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Filling regulatory gaps in high seas fisheries ::discrete high seas fish stocks, deep-sea fisheries, and vulnerable marine ecosystems /
No full textIn Filling Regulatory Gaps in High Seas Fisheries , author Yoshinobu Takei investigates the regime of high seas fisheries from the perspective of international law and considers whether there are regulatory gaps in high seas fisheries and, if so, how they should be filled. The book focuses on topical issues such as the management of deep-sea fisheries on the high seas and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems. In view of the current state of marine fisheries resources, together with ecosystem concerns, swift and effective action is required to improve fisheries management, in particular for high seas fisheries. Takei thoroughly analyzes the current state of affairs and convincingly suggests steps to be taken in the future
The role of the rectum in osmoregulation and the potential effect of renoguanylin on SLC26a6 transport activity in the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)
No full textTeleosts living in seawater continually absorb water across the intestine to compensate for branchial water loss to the environment. The present study reveals that the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) rectum plays a comparable role to the posterior intestine in ion and water absorption. However, the posterior intestine appears to rely more on SLC26a6 (a HCO3 (-)/Cl(-) antiporter) and the rectum appears to rely on NKCC2 (SLC12a1) for the purposes of solute-coupled water absorption. The present study also demonstrates that the rectum responds to renoguanylin (RGN), a member of the guanylin family of peptides that alters the normal osmoregulatory processes of the distal intestine, by inhibited water absorption. RGN decreases rectal water absorption more greatly than in the posterior intestine and leads to net Na(+) and Cl(-) secretion, and a reversal of the absorptive short-circuit current (ISC). It is hypothesized that maintaining a larger fluid volume within the distal segments of intestinal tract facilitates the removal of CaCO3 precipitates and other solids from the intestine. Indeed, the expression of the components of the Cl(-)-secretory response, apical CFTR, and basolateral NKCC1 (SLC12a2), are upregulated in the rectum of the Gulf toadfish after 96 h in 60 ppt, an exposure that increases CaCO3 precipitate formation relative to 35 ppt. Moreover, the downstream intracellular effects of RGN appear to directly inhibit ion absorption by NKCC2 and anion exchange by SLC26a6. Overall, the present findings elucidate key electrophysiological differences between the posterior intestine and rectum of Gulf toadfish and the potent regulatory role renoguanylin plays in osmoregulation
P-29 - A NOVEL TYROSINE-PHOSPHORYLATED MEMBRANE-PROTEIN PRESENT IN SMALL CLEAR VESICLES OF NEURONS AND ENDOCRINE-CELLS
No full textBAUMERT M, TAKEI K, HARTINGER J, et al. P-29 - A NOVEL TYROSINE-PHOSPHORYLATED MEMBRANE-PROTEIN PRESENT IN SMALL CLEAR VESICLES OF NEURONS AND ENDOCRINE-CELLS. JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY. 1990;110(4):1285-1294
Self-Organized Vortex and Antivortex Patterns in Laser Arrays
No full textRecently, it was shown that dissipatively coupled laser arrays simulate the classical XY model. We show that phase locking of laser arrays can give rise to the spontaneous formation of vortex and antivortex phase patterns that are analogous to topological defects of the XY model. These patterns are stable although their formation is less likely in comparison to the ground-state lasing mode. In addition, we show that small ratios of photon to gain lifetime destabilize vortex and antivortex phase patterns. These findings are useful for studying topological effects in optics as well as for designing laser array devices
ARF6 stimulates clathrin/AP-2 recruitment to synaptic membranes by activating phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type I gamma
No full textClathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membranes involves the recruitment of clathrin and AP-2 adaptor complexes to the presynaptic plasma membrane. Phosphoinositides have been implicated in nucleating coat assembly by directly binding to several endocytotic proteins including AP-2 and AP180. Here, we show that the stimulatory effect of ATP and GTPgammaS on clathrin coat recruitment is mediated at least in part by increased levels Of PIP2. We also provide evidence for a role of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) via direct stimulation of a synaptically enriched phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type Igamma (PIPKIgamma), in this effect. These data suggest a model according to which activation of PIPKIgamma by ARF6-GTP facilitates clathrin-coated pit assembly at the synapse
Exo-endocytotic recycling of synaptic vesicles in developing processes of cultured hippocampal neurons
No full textIn mature neurons synaptic vesicles (SVs) undergo cycles of exo-endocytosis at synapses. It is currently unknown whether SV exocytosis and recycling occurs also in developing axons prior to synapse formation. To address this question, we have developed an immunocytochemical assay to reveal SV exo-endocytosis in hippocampal neurons developing in culture. In this assay antibodies directed against the lumenal domain of synaptotagmin I (Syt I), an intrinsic membrane protein of SVs, are used to reveal exposure of SV membranes at the cell surface. Addition of antibodies to the culture medium of living neurons for 1 hr at 37 degrees C resulted in their rapid and specific internalization by all neuronal processes and, particularly, by axons. Double immunofluorescence and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry indicated that the antibodies were retained within SVs in cell processes and underwent cycles of exo-endocytosis in parallel with SV membranes. In contrast, another endocytotic marker, wheat germ agglutinin, was rapidly cleared from the processes and transported to the cell body. Antibody-labeled SVs were still present in axons several days after antibody loading and became clustered at presynaptic sites in parallel with synaptogenesis. These results demonstrate that SVs undergo multiple cycles of exo-endocytosis in developing neuronal processes irrespective of the presence of synaptic contacts
DS_10.1177_1558944718800732 – Supplemental material for Prospective Evaluation of Opioid Consumption Following Cubital Tunnel Decompression Surgery
No full textSupplemental material, DS_10.1177_1558944718800732 for Prospective Evaluation of Opioid Consumption Following Cubital Tunnel Decompression Surgery by Bryan A. Hozack, Jack Abboudi, Gregory Gallant, Christopher M. Jones, William Kirkpatrick, Frederic E. Liss, Michael Rivlin, T. Robert Takei, Mark L. Wang, Matthew Silverman, Carol Foltz and Asif M. Ilyas in HAND</p
Cost of being a Mexican immigrant and being a Mexican non-citizen in California and Texas
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine hourly wage differences across different
groups of Mexican-origin workers. First, I assess the cost of foreign-born status by
comparing the hourly wages of Mexican immigrant workers with those of native-born
Mexican American workers. Second, I assess the cost of non-citizenship status by comparing
the hourly wages of non-citizens with those of Mexican-born U.S. naturalized citizens. I also
seek to determine if these costs are greater in California than in Texas. The data are drawn
from the 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) U.S. Census. The results from
multiple linear regression analyses show that being an immigrant, particularly a non-citizen
immigrant, is associated with lower hourly wages, especially in California. Thus, Mexicanorigin
workers, especially those in California, bear dual costs for being foreign-born and not
being naturalized citizens. Furthermore, I focus on length of U.S. residence to assess the
social and economic impact of the different periods on the costs associated with foreign-born
status. First, those who came to the United States before the IRCA of 1986 and a series of
California propositions during the 1990s have higher hourly wages than those who arrived
later, because of more stable labor market conditions and the effect of the duration of stay in the United States. Second, those who arrived during the last decade have much lower hourly
wages because of their disadvantaged labor market contexts
COMPARISON OF HANDGRIP STRENGTH RESULTS OBTAINED WITH TWO DIFFERENT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS TAKEI AND JAMAR DYNAMOMETERS IN CHILDREN AGED 11-13 YEARS
No full textPrimarni cilj ovog rada je usporediti rezultate snage stiska šake kod djece 11 – 13 godina različitog sportskog statusa. Sekundarni cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi korelaciju rezultata dobivenih sa dva različita mjerna instrumenta (dinamometar Takei i dinamometar Jamar) za procjenu snage stiska šake. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 228 ispitanika, koji su bili raspoređeni u dvije grupe. Prvu grupu činilo je 144 djece koji se bave sportom, a drugu skupinu 84 djece koji se ne bave sportom. Obje grupe bile su testirane testom za procjenu snage stiska šake sa dva različita mjerna instrumenta, Snaga stiska šake bila je testirana Takei i Jamar dinamometrima. Nakon provedene analize, prikazani su rezultati, a za opis rezultata korišteni su osnovni deskriptivni parametri: aritmetička sredina (M), standardna devijacija (SD), minimum (MIN), maksimum (MAKS) te pokazatelji parametra distribucije (skewness, kurtosis). Provjera simetričnosti (skewness) i spljoštenosti (kurtosis) pokazuje da distribucije tih varijabli jesu blago asimetrične, ali su ta odstupanja objektivno zanemariva. Normalitet distribucije provjeren je testom Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Razlika između dva uzorka ispitanika utvrđivana je pomoću T-testa. Neparametrijska statistička metoda koja se koristila za uvid u povezanost dvije istraživane varijable je korelacija (r) te je uz to dobiven i koeficijent determinacije (r²). Temeljem dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti kako su ispitanici postizali slične rezultate na oba dinamometra te kako su sportaši ostvarili bolje rezultate od nesportaša. Taj rezultat možemo prvenstveno možemo pridodati utjecaju bavljenja sportom koji pomaže djeci u njihovom kvalitetnijem rastu i razvoju.The primary aim of this study is to compare hand grip strength results in children aged 11 to 13 years with different sports statuses. The secondary goal of this research was to determine the correlation of results obtained using two different measurement instruments (Takei dynamometer and Jamar dynamometer) for assessing handgrip strength. The study involved 228 participants, divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 144 children engaged in sports, while the second group included 84 children who do not participate in sports. Both groups were tested using two different measurement instruments to assess handgrip strength. The handgrip strength was tested with Takei and Jamar dynamometers. After conducting the analysis, the results were presented, and basic descriptive parameters were used to describe the results: arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation (SD), minimum (MIN), maximum (MAX), and distribution parameters (skewness, kurtosis). The assessment of skewness and kurtosis shows that the distributions of these variables are slightly asymmetrical, but these deviations are objectively negligible. The normality of the distribution was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The difference between the two sample groups was determined using a T-test. A non-parametric statistical method was used to assess the relationship between the two studied variables, namely correlation (r), and the coefficient of determination (r²) was also obtained. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the participants achieved similar results on both dynamometers and that athletes performed better than non-athletes. This outcome can primarily be attributed to the impact of sports activities, which help children in their better growth and development
COMPARISON OF HANDGRIP STRENGTH RESULTS OBTAINED WITH TWO DIFFERENT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS TAKEI AND JAMAR DYNAMOMETERS IN CHILDREN AGED 11-13 YEARS
No full textPrimarni cilj ovog rada je usporediti rezultate snage stiska šake kod djece 11 – 13 godina različitog sportskog statusa. Sekundarni cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi korelaciju rezultata dobivenih sa dva različita mjerna instrumenta (dinamometar Takei i dinamometar Jamar) za procjenu snage stiska šake. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 228 ispitanika, koji su bili raspoređeni u dvije grupe. Prvu grupu činilo je 144 djece koji se bave sportom, a drugu skupinu 84 djece koji se ne bave sportom. Obje grupe bile su testirane testom za procjenu snage stiska šake sa dva različita mjerna instrumenta, Snaga stiska šake bila je testirana Takei i Jamar dinamometrima. Nakon provedene analize, prikazani su rezultati, a za opis rezultata korišteni su osnovni deskriptivni parametri: aritmetička sredina (M), standardna devijacija (SD), minimum (MIN), maksimum (MAKS) te pokazatelji parametra distribucije (skewness, kurtosis). Provjera simetričnosti (skewness) i spljoštenosti (kurtosis) pokazuje da distribucije tih varijabli jesu blago asimetrične, ali su ta odstupanja objektivno zanemariva. Normalitet distribucije provjeren je testom Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Razlika između dva uzorka ispitanika utvrđivana je pomoću T-testa. Neparametrijska statistička metoda koja se koristila za uvid u povezanost dvije istraživane varijable je korelacija (r) te je uz to dobiven i koeficijent determinacije (r²). Temeljem dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti kako su ispitanici postizali slične rezultate na oba dinamometra te kako su sportaši ostvarili bolje rezultate od nesportaša. Taj rezultat možemo prvenstveno možemo pridodati utjecaju bavljenja sportom koji pomaže djeci u njihovom kvalitetnijem rastu i razvoju.The primary aim of this study is to compare hand grip strength results in children aged 11 to 13 years with different sports statuses. The secondary goal of this research was to determine the correlation of results obtained using two different measurement instruments (Takei dynamometer and Jamar dynamometer) for assessing handgrip strength. The study involved 228 participants, divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 144 children engaged in sports, while the second group included 84 children who do not participate in sports. Both groups were tested using two different measurement instruments to assess handgrip strength. The handgrip strength was tested with Takei and Jamar dynamometers. After conducting the analysis, the results were presented, and basic descriptive parameters were used to describe the results: arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation (SD), minimum (MIN), maximum (MAX), and distribution parameters (skewness, kurtosis). The assessment of skewness and kurtosis shows that the distributions of these variables are slightly asymmetrical, but these deviations are objectively negligible. The normality of the distribution was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The difference between the two sample groups was determined using a T-test. A non-parametric statistical method was used to assess the relationship between the two studied variables, namely correlation (r), and the coefficient of determination (r²) was also obtained. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the participants achieved similar results on both dynamometers and that athletes performed better than non-athletes. This outcome can primarily be attributed to the impact of sports activities, which help children in their better growth and development
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