397 research outputs found
Focus Forward: Outcomes of a Brief Occupational Therapy Intervention for Cancer-Related Cognitive Dysfunction
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/30/2017
Results of this pilot and feasibility study indicate that women with breast cancer who received a brief occupational therapy intervention for cancer-related cognitive dysfunction experienced pre–post improvements in self-reported cognition and occupational functioning.
Primary Author and Speaker: Shayne Hopkins
Contributing Authors: Mary Vining Radomski, Marsha Finkelstein, Mattie Anheluk, Kristin Berling, Michele Darger, Kim Grabe, M. Tracy Morrison, Joette Zola, Nancy Hutchison</jats:p
Leading social change through prison fine dining as a new form of global tourism
No full textThis chapter evaluates in-prison dining as a new trend in global tourism. This trend contributes to a wider social purpose of reducing reoffending rates and changing public perceptions of prisoners. The issues of rising crime, incarceration and reoffending rates in the developed world have led to the creation of hospitality training and employment programmes in working prisons to rehabilitate, reduce recidivism, engender social impact, and help offenders find employment in the hospitality industry. These programmes can be seen as relating globally to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Quality Education (Goal 4), Decent Work and Economic Growth (Goal 8) and Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (Goal 16). Specifically, the programmes position education and training as a means to rehabilitate prisoners, provide employment opportunities to stabilise their lives away from crime, and reducing recidivism and crime rates to increase public safety. Examples of such training programmes include The Clink Charity in the UK; restaurant Interno in Columbia, and the Gate to Plate event in New Zealand (Harkison & McIntosh, 2019a; Thomas-Graham, 2019)
Huntsville Times sleeve HT0004402
No full textAlabama A&M board of trustees meeting on contract for new president Raymond Burse / Get photo of him if he is there / Morrison building at A&M / Virginia Caples / Chris McNair / Dr. John Gibson named president / Gibson mugs / Chris McNair / Virginia Caples / Oneil Culver / [Jesse] Cleveland / [Tracy] Crutcher / Richard Davis / Edwin Hill / Corey Askew / [Notes and negatives from 26 July and 13 August 1996 also included
Numerical Study of Convective Heat Transfer in Flat Tube Heat Exchangers Operating in Self-Sustained Oscillatory Flow Regimes
No full textLaminar, two-dimensional, constant-property numerical simulations of flat tube heat exchanger devices operating in flow regimes in which self-sustained oscillations occur were performed. The unsteady flow regimes were transition flow regimes characterized by cyclic variations of flow parameters such as stream-wise or cross-stream velocity.
A computer code was developed to perform the numerical simulations. Spatial discretization was based upon a Control Volume Finite Element Method (CVFEM). Temporal discretization was based upon a semi-implicit Runge-Kutta method. Double Cyclic conditions were used to limit the numerical domains to one repeating geometric module.
Nine geometric domains representing flat tube heat exchanger devices were tested over a range of Reynolds numbers. A maximum Reynolds number (Re) of 2000 was established to keep the study within the transition range. For each domain, a critical Reynolds number (Re_crit) was found such that for Re Re_crit the flow exhibited cyclic oscillations. For the cases tested, the variation in longitudinal pitch had little impact on the Re_crit value for a fixed transverse pitch. However, for a fixed longitudinal pitch, the Re_crit was increased for decreasing transverse pitch.
The results demonstrate the importance of using unsteady simulation methods for these cases. Nusselt numbers predicted by the unsteady method were on the order of 65% higher than predicted by steady methods for the same Reynolds numbers.
Data for required pumping power versus resultant Nusselt number were collected which showed four distinct operating regions for these devices spanning the low Reynolds number, steady flow region through the self-sustained oscillating flow region. Based on the data, the recommended operating region is the region of self-sustained oscillations as this region is characterized by the highest increase in Nusselt number per increase in required pumping power
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to conspecific volatile organic compounds
No full textThe brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive pest in America, Europe and Asia and causes serious economic loss to crops, and nuisance problems during overwintering. Uninvaded southern hemisphere countries, such as New Zealand and Australia, see an increase in H. halys border interceptions during the northern hemisphere populations’ overwintering period as large aggregations of H. halys can settle to diapause in items for export, e.g. vehicles, containers, etc. Here, we explored aspects of diapausing H. halys behaviour relative to release and perception of defensive odour compounds. First, to determine whether group size and agitation affect the release of defensive odours, diapausing H. halys were confined in glass tubes as individuals or in varying group sizes and mechanically agitated or remained stationary and the presence or absence of defensive odours was recorded. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we also established if exposure to individual defensive odour components (tridecane, (E)-2-decenal, 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, and dodecane) induced individuals to release defensive compounds. Additionally, H. halys dispersal was measured in the laboratory following exposure to individual components of their defensive odour or their natural blend. We found that agitating individual bugs did not induce the release of defensive odours. The release of human-detectable odours was only found in groups of mechanically agitated H. halys, whereas non-agitated bugs did not emit odour. Exposure to 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal was the only odour component that resulted in individual H. halys releasing defensive compounds. Diapausing H. halys exposure to the natural blend of defensive compounds resulted in increased horizontal distance moved and velocity, while tridecane exposure increased distance moved, velocity and angular velocity, and (E)-2-decenal exposure increased distance moved. Our behavioural and chemical data suggest that defensive compounds released by diapausing H. halys act as an alarm pheromone, particularly when adults are in aggregations
Comparing Various Robust Estimation Techniques in Regression Analysis
No full textIn regression analysis, the use of the ordinary least squares (OLS) method is inadvisable when dealing with outlier or extreme observations. As a result, we require a method of robust estimation in which the estimation value is not significantly affected by outlier or extreme observations. Four methods of estimation will be compared in this paper in order to determine the best estimation: the M estimation method, the Least Trimmed Square Estimator, the S-estimation method, and the MM estimation method in robust regression. We discover that the best method is the MM-estimation method in this study. The M-estimation method is an extension of the maximum likelihood method, whereas the MM estimation method is a development of the M-estimation method, and the S-estimation method is related to the M-estimation method due to the use of the M-estimation residual scale. While robust regression methods can significantly improve estimation precision, they should not be used in place of more traditional methods
Identification of volatiles released by diapausing brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
No full textThe brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is an agricultural and urban pest that has become widely established as an invasive species of major concern in the USA and across Europe. This species forms large aggregations when entering diapause, and it is often these aggregations that are found by officials conducting inspections of internationally shipped freight. Identifying the presence of diapausing aggregations of H. halys using their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be a potential means for detecting and intercepting them during international freight inspections. Headspace samples were collected from aggregations of diapausing H. halys using volatile collection traps (VCTs) and solid phase microextraction. The only compound detected in all samples was tridecane, with small amounts of (E)-2-decenal found in most samples. We also monitored the release of defensive odors, following mechanical agitation of diapausing and diapause-disrupted adult H. halys. Diapausing groups were significantly more likely to release defensive odors than diapause-disrupted groups. The predominant compounds consistently found from both groups were tridecane, (E)-2-decenal, and 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, with a small abundance of dodecane. Our findings show that diapausing H. halys do release defensive compounds, and suggest that volatile sampling may be feasible to detect H. halys in freight
Declaring eradication of an invasive species
No full textImperfect detection methods mean that it is difficult to tell whether a species is absent from a site or remains undetected. For this reason, the decision to conclude an eradication program and declare a species successfully eradicated is fraught with uncertainty (Morrison et al., 2007). There are two errors that can be made (Regan et al., 2006). First, if the species is declared eradicated when it is still present, its population could grow undetected, causing large economic and environmental damages. There are costs associated with reinitiating the eradication campaign and reducing the species’ population to a low level. Second, monitoring cannot continue indefinitely, and continuing to survey when a species has already been eradicated uses resources that could be better deployed elsewhere. This chapter reviews statistical models that can be used to quantify the certainty that a species has been successfully eradicated from a site. It then describes how to analyse logically the decision to declare eradication, considering the risks and consequences of getting it wrong
Image_1_Phenotypic Plasticity or a Reproductive Dead End? Primnoa pacifica (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea) in the Southeastern Alaska Region.JPEG
No full textRed tree corals (Primnoa pacifica) are abundant in the eastern Gulf of Alaska, from the glacial fjords of Southeast Alaska where they emerge to as shallow as 6 m, to the continental shelf edge and seamounts where they are more commonly found at depths greater than 150 – 500 m. This keystone species forms large thickets, creating habitat for many associated species, including economically valuable fishes and crabs, and so are important benthic suspension feeders in this region. Though the reproductive periodicity of this species was reported in 2014 from a shallow fjord (Tracy Arm), this study examined reproductive ecologies from 8 sites – two within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, three on the continental shelf edge, one within Endicott Arm (Holkham Bay) and two time points from the Tracy Arm (Holkham Bay) study. Male reproductive traits were similar at all sites but there were distinct differences in oogenesis. Though per polyp fecundity mostly showed no significant difference between sites, there was a non-significant trend of increasing number of oocytes with depth. In addition, the average oocyte size from Tracy Arm (the shallowest site) was 105 μm, whereas from Shutter Ridge (one of the deepest sites) the average size was 309 μm. Moreover, the maximum oocyte size at Endicott Arm was 221 μm and at Tracy Arm was 802 μm (both shallow sites), whereas at Dixon Entrance (a deep site) it was 2120 μm, a difference not usually observed within a single species. We propose two theories to explain the observed differences, (a) this species shows great phenotypic plasticity in reproductive ecology, adjusting to different environmental variables based on energetic need and potentially demonstrating micro-evolution; or (b) the fjord sites are at a reproductive dead end, with the stress of shallow-water conditions effectively preventing gametogenesis reaching full potential and likely limiting successful reproductive events from occurring, at least on a regular basis.</p
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