility, postponement, Roma population, Slovakia
Indická rodina v díle Anity Desai
No full textThe purpose of this diploma thesis is to analyze the parent-child relationship in selected novels by Anita Desai. The novels chosen for the analysis are Cry, the Peacock; Clear Light of Day; Fire on the Mountain; Fasting, Feasting. The aim of the theoretical part is, firstly, to introduce Anita Desai and her style of writing, secondly, to lay the theoretical basis for further analysis of the attachment between children and their parents. In this part the author presents the Attachment theory, behavioural patterns and parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, uninvolved). The theoretical part is concluded by a portrait of Indian society and typical Indian family structure - the environment in which Desai's protagonists live. The practical part consists of thorough analysis of the selected novels. The analysis shows Desai's tendency to portray such parenting styles that instil insecurity in children. The results prove that these approaches to raising a child affect the personality development negatively. It was interesting to find out that gender bias influences not only the life-path and self-concept of the protagonists but also the quality of their relationship with their parents.Smyslem této diplomové práce je analýza vztahu rodič-dítě ve vybraných románech Anity Desai. Romány pro tuto analýzu jsou Cry, the Peacock; Clear Light of Day; Fire on the Mountain; Fasting, Feasting. Cílem teoretické části je zaprvé představit Anitu Desai a její styl tvorby; za druhé položit teoretické základy pro další analýzu vztahu mezi dětmi a jejich rodiči. V této části autorka popisuje teorii konceptu přimknutí, vzorce chování a styly výchovy (autoritářskou, autoritativní, shovívavý, zanedbávající). Teoretickou část uzavírá popis indické společnosti a struktury uvnitř typické indické rodiny - prostředí, v němž žijí postavy Anity Desai. Praktická část se skládá z podrobné analýzy vybraných románů. Tato analýza dokládá sklon Anity Desai k zobrazování takových výchovných stylů, které vyvolávají v dětech pocit nejistoty. Výsledky analýzy dokazují, že tyto postoje k výchově negativně postihují rozvoj osobnosti. Zajímavé bylo zjištění, že diskriminace na základě pohlaví ovlivňuje nejenom životní cestu a sebepojetí protagonistů, ale i povahu vztahu mezi nimi a jejich rodiči.Katedra anglického jazyka a literaturyPedagogická fakultaFaculty of Educatio
Family Policy in the Czech Republic in Comparison with Selected European Countries in the period of 2004-2017
No full textPředmětem bakalářské práce je komparace rodinné politiky v České republice s vybranými evropskými zeměmi v letech 2004-2017. V teoretické části práce je charakterizována sociální politika, její typologie, rodina a rodinná politika. Autor udává ucelený přehled teoretického pozadí dané problematiky pro lepší porozumění nadcházející části. Praktická část zahrnuje analýzu konkrétních rodinných politik, jejich uplatnění a aktuálně používané nástroje. Výdaje na rodinnou politiku jsou porovnávány v procentech HDP jakožto objektivním ukazateli. V roce 2016 dosáhla úroveň plodnosti v Evropské unii hodnoty pouze 1,6 dítěte na ženu, přestože výdaje na rodinnou politiku u většiny evropských zemí rostou. Současný demografický trend spočívající v poklesu plodnosti ústí ve zvýšenou snahu zemí rodinu podporovat. Autorka předkládá doporučení v oblasti směřování výdajů rodinné politiky ve prospěch vyšší plodnosti.The subject of the bachelor thesis is comparison of the family policy in the Czech republic with selected european countries in the period of 2004-2017. In the theoretical part of the thesis there is provided a description of social policy, its basic typology, family and family policy. The author offers a compact overview of theoretical background to this issue for better understanding of subsequent part. The practical part contains an analysis of particular family policies, their exercise and tools that are being used in the moment. Family policy expenditures are compared in percentage of GDP as an objective indicator. In 2016, total fertility rate in European union reached just 1,6, although spending on family policy is increasing in most european countries. Present demographic trend is the decline in fertility rates, which leads to growing effort in supporting families. The author makes recommendations on where to locate expenditures on family policy on behalf of higher fertility rate
Physics of the Solid State V. 42, I. 07
No full textPhysics of the Solid State -- July 2000
Volume 42, Issue 7, pp. 1187-1379
METALS AND SUPERCONDUCTORS
Features of Electrical Conductivity in an Incommensurate Phase of Graphite Intercalation Compound C10HNO3
A. M. Ziatdinov
pp. 1187-1191 Full Text: PDF (62 kB)
Evaluation of the Influence of Dissolved Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties of Palladium
Yu. K. Tovbin and E. V. Votyakov
pp. 1192-1195 Full Text: PDF (46 kB)
Investigation of the Electronic Structure of the Fe–Si Systems by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
I. N. Shabanova, N. S. Terebova, and V. I. Kormilets
pp. 1196-1198 Full Text: PDF (44 kB)
Peculiarities of the Electronic Structure of Yb, In, Ag, and Cu in the Heavy-Fermion System YbIn1 – xAgxCu4
V. A. Shaburov, A. E. Sovestnov, Yu. P. Smirnov, A. V. Tyunis, and A. V. Golubkov
pp. 1199-1203 Full Text: PDF (69 kB)
Optical Investigation of Coherent and Thermal Phonons in High-Tc Superconductors
O. V. Misochko
pp. 1204-1206 Full Text: PDF (58 kB)
I–V Characteristics and the Electric-Field Effect in Melt-Grown YBa2Cu3Ox/Y2BaCuO5 HTSC Crystals
B. I. Smirnov, T. S. Orlova, S. Sengupta, and K. C. Goretta
pp. 1207-1210 Full Text: PDF (59 kB)
On the Origin of Orthorhombic Deformations in YBa2Cu3O7 – y
A. Yu. Gufan and Yu. V. Prus
pp. 1211-1214 Full Text: PDF (55 kB)
Superconductivity of In-Doped Sn0.62Pb0.33Ge0.05Te Alloys
S. A. Nemov, P. A. Osipov, V. I. Proshin, R. V. Parfen'ev, D. V. Shamshur, and N. P. Shainova
pp. 1215-1217 Full Text: PDF (43 kB)
Effect of Stress Fields of Small-Angle Tilt Grain Boundaries on Structural Inhomogeneities in High-Temperature Superconductors
A. Yu. Kraevskii and I. A. Ovid'ko
pp. 1218-1221 Full Text: PDF (319 kB)
SEMICONDUCTORS AND DIELECTRICS
Effect of Excitation Intensity and Electric Field on the Photoconductivity Relaxation in CdxHg1 – xTe/GaAs Polycrystalline Layers
A. I. Vlasenko, V. A. Gnatyuk, E. S. Gorodnichenko, and P. E. Mozol'
pp. 1222-1227 Full Text: PDF (77 kB)
Electrical Properties of (PbS)0.59TiS2 Crystals at High Pressure up to 20 GPa
V. V. Shchennikov, A. N. Titov, S. V. Popova, and S. V. Ovsyannikov
pp. 1228-1230 Full Text: PDF (59 kB)
Influence of the Relative Magnitude of the Jahn–Teller Effect and Level Splitting in a Cubic Crystal Field on the Properties of the Ground State of Vacancy Defects in Semiconductors
N. S. Averkiev, A. A. Gutkin, and S. Yu. Il'inskii
pp. 1231-1235 Full Text: PDF (67 kB)
Kinetic Coefficients of the Semiconducting Phase of FeSi2 at Low Temperatures
M. I. Fedorov, V. V. Popov, I. S. Eremin, and V. K. Zaitsev
pp. 1236-1239 Full Text: PDF (74 kB)
Birefringence of Porous Silicon
O. G. Sarbey, E. K. Frolova, R. D. Fedorovich, and D. B. Dan'ko
pp. 1240-1241 Full Text: PDF (36 kB)
Magnetic Absorption of Hexagonal Crystals CdSe in Strong and Weak Fields: Quasi-Cubic Approximation
A. B. Kapustina, B. V. Petrov, A. V. Rodina, and R. P. Seisyan
pp. 1242-1252 Full Text: PDF (200 kB)
Moving Near-Gap Solitons in the Nonlinear Optical Medium
A. S. Kovalev, O. V. Usatenko, and A. V. Gorbach
pp. 1253-1258 Full Text: PDF (84 kB)
Temperature Behavior of the 6.05-eV Band in Optical Absorption Spectra of Oxygen-Deficient Corundum
I. A. Vainshtein and V. S. Kortov
pp. 1259-1265 Full Text: PDF (115 kB)
Ligand Hyperfine Interactions and the Model of the Paramagnetic Center Gd3+ in alpha-LiIO3 Single Crystals
A. A. Davituliani, D. M. Daraselia, D. L. Japaridze, R. I. Mirianashvili, O. V. Romelashvili, and T. I. Sanadze
pp. 1266-1269 Full Text: PDF (78 kB)
DEFECTS, DISLOCATIONS, AND PHYSICS OF STRENGTH
Diffusion Kinetics and Spinodal Decomposition in Quasi-Equilibrium Solid Solutions
M. A. Zakharov
pp. 1270-1276 Full Text: PDF (71 kB)
Mixed Crystals of p-Dichlorobenzene with p-Bromchlorobenzene in the Presence of Vacancies in the Structure
V. F. Shabanov and M. A. Korshunov
pp. 1277-1279 Full Text: PDF (41 kB)
Preparation of Disordered and Ordered Highly Nonstoichiometric Carbides and Evaluation of Their Homogeneity
A. A. Rempel and A. I. Gusev
pp. 1280-1286 Full Text: PDF (86 kB)
Effect of Complete Restoration of the Ice Surface after Indentation in the Temperature Range 243–268 K
Yu. I. Golovin, A. A. Shibkov, and O. V. Shishkina
pp. 1287-1289 Full Text: PDF (450 kB)
Analytical Estimation of Dislocation Distribution at the Tip of Arrested Cracks
Yu. I. Tyalin, V. A. Fedorov, T. N. Pluzhnikova, and V. A. Kuranova
pp. 1290-1293 Full Text: PDF (44 kB)
Mechanochemical Penetration of Helium Atoms into Pd84.5–Si15.5 and Ni78–Si8–B14 Eutectic Amorphous Films Extended in Liquid 3He and 4He
O. V. Klyavin, B. A. Mamyrin, L. V. Khabarin, Yu. M. Chernov, V. Z. Bengus, E. D. Tabachnikova, and S. É. Shumilin
pp. 1294-1298 Full Text: PDF (187 kB)
Effect of Post-Deformation Ageing on the Recrystallization of KCl–SrCl2 Crystals
E. B. Borisenko and B. A. Gnesin
pp. 1299-1305 Full Text: PDF (156 kB)
MAGNETISM AND FERROELECTRICITY
Nonlinear Effects of Magnetization Precession near Ferromagnetic Resonance
A. M. Shutyi and D. I. Sementsov
pp. 1306-1309 Full Text: PDF (67 kB)
Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Lead-Substituted Lanthanum Ferrimanganites
V. V. Parfenov, Sh. Sh. Bashkirov, A. A. Valiullin, and A. V. Aver'yanov
pp. 1310-1312 Full Text: PDF (60 kB)
Magnetic Anisotropy of Antiferromagnet (CH3)4NMnCl3
A. M. Vorotynov, S. G. Ovchinnikov, V. V. Rudenko, and A. N. Sudakov
pp. 1313-1316 Full Text: PDF (56 kB)
Dissipation of the Spin Wave Energy in Magnetic Multilayer Films
A. M. Zyuzin, A. G. Bazhanov, S. N. Sabaev, and S. S. Kidyaev
pp. 1317-1321 Full Text: PDF (69 kB)
Transition from the Kondo Regime to Long-Range Magnetic Order in the FexV1 – xS System
G. V. Loseva, S. G. Ovchinnikov, A. D. Balaev, N. B. Ivanova, and N. I. Kiselev
pp. 1322-1324 Full Text: PDF (57 kB)
Axially Symmetrical Domain Structures in Garnet Ferrite Films
M. V. Chetkin, T. B. Shapaeva, and L. L. Savchenko
pp. 1325-1328 Full Text: PDF (467 kB)
Specific Features of Structural, Dielectric, and Optical Properties of CdTiO3
Yu. V. Kabirov, M. F. Kupriyanov, Ya. Dets, and P. Wawzala
pp. 1329-1333 Full Text: PDF (577 kB)
Polarization and Depolarization of Relaxor Ferroelectric Strontium Barium Niobate
V. V. Gladkii, V. A. Kirikov, S. V. Nekhlyudov, T. R. Volk, and L. I. Ivleva
pp. 1334-1340 Full Text: PDF (129 kB)
EPR and Dielectric Properties of Pb5Ge3O11 Crystals with Off-center Cu2+ Ions
M. P. Trubitsyn, S. Waplak, and A. S. Ermakov
pp. 1341-1347 Full Text: PDF (126 kB)
LATTICE DYNAMICS AND PHASE TRANSITIONS
Lattice Dynamics of MF3 Crystals (M = Al, Ga, and In)
V. I. Zinenko and N. G. Zamkova
pp. 1348-1353 Full Text: PDF (86 kB)
On Calculation of Volume Fractions of Competing Phases
N. V. Alekseechkin
pp. 1354-1360 Full Text: PDF (84 kB)
LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SURFACE PHYSICS
Negative Magnetoresistance and Hall Coefficient of a Two-Dimensional Disordered System
A. G. Groshev and S. G. Novokshonov
pp. 1361-1369 Full Text: PDF (141 kB)
Initial Ion Velocity in Electron-Stimulated Desorption
S. Yu. Davydov
pp. 1370-1372 Full Text: PDF (35 kB)
The Linewidth of Surface States of Simple Metals
V. M. Silkin and E. V. Chulkov
pp. 1373-1379 Full Text: PDF (88 kB)Archived web conten
Analysis of the Rate of Utilization of Benefits in Material Need in Chomutov District in 2008 - 2018
No full textPráce se zabývá problematikou dávek v hmotné nouzi v okresu Chomutov, který je vzhledem k vysokému výskytu lidí čerpajících dávky pomoci v hmotné nouzi považován za problematický. Autor si klade za cíl navrhnout vhodná doporučení pro tvůrce hospodářské a sociální politiky na Chomutovsku. Vychází přitom z teoretické části, která podrobně zpracovává téma chudoby, sociální systém ČR a základní přehled sociálních dávek jednotlivých pilířů systému. Práce zmiňuje i způsob výpočtu jednotlivých dávek v hmotné nouzi a vymezuje pravidla, kdy má osoba či rodina nárok na čerpání dávek, a kdy nikoliv. V analytické části se autor zaměřuje na analýzu počtu uchazečů v evidenci úřadu práce, analýzu míry využívání dávek pomoci v hmotné nouzi na Chomutovsku za období 2008–2018 (v tomto období pozoruje vývoj vybraných ukazatelů v jednotlivých časových intervalech) a analýzu míry zneužívání dávek pomoci v hmotné nouzi. Přijatá opatření snažící se zabránit zneužívání dávek pomoci v hmotné nouzi nejsou na základě výsledků analýz příliš účinná. Účinnějším řešením by podle názoru autora bylo zavedení systému čipových karet, pomocí kterého by se podařilo snížit počet případů zneužívání dávek. Zavedení tohoto typu opatření, by zároveň vedlo ke snižování výdajů na dávky pomoci v hmotné nouzi.The thesis deals with the issue of benefits in material need in the Chomutov district. Due to the high presence of people who receive benefits in material need is Chomutov district considered to be problematic. The author aims to propose suitable recommendations for economic and social policy makers in Chomutov district. It is based on the theoretical part, which deals with poverty, the social system of the Czech Republic and the basic social benefits of the specific pillars of the system. The thesis also mentions the method of calculating individual benefits in material need and defines the rules when a person or family is entitled to receive benefits and when not. In the practical part, the author focuses on the analysis of the number of job seekers registered in the Labor Office, the analysis of the rate of utilization of benefits in material need in Chomutov district for the period 2008–2018 (in this period observes the process of selected indicators at individual time intervals) and analysis of the rate of misuse of benefits in material need. On the basis of analysis results the measures to prevent misuse of benefits in material need are not very effective. In the view of the author, a more effective solution would be the introduction of a chip card system to reduce the number of misuse cases. At the same time, introducing this type of measure would reduce expenditures on benefits in material need
Development from Traditional to the Modern Family in Western Society
No full textkatedra: KFL; přílohy: 1 CD; rozsah: 52 s.The theme of this Bachelor thesis is family and its development against the backdrop of western society. The author focuses in his work mainly on traditional and modern family. The thesis stresses the main changes occurred within the 17th ? 20th century. Then, this thesis describes topics such as wedding and marriage, parenthood and divorce. These topics, in first part, are always described in traditional form and then what changes occurred in the modern times.Tématem bakalářské práce je rodina a její vývoj na pozadí západní společnosti. Autorka se svou prací zaměřuje převážně na tradiční a moderní rodinu. Práce vytyčuje hlavní změny, které nastaly v průběhu 17. ? 20. století. Dále práce popisuje témata jako sňatek a manželství, rodičovství a rozvod. Tato témata jsou vždy v první části popsána v tradiční podobě a následně k jakým došlo změnám v době moderní
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