1,721,072 research outputs found
Le dinamiche delle disuguaglianze di istruzione. Origini sociali e conseguimento dei titoli di studio in 16 paesi europei, 1920-1975
No full textThe main purpose of this article is to investigate whether inequality of educational outcomes has changed over time in a comparative perspective. Results of previous studies are mixed: some found persistent inequality in most of the industrialized countries, while recent works found a significant decline. Here 3 pooled waves of the European Social Survey are used to investigate changes in inequality of educational outcomes in 16 European countries. Ordinal logistic regression, integrated with multivariable fractional polynomials, is employed to model changes over time in the association between social origin and educational attainment. The basic results indicate a significant reduction of inequality in all the 16 European countries examined, but with different patterns (in some countries the trend is linear, whereas in others it is nonlinear). Inequalities in the probability of attaining tertiary education show a decline in Nordic and Southern Europe, versus stability or an increase in Eastern and Western Europe
Segni di inciviltà sul territorio e “paura” del crimine
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to study the relation between citizens’ perception of social incivilities and fear of crime. In the first part I review several theories and hypotheses within the ecological perspective, especially focusing on the incivilities and the “broken windows” theories. In the second part, I present several ways to operationalize and measure the concepts of incivilities and fear of crime, discussing their advantages and shortcomings. In the third part, I analyse data from the Italian Survey on Citizens’ Safety (Istat, Indagine sulla sicurezza dei cittadini). The analysis demonstrates that there is a positive relation between the observation of incivilities and fear of crime. Regression models show that people who often see incivilities in their own residence area are more likely to feel unsafe when they are walking alone in the streets in the night and they perceive their area as more unsafe, all else being equal. This relation is stronger in metropolitan areas than in small and medium size communities. On the contrary, the perception of incivilities decreases the probability of going out in the night only among women
Studio, lavoro e disuguaglianza nell'Università italiana
No full textPrevious research on Italian higher education showed that social origin affected students' academic progression and results in the 20th century. In this paper we examine the role of student employment - i.e. working during university - in the reproduction of social inequality in academic outcomes. In the first part, we review previous research results in the US, UK and Italy and discuss several competing hypotheses. In the second part, we use data from the Italian Longitudinal Household Survey (ILFI) to study a) the relation between student employment and academic outcomes; b) the relation between social origin and student employment, and c) the mediating effect of student employment in the relation between social origin and academic outcomes. Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression models show that full-time students are more likely to graduate on time than working-students, but only high-intensity work has a detrimental effect on dropping out. Social origin affects the probability of being a high-intensity worker, but not the likelihood of being a low-intensity worker. Finally, results from a non-linear decomposition analysis suggest that the overall role of student employment in the reproduction of inequality in higher education is low, while the most important variable is the type of highschool attended (especially lyceum vs non-academic)
Differentiated Trends in Student Access and Performance during the “Bologna Process”. The Case of Universities in Milan
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to examine trends in student access and performance at university during the implementation of the “Bologna Process”. We focus on the universities in Milan in order to assess whether and to what extent institutions with different characteristics experienced differentiated changes in both first-year students composition and performance. The analysis of administrative data suggests that the reform favored a growth of enrolments and an heterogeneous change in student characteristics. Public and large universities attracted mainly students with a weaker school background, while in the private and more prestigious universities the proportion of new entrants from the secondary academic track did not decrease at all. Furthermore, there has been an overall improvement in student performance (early drop-out and exams inactivity) and a reduction of its heterogeneity across universities. Further research should address whether this is due to organizational improvements or simply reflects a lowering of academic standards
Il gioco d’azzardo : l’iniquità di una tassa volontaria : la relazione tra posizione socio-economica e propensione al gioco
No full textItalian sociology has largely overlooked gambling, even if it is a widespread phenomenon with important socio-economic redistributive consequences. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap exploring the relationship between socio-economic
position and propensity to gamble among Italian households in the last decade. In the first part, we describe the main features of legal gambling in Italy and its importance for the State’s revenues. In the second part, we review the main research findings from other countries, we discuss the main theories about social stratification of gambling and elaborate our research hypotheses. In the last part, we analyse data
from three waves of the Istat’s survey on Consumption of Italian Households (1999, 2003, 2008), focusing on participation and monthly expenditure in «Lotto, lotteries and soccer gambling». Results of non-parametric (Lorentz curves, Suits index) and
parametric analyses (probit and OLS regression) indicate that gambling in Italy can be considered as a form of (voluntary) regressive taxation, because the less affluent households spend on gambling a higher proportion of their income than richer
families. Furthermore, the effect of income on gambling expenditure is larger among the lower educated families. At the end, there is evidence of a higher propensity to gamble among households of the working class, with fewer women and elderly, and from the South of Italy
Introduction [to the Special Issue: The Transformations of Higher Education in Italy and their Implications for Social Inequality]
No full textUn approccio longitudinale alla valutazione degli esiti occupazionali dei corsi di formazione professionale
Full text linkThe article shows how to apply the sociological approach of life courses to the evaluation research on the occupational outcomes of vocational training courses. In the first part we review the main principles of the life-courses approach. In the second section we describe the main features of the research Placement 2006 conducted by IReR (Regional Research Institute of the Lombardia); in particular, we focus on the research design and the procedures used to collect information. In the last part we present an empirical application of event history techniques. We use sequence analysis to examine occupational careers after the end of the vocational training courses and survival analysis to study the duration of unemployment episodes by gender and type of course. At the end, we briefly discuss the pro and cons of this approach and we suggest further development within this framework
La fuzzy-set QCA come integrazione tra metodi qualitativi e quantitativi. Una applicazione allo studio comparato dei sistemi universitari
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